Develop Reference

sending UTF8 charset using network connection

I'm trying to send notification for both Android & iOS using non-Latin charset.
I notice when I send message from Android to iOS using non-Latin charset, message displayed on iPhone as "????", since the Java server side for iOS and Android are the same, I assume the problem is how I send the request from Android handset, notice message from iOS to iOS works fine.
below is the code that I'm using to open network connection and sending the request, please, let me know if it's OK.
byte[] bytes = body.getBytes(/*"UTF-16"*//*"ISO-8859-1"*/"UTF-8");
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
try {
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
conn.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(bytes.length);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");
// post the request
OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
out.write(bytes);
out.close();
// handle the response
int status = conn.getResponseCode();
if (status != 200) {
Log.d("send message", "Coud Send Message, No Internet Connection Avilable.");
throw new IOException("Post failed with error code " + status);
}
InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
// readStream(in);
int b;
while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
stringBuilder.append((char) b);
}

check below code it works for me, i have also same issue,
to get Data from server,
String is = null;
try {
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(URL);
// httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs2));
httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs2,
HTTP.UTF_8));
HttpResponse responce = httpclient.execute(httppost);
HttpEntity entity = responce.getEntity();
is = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
Log.d("call http :", e.getMessage().toString());
is = null;
}
return is;
hope it may help you.

How to send POST request in JSON using HTTPClient in Android?

I'm trying to figure out how to POST JSON from Android by using HTTPClient. I've been trying to figure this out for a while, I have found plenty of examples online, but I cannot get any of them to work. I believe this is because of my lack of JSON/networking knowledge in general. I know there are plenty of examples out there but could someone point me to an actual tutorial? I'm looking for a step by step process with code and explanation of why you do each step, or of what that step does. It doesn't need to be a complicated, simple will suffice.
Again, I know there are a ton of examples out there, I'm just really looking for an example with an explanation of what exactly is happening and why it is doing that way.
If someone knows about a good Android book on this, then please let me know.
Thanks again for the help #terrance, here is the code I described below
public void shNameVerParams() throws Exception{
String path = //removed
HashMap params = new HashMap();
params.put(new String("Name"), "Value");
params.put(new String("Name"), "Value");
try {
HttpClient.SendHttpPost(path, params);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

In this answer I am using an example posted by Justin Grammens.
About JSON
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. In JavaScript properties can be referenced both like this object1.name and like this object['name'];. The example from the article uses this bit of JSON.
The Parts
A fan object with email as a key and foo#bar.com as a value
{
fan:
{
email : 'foo#bar.com'
}
}
So the object equivalent would be fan.email; or fan['email'];. Both would have the same value
of 'foo#bar.com'.
About HttpClient Request
The following is what our author used to make a HttpClient Request. I do not claim to be an expert at all this so if anyone has a better way to word some of the terminology feel free.
public static HttpResponse makeRequest(String path, Map params) throws Exception
{
//instantiates httpclient to make request
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//url with the post data
HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(path);
//convert parameters into JSON object
JSONObject holder = getJsonObjectFromMap(params);
//passes the results to a string builder/entity
StringEntity se = new StringEntity(holder.toString());
//sets the post request as the resulting string
httpost.setEntity(se);
//sets a request header so the page receving the request
//will know what to do with it
httpost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
//Handles what is returned from the page
ResponseHandler responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler();
return httpclient.execute(httpost, responseHandler);
}
Map
If you are not familiar with the Map data structure please take a look at the Java Map reference. In short, a map is similar to a dictionary or a hash.
private static JSONObject getJsonObjectFromMap(Map params) throws JSONException {
//all the passed parameters from the post request
//iterator used to loop through all the parameters
//passed in the post request
Iterator iter = params.entrySet().iterator();
//Stores JSON
JSONObject holder = new JSONObject();
//using the earlier example your first entry would get email
//and the inner while would get the value which would be 'foo#bar.com'
//{ fan: { email : 'foo#bar.com' } }
//While there is another entry
while (iter.hasNext())
{
//gets an entry in the params
Map.Entry pairs = (Map.Entry)iter.next();
//creates a key for Map
String key = (String)pairs.getKey();
//Create a new map
Map m = (Map)pairs.getValue();
//object for storing Json
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
//gets the value
Iterator iter2 = m.entrySet().iterator();
while (iter2.hasNext())
{
Map.Entry pairs2 = (Map.Entry)iter2.next();
data.put((String)pairs2.getKey(), (String)pairs2.getValue());
}
//puts email and 'foo#bar.com' together in map
holder.put(key, data);
}
return holder;
}
Please feel free to comment on any questions that arise about this post or if I have not made something clear or if I have not touched on something that your still confused about... etc whatever pops in your head really.
(I will take down if Justin Grammens does not approve. But if not then thanks Justin for being cool about it.)
Update
I just happend to get a comment about how to use the code and realized that there was a mistake in the return type.
The method signature was set to return a string but in this case it wasnt returning anything. I changed the signature
to HttpResponse and will refer you to this link on Getting Response Body of HttpResponse
the path variable is the url and I updated to fix a mistake in the code.

