About Android Mobile Application Realtime Architecture? - android

In terms of Android mobile development's extends Application, would it be possible to create a Websocket listener (Socket.IO, etc) in the application for notification, while also creating a flag in the extends Application class, while ALSO having the class or fragment of some sorts that displays the actual data to have a while loop of the flag from the extends Application class to lets say refresh the data display? Or is extends Application static in a way and the live time updates cannot work?

From what I know, yes. Yes it is possible to utilise the Application class to listen for external events. Application instance lives alongside your app. So in theory it is feasible to use it as a somewhat listener and then dispatch the events to the currently resumed Activity/Fragment.
That said, I don't think deriving Application just to act as a listener would deemed as a good practice. Android has provided the Service class which was built for these use-cases in mind. Put simply, they act just like Activity but without any UI whatsoever.
It is where I think would be the best place to listen for events. You could then command the aforementioned Service to fire off a Broadcast whenever an event of interest is being detected. After all of that, what is left is to assign a BroadcastReceiver in your Activity/Fragment and update its state according to the event you've just received.

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Android - Determine App Launches and Total Time as Top Activity

I am working on a solution or code that can be embedded inside of an Android APK to track how many times the app has been launched and how long the app has ran for. I know one way to do this is using the ActivityLifecycleMethods in API 14 and in lower versions of Android having code placed in all Activity Lifecycle events or by providing a base Activity class.
1) Is there a way to hook the ActivityLifecycleMethods without the developer having to make any changes to their code outside of dropping additional code into their App?
I believe this answer is no because even with an Enum Singleton it is not loaded until it is referenced. Also the Enum Singleton will go away once the activity is changed since a different class loader is used when activities change.
If I wanted to keep the Enum Singleton around would it be possible to store a reference to the applicationContext and thus it wouldn't be removed when the Activity changes? Is that what google means by
"There is normally no need to subclass Application. In most situation, static singletons can provide the same functionality in a more modular way. If your singleton needs a global context (for example to register broadcast receivers), the function to retrieve it can be given a Context which internally uses Context.getApplicationContext() when first constructing the singleton." on http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Application.html
2) I am not a fan of this solution for older API versions. It seems very likely developers could forget to modify their Activity Lifecycle methods or forget to inherit from the created BaseActivity. Are there any other unique solutions for these older platforms? Is there any other approaches that can be done to determine when an activity isn't running? Could any of the following work:
a) User a class loader to ensure the base activity with the proper metrics are always used
b) Implement some type of heart beat. Will a timer stop working if the app is paused or killed? Is there some other way? Could the ActivityManager be used?
You have many Analytic Agents like Flurry to do that.
When ever you want to track an event, you will add it to flurry and inturn it syncs with server after specific time.
You may use the same logic.
Better create a library file with following features:
Start Application
End Application and report time to db.
Track a specific event count and update to db.
Sync the data to server you like to.
Call appropriate events from your app.

Android BlutoothChat, making class instance available across other activities

I'm messing around with one of the Android Samples Bluetooth chat, im relatively new to Android so I'm here to get users opinions, In the main activity class and instance of the class "BluetoothChatService mChatService" is created this does all the controlling of the bluetooth connectivity,
Now I have created a new Activity that launches a page of buttons, these buttons will send certain hardcoded messages depending on which one is pressed, aseen as "mChatService" has been initiated and is handling the connection I would like to make this class instance available in my newly created Activity so I can send messages straight away,
What is the best practices to make this available?, I have read about Serializing the class (which wont work in this instance) so I can pass it in with the Intent, and also singletons?
Can anyone advice what way this SHOULD be done?
Thanks!
If you can't make your class Serializable you could use Parcelable and do intent.putExtra() when sending and intent.getExtