Develop Reference

ndk-build undefined reference errror

I'm using ndk-build to build a set of shared library(.so) for my android project. I configured and made the source code of C++ library(gdal-2.2.2).
everything was ok.("./configure & make & make install" was successful).
So i created my jni folder like this documentation.
but when I'm trying to use ndk-build on windows, I get a lot of error like "Undefined refrence to somthing".
I've spent a lot of time on this project. Is there someone to help me?
Thanks.
Update
I used configure like this on ubuntu 16.04:
./configure --prefix=/home/mahdi/Desktop/build/ --with-spatialite=yes --with-spatialite-soname=libspatialite.so --host=i686-linux-android CXXFLAGS="-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" LIBS="-lsupc++ -lstdc++"
After make & make install step I created JNI. this is my directory.
jniwrap
jni
gdal
Android.mk
Application.mk
gdal_wrap.cpp
gdalconst_wrap.c
gnm_wrap.cpp
libgdal.a
ogr_wrap.cpp
osr_wrap.cpp
Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := gdal
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/gdal/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libgdal.a
LOCAL_EXPORT_LDLIBS := -lz
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := gdaljni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := gdal_wrap.cpp
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := gdal
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := gdalconstjni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := gdalconst_wrap.c
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := gdal
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := ogrjni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ogr_wrap.cpp
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := gdal
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := osrjni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := osr_wrap.cpp
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := gdal
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
Aplication.mk
APP_STL := gnustl_shared
APP_CFLAGS := Android.mk
APP_ABI := x86
APP_PLATFORM := android-14
Then I used android-ndk-r16b in windows-x86_64 but I faced with these errors like this picture:
There was a lot of "undefined reference error" that i can't show here.
Note: for making gdal Java Binding I used swig and jdk7 on my ubuntu 16.04.

When you build libgdal.a on your ubuntu machine, you must have sqlite3, which resolves #include "sqlite3.h".
These include files are enough for a static library, but to create libgdaljni.so you also need libsqlite3.a. You can cross-compile it for Android it yourself on the same ubuntu machine, but it is probably OK to get prebuilt library e.g. from https://github.com/couchbase/couchbase-lite-java-native/tree/master/vendor/sqlite/libs/android.
Copy this file (for appropriate ABI) to the same directory, and modify your Android.mk accordingly:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := sqlite3
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libsqlite3.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := gdal
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/gdal/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libgdal.a
LOCAL_EXPORT_LDLIBS := -lz
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := sqlite3
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
*continued without changes*
If you still have "undefined reference error", this could mean that some other libraries should be added.

Android NDK linking, "undefined reference" When linking with a Static Lib

Environment
android-ndk-r10c
VisualGDB
Windows x64
Use-case 1
ADB Cmdline executable ( no Java / APK ) is consist of several C++ files
Executable is compiled having "APP_STL := gnustl_static" at Application.mk
Executable is successfully compiled and running
Use-case 2
The ADB tool of Use-case 1 is split into two separate projects
A static library encapsulating general purpose functionality
The ADB Tool minus the functionality moved out to the static lib
Executable & static Lib are compiled having "APP_STL := gnustl_static" at Application.mk
ADB Exe is compiled having LOCAL_LDLIBS := -L$(PATH_TO_STATIC_LIB) -lstaticlib
Compilation fail with "undefined reference to `std::terminate()'" Linker error
Problem at hand
When compiling all CPP files as one project all goes fine, no linker error.
When spiting the logic into a thin executable and a staticlib (that the executable is linked against ) I get an "undefined reference to `std::terminate()'" Linker error.
It seems to me as if "gnustl_static" is not linked with the executable although "APP_STL := gnustl_static" is specified...
What am I missing here? Is there any way to force 'gnustl_static' to link ?
The make files for reference:
Makefile where all files are part of the same executable (WORKING)
Application.mk
APP_STL := gnustl_static
APP_ABI := all
APP_CFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
APP_CPPFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := 4.9
Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := ScreenCapSvc
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ScreenCapSvc.cpp SnapshotController.cpp SimpleTCPStream.cpp SocketsServer.cpp uuids.cpp
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_CFLAGS :=
LOCAL_CPPFLAGS :=
LOCAL_LDFLAGS :=
COMMON_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_SRC_FILES)
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
Makefiles where files are split into a static lib and executable that links against the lib
(NOT WORKING)
Executable Application.mk
APP_STL := gnustl_static
APP_ABI := all
APP_CFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
APP_CPPFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := 4.9
Executable Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := ScreenCapSvc
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ScreenCapSvc.cpp SnapshotController.cpp
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog -L$(PATH_TO_STATIC_LIB) -lCollections_statis
LOCAL_CFLAGS :=
LOCAL_CPPFLAGS :=
LOCAL_LDFLAGS :=
COMMON_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_SRC_FILES)
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
Static Lib Application.mk
APP_STL := gnustl_static
APP_ABI := all
APP_CFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
APP_CPPFLAGS := -std=gnu++11
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := 4.9
APP_MODULES := Collections-static Collections-shared
Static Lib Android.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := Collections-shared
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := SimpleTCPStream.cpp SocketsServer.cpp uuids.cpp
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_CFLAGS :=
LOCAL_CPPFLAGS :=
LOCAL_LDFLAGS :=
COMMON_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_SRC_FILES)
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := Collections-static
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(COMMON_SRC_FILES)
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)