Here is an alternative solution to #Terrance's answer. You can easly outsource the conversion. The Gson library does wonderful work converting various data structures into JSON and the other way around.
public static void execute() {
Map<String, String> comment = new HashMap<String, String>();
comment.put("subject", "Using the GSON library");
comment.put("message", "Using libraries is convenient.");
String json = new GsonBuilder().create().toJson(comment, Map.class);
makeRequest("http://192.168.0.1:3000/post/77/comments", json);
}
public static HttpResponse makeRequest(String uri, String json) {
try {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(uri);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(json));
httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
return new DefaultHttpClient().execute(httpPost);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
Similar can be done by using Jackson instead of Gson. I also recommend taking a look at Retrofit which hides a lot of this boilerplate code for you. For more experienced developers I recommend trying out RxAndroid.

I recommend using this HttpURLConnectioninstead HttpGet. As HttpGet is already deprecated in Android API level 22.
HttpURLConnection httpcon;
String url = null;
String data = null;
String result = null;
try {
//Connect
httpcon = (HttpURLConnection) ((new URL (url).openConnection()));
httpcon.setDoOutput(true);
httpcon.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
httpcon.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
httpcon.setRequestMethod("POST");
httpcon.connect();
//Write
OutputStream os = httpcon.getOutputStream();
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8"));
writer.write(data);
writer.close();
os.close();
//Read
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpcon.getInputStream(),"UTF-8"));
String line = null;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
br.close();
result = sb.toString();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

Too much code for this task, checkout this library https://github.com/kodart/Httpzoid
Is uses GSON internally and provides API that works with objects. All JSON details are hidden.
Http http = HttpFactory.create(context);
http.get("http://example.com/users")
.handler(new ResponseHandler<User[]>() {
#Override
public void success(User[] users, HttpResponse response) {
}
}).execute();

There are couple of ways to establish HHTP connection and fetch data from a RESTFULL web service. The most recent one is GSON. But before you proceed to GSON you must have some idea of the most traditional way of creating an HTTP Client and perform data communication with a remote server. I have mentioned both the methods to send POST & GET requests using HTTPClient.
/**
* This method is used to process GET requests to the server.
*
* #param url
* #return String
* #throws IOException
*/
public static String connect(String url) throws IOException {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse response;
HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
// Set the timeout in milliseconds until a connection is established.
// The default value is zero, that means the timeout is not used.
int timeoutConnection = 60*1000;
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutConnection);
// Set the default socket timeout (SO_TIMEOUT)
// in milliseconds which is the timeout for waiting for data.
int timeoutSocket = 60*1000;
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutSocket);
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
result = convertStreamToString(instream);
//instream.close();
}
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
Utilities.showDLog("connect","ClientProtocolException:-"+e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Utilities.showDLog("connect","IOException:-"+e);
}
return result;
}
/**
* This method is used to send POST requests to the server.
*
* #param URL
* #param paramenter
* #return result of server response
*/
static public String postHTPPRequest(String URL, String paramenter) {
HttpParams httpParameters = new BasicHttpParams();
// Set the timeout in milliseconds until a connection is established.
// The default value is zero, that means the timeout is not used.
int timeoutConnection = 60*1000;
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutConnection);
// Set the default socket timeout (SO_TIMEOUT)
// in milliseconds which is the timeout for waiting for data.
int timeoutSocket = 60*1000;
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParameters, timeoutSocket);
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParameters);
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(URL);
httppost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
try {
if (paramenter != null) {
StringEntity tmp = null;
tmp = new StringEntity(paramenter, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(tmp);
}
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httppost);
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
InputStream input = null;
input = entity.getContent();
String res = convertStreamToString(input);
return res;
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.print(e.toString());
}
return null;
}

Https connection Android

I have an applications that connects to a web service that uses an Entrust valid certificate. The only difference is that it's a wildcard SSL.
The problem is : I get an
ERROR/NoHttpResponseException(5195): org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException: The target server failed to respond
when I'm on 3G. When on WIFI it works, on simulator it works, tethering the simulator trough my phones 3G works. But the app on my phone from 3G dosen't work at all. Tested on a HTC Legend CM7.0.3(2.3.3) and Nexus S 2.3.3 on 2 different network(Virgin Mobile Canada and Fido).
I have a PCAP dump from my device that show some error, but I don't understand it really well.
Acknowledgement number: Broken TCP. The acknowledge field is nonzero while the ACK flag is not set
I tried the fix on this question this question too. I don't know where else to go.
By the way, the web service work with the browser on 3G.
We are also using basic auth with HttpRequestInterceptor.
I think this is all the details I can give. If something else is needed feel free to ask.
This question is related too, I've tried both fix, none of them work.
Edit
I'm starting to think that this could be better suited for serverfault.com
This is the dump file and the screenshot
Edit 2
This is the code I'm using to connect to the web service in question.
protected HttpEntity sendData(List<NameValuePair> pairs, String method)
throws ClientProtocolException, IOException,
AuthenticationException {
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(KEY_SECURITY, KEY));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(LANG_KEY, lang));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(OS_KEY, OS));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(MODEL_KEY, model));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(CARRIER_KEY, carrier));
DefaultHttpClient client = getClient();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost();
try {
post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
Log.e("UnsupportedEncodingException", e1.toString());
}
URI uri = URI.create(method);
post.setURI(uri);
client.addRequestInterceptor(preemptiveAuth, 0);
HttpHost target = new HttpHost(host, port, protocol);
HttpContext httpContext = new BasicHttpContext();
HttpResponse response = client.execute(target, post, httpContext);
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode == 401) {
throw new AuthenticationException("Invalid username or password");
}
return response.getEntity();
}

We finally found the problem. It wasn't code related.
It was the reverse DNS that was timing-out. Because I dind't receive any answer from the reverse DNS my apache/ssl session was closed prematurely.
By using Google's DNS on a rooted device it worked.
The only thing left to do now is fix the our reverse DNS.
Here is a workaround : http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=13117#c14
Call this method on your DefaultHttpClient or AndroidHttpClient instance. It will prevent the reverse DNS lookup from being made.
private void workAroundReverseDnsBugInHoneycombAndEarlier(HttpClient client) {
// Android had a bug where HTTPS made reverse DNS lookups (fixed in Ice Cream Sandwich)
// http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=13117
SocketFactory socketFactory = new LayeredSocketFactory() {
SSLSocketFactory delegate = SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
#Override public Socket createSocket() throws IOException {
return delegate.createSocket();
}
#Override public Socket connectSocket(Socket sock, String host, int port,
InetAddress localAddress, int localPort, HttpParams params) throws IOException {
return delegate.connectSocket(sock, host, port, localAddress, localPort, params);
}
#Override public boolean isSecure(Socket sock) throws IllegalArgumentException {
return delegate.isSecure(sock);
}
#Override public Socket createSocket(Socket socket, String host, int port,
boolean autoClose) throws IOException {
injectHostname(socket, host);
return delegate.createSocket(socket, host, port, autoClose);
}
private void injectHostname(Socket socket, String host) {
try {
Field field = InetAddress.class.getDeclaredField("hostName");
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(socket.getInetAddress(), host);
} catch (Exception ignored) {
}
}
};
client.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry()
.register(new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443));
}