This isn't a bug in the NDK build system, but it is an issue with how you are using it.
If you run ndk-build V=1, you see the actual commands that it tries to execute, and you'd see that it already tries to link in gnustl_static, but it links it in before linking in your own static library. The linker only tries libraries in the order they are specified on the linker command line, which means that it won't try to use the earlier specified gnustl_static library to resolve undefined references from a later library.
The correct solution here is to not use LOCAL_LDLIBS for forcing linking to a static library, but use the NDK provided infrastructure for linking to static libraries. That is, change your executable Android.mk like this:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := ScreenCapSvc
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ScreenCapSvc.cpp SnapshotController.cpp
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := Collections_static
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := Collections_static
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(PATH_TO_STATIC_LIB)/libCollections_static.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
This way, you include the static library into the build of the executable in the same way regardless if the static library is built as part of the same build, or is a prebuilt library.
This syntax also allows you to add LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES in the section for the static library, to add the right include path when building the executable, without having to manually add it to section for the executable.

It appears that indeed although "APP_STL := gnustl_static" is strictly specified at Application.mk of the Executable it is not really linked, to force gnustl_static to link I have added the following to LOCAL_LDLIBS of Android.mk
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -L$(NDK_ROOT)/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/libs/$(TARGET_ARCH_ABI) -lgnustl_static
Seems to me like a bug in the NDK build system...

Prebuild of static library failed

I try to set up an Android NDK build based on CMake scripts, which dynamically create the required Android make files. While I can't use the JNI folder structure I split the build process in several separated make scripts:
1st Create root Android.mk file located in project root:
#ANDROID ROOT MAKEFILE
LOCAL_PATH := D:/binrev/repository/bar
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
MY_LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DDEBUG
include D:/binrev/repository/bar/src/Android.mk
2nd Create source Android.mk file in project source folder and perform module build:
$(info "[INFO] Source Makefile invoked")
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := bar
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES:= D:/binrev/repository/bar/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := bar.cpp
ifeq (debug,"debug")
MY_LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DDEBUG
endif
ifeq (false,true)
LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm
endif
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := D:/binrev/repository/bar/include
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -landroid
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += foo
ifeq (OFF, ON)
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
else
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
endif
Basicly this mechanism works and I could compile my sources, but I fail if I try to include a Prebuild of a library. I tried the following ways to include a pre-build
of a static library (with modified source/include definitions):
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := foo
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := lib/android/$(TARGET_ARCH_ABI)/libfoo.a
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
1st Prebuild definition in source Android.mk file
2nd Call import-module mechanism and add Prebuild Android.mk file to prebuild-lib
3rd Prebuild definition in root Android.mk file
[Edit:] Here is the snipped of the call-import test which also fail:
$(info "[INFO] Source Makefile invoked")
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := bar
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES:= D:/binrev/repository/bar/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := bar.cpp
ifeq (debug,"debug")
MY_LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DDEBUG
endif
ifeq (false,true)
LOCAL_ARM_MODE := arm
endif
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := D:/binrev/repository/bar/include
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -landroid
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += foo
ifeq (ON, ON)
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
else
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
endif
$(call import-module, external-deps/foo)
In each case the Script with the prebuild-definition is invoked, but the prebuild
is not performed. When my NDK build has been compleded, the prebuild library and
objects are not copied to my obj folder. It seems to me that the prebuild is
completely ignored. But the path to prebuild sources are correct, otherwise the
compile fails with missing file error.
You could get the complete source of this test implementation here:
[Test projects][1]https://sourceforge.net/projects/binrevengine/files/publications/
Hint: The bar project is the project which tries to prebuild the foo project.
The foo project contains the prebuild sources.
The added tests projects could be build by your own using MinGW64 with GCC 4.7/4.8 in handshake with CMake and pre installed NDK (using r8e).
I completly get lost and running out of ideas ...
Thanks for any help.

The Android build system will not build a static library without it being used by a shared library. Just create a dummy shared library that has your static library as a dependency and voila:
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := dummy
LOCAL_PATH := $(LOCAL_PATH)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := dummy.c
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := foo
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

To exclude possible sources of defects I've reduced the Android make file to simplest case without using CMake generator of those files:
LOCAL_PATH := D:/binrev/repository/bar
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := foo-prebuilt
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := external-deps/foo/lib/android/$(TARGET_ARCH_ABI)/libfoo.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := bar
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES:= D:/binrev/repository/bar/include
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES+= D:/binrev/repository/bar/external-deps/foo/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := src/bar.cpp
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -landroid
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := foo-prebuilt
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
and:
LOCAL_PATH := D:/binrev/repository/foo
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := foo
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES:= D:/binrev/repository/foo/include
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := src/foo.cpp
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog
LOCAL_LDLIBS += -landroid
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
The failure still exists. The prebuild of the foo library is not executed. I also excluded MinGW64 as possible source of defect, if I try to build the project with Windows command line it results in same issue. The shared library is build, but the prebuild is not executed.
I checked my sources and scripts multiple times, but can't find any failure.
Any ideas what could be wrong or missing?