Have you tried the solution mentioned in HttpClient on Android : NoHttpResponseException through UMTS/3G?
Copy below
I finally got rid of this problem : simply a HTTP header that was badly handled by a squid server on the road :
Expect: 100-Continue
It seems to be there by default with DefaultHttpClient on android SDK. To tackle this, simply add that in your code :
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(httpClient.getParams(), false);

ArrayList<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("year","1980"));
//http post
try{
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://example.com/getAllPeopleBornAfter.php");
httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs));
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
InputStream is = entity.getContent();
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e("log_tag", "Error in http connection "+e.toString());
}
//convert response to string
try{
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"iso-8859-1"),8);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "n");
}
is.close();
result=sb.toString();
}catch(Exception e){
Log.e("log_tag", "Error converting result "+e.toString());
}
refer this code for http connection

Error using HTTP Post

I got an error using HttpPost for sending an MMS in Android.
In the Logcat it says:
ERROR/Here(447): ---------Error-----Target host must not be null, or set in parameters.
My sample code:
String url = "myurl";
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
try {
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(url, new Integer(90000)); // 90 second
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
File SDCard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
File file = new File(SDCard, "1.png");
FileEntity entity;
entity = new FileEntity(file,"binary/octet-stream");
entity.setChunked(true);
post.setEntity(entity);
post.addHeader("Header", "UniqueName");
Log.i("MMSHTTP","----post---------------"+post);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
Log.e("Here",
"--------Error--------Response Status line code:" + response.getStatusLine());
}
else
{
// Here every thing is fine.
}
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity == null) {
Log.e("Here","---------Error No Response!!-----");
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.e("Here","---------Error-----"+ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
How do I fix the error?

The url you're specifying is in your sample code is:
String url = "myurl";
In order for HttpClient to be able to determine the host name, you're going to need to supply a valid url. Something along the lines of:
String url = "http://myurl.com/index";
Note: The 'http://' is important so that the appropriate protocol can be determined.
This guy had the same problem.

IIS seems to think an Android HttpPost is a GET

UPDATE: These problems were caused by a reverse proxy performing a 301 redirect. Altering the url to the destination of the redirect fixed the issue.
I am struggling to make a POST request from android to a web service.
I have a web service running on IIS7 with the following:
<OperationContract()> _
<Web.WebInvoke(BodyStyle:=WebMessageBodyStyle.Bare, Method:="POST", RequestFormat:=WebMessageFormat.Xml, ResponseFormat:=WebMessageFormat.Xml, UriTemplate:="HelloWorld")> _
Function HelloWorld() As XmlElement
When I send a POST request to this url from Firefox it works as expected.
When I make the request from an Android device using the following code:
String sRequest = "http://www.myserviceurl.com/mysevice/HelloWorld";
ArrayList<NameValuePair> arrValues = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
arrValues.add(new BasicNameValuePair("hello", "world"));
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(sRequest);
httpRequest.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpRequest.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(arrValues));
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpRequest);
I get a Method Not Allowed 405 response and when looking in the IIS logs the request to this url appears as a "GET".
If I change the target of the request to a PHP script that echoes $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] the output is POST.
The web.config of the web service has GET, HEAD and POST as verbs.
Is there something I have overlooked?

I had to implement a workaround by disabling the automatic redirect and then catching the response code and redirect URL and reexecuting the POST.
// return false so that no automatic redirect occurrs
httpClient.setRedirectHandler(new DefaultRedirectHandler()
{
#Override
public boolean isRedirectRequested(HttpResponse response, HttpContext context)
{
return false;
}
});
Then when I issued the request
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, localContext);
int code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
// if the server responded to the POST with a redirect, get the URL and reexecute the POST
if (code == 302 || code == 301)
{
httpPost.setURI(new URI(response.getHeaders("Location")[0].getValue()));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, localContext);
}

try:
DefaultHttpClient http = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpResponse res;
try {
HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(s);
httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, HTTP.DEFAULT_CONTENT_CHARSET));
res = http.execute(httpost);
InputStream is = res.getEntity().getContent();
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
ByteArrayBuffer baf = new ByteArrayBuffer(50);
int current = 0;
while((current = bis.read()) != -1){
baf.append((byte)current);
}
res = null;
httpost = null;
String ret = new String(baf.toByteArray(),encoding);
return ret;
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
return e.getMessage();
}
catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
return e.getMessage();
}