Android NDK: Including boost c++ library

I am trying to use a boost library inside my android application, using the NDK. I have found a couple of success stories here and here, but I can't say the same about me. I am specifically trying to use the library in this link, as well as the boost thread library. In the code below, I am only trying to include the thread library, not the math library. The process I used to build the boost libraries is pretty much the same as the first link I attached.
So far, it seems I have successfully built the boost libraries, but when I run ndk-build, I get the following error:
Prebuilt : libboost_thread.a <= <NDK>/sources/
cp: omitting directory `path/to/ndk/sources/boost'
make: *** [obj/local/armeabi/libboost_thread.a] Error 1
Obviously the cp: omitting directory... is not exactly an error. But the only thing I'm getting other than that is the next line, which doesn't really mean anything. Error 1
Here's my Android.mk file:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := boost_thread
LOCAL_LDLIBS := lboost_system-gcc-md lboost_thread-gcc-md -lgnustl_static
LOCAL_LDLIBS += lboost_system-gcc-md lboost_thread-gcc-md \
-L$(NDK_ROOT)/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/libs/armeabi \
-lgnustl_static
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := #cpp_sources
LOCAL_MODULE := com_example_ndkFile_CppMethods
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
$(call import-module,boost)
And there's also an Android.mk file in path/to/ndk/sources/boost/:
LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE:= boost_thread
LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= android/lib/libboost_thread.a
LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
And my humble Application.mk file:
APP_ABI := armeabi armeabi-v7a
APP_STL := gnustl_static
APP_CPPFLAGS = -fexceptions
I built the boost libraries using bjam. All of the libboost_###.a files are in the sources/boost/android/lib folder.
What is the error I'm getting?

I built the boost libraries using Boost-for-Android. Then I have in my boost/include/lib directory the android makefile boost.mk
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
# boost_date_time
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_date_time
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_date_time-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
# boost_filesystem
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_filesystem
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_filesystem-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
# boost_thread
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_thread
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_thread-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
# boost_system
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_system
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_system-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
# boost_program_options
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_program_options
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_program_options-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
# boost_chrono
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := boost_chrono
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libboost_chrono-gcc-mt-1_53.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
and my module where i use some of the boost libraries looks like this
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
# SignalServer, executable
#
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DTIXML_USE_TICPP
#LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DDEBUG
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := boost_thread \
boost_system \
boost_filesystem \
boost_program_options \
boost_chrono \
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += ticpp \
tia \
tobicore \
tobiid \
tid \
gdf
LOCAL_MODULE := signalserver
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $(LOCAL_PATH)/extern/include
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $(LOCAL_PATH)/../boost/include/boost-1_53
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := #cpp source
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
in addition I have an Android.mk where all subdir makefiles are listed
TOP_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(TOP_PATH)/boost/lib/boost.mk
include $(TOP_PATH)/signalserver/signalserver.mk
.
.
and my Application.mk:
APP_PLATFORM := android-14
APP_ABI := armeabi-v7a
#APP_OPTIM := debug
#NDK_DEBUG := 1
NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION := 4.6
APP_STL := gnustl_static
APP_CPPFLAGS := -fexceptions -frtti

Here: http://silverglint.com/boost-for-android/ you can find a simple script that lets you build a modern version of boost for android, or simply download prebuilt boost binaries.
Also included is a sample test app that shows you how to include/link the boost headers/binaries

ndk-build "member ... in archive is not an object"

I use this AES library (in C language),
http://gladman.plushost.co.uk/oldsite/AES/aes-src-16-04-07.zip
I follow this page and use the commds mentioned to compile libaes.a,
http://forums.devshed.com/c-programming-42/aes-encrypt-decrypt-in-c-687368.html
gcc -c -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer aescrypt.c aeskey.c aestab.c aes_modes.c
ar rcs libaes.a *.o
I can compile and run my program using the libaes.a without problem.
However if use ndk-build to compile my program (indeed modified a little),
I always get this error message and fail to compile...
"...member aes_modes.o in archive is not an object..."
what's wrong with that file?
Or what's wrong with the process?
my Android.mk :
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := libaes
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := libaes.a
include $(PREBUILT_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
LOCAL_LDLIBS := -L$(SYSROOT)/usr/lib -llog
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=\
/android-ndk-r6b/platforms/android-8/arch-arm/usr/include\
/android-ndk-r6b/samples/hello-jni/jni/libaes
LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libaes
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

I've a feeling that you compiled aes with native tools (x86) and using it as prebuild library. I've tried this Android.mk and it works:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := aes
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := aes/aescrypt.c aes/aeskey.c aes/aestab.c aes/aes_modes.c
include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := jni/aes
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := aes
LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
Just unzip aes-src-16-04-07.zip into jni/aes. I think it is better to use ndk build system because it can set all necesary options.
And hello-jni.c (just in case):
#include <aes.h>
void test() {
aes_init();
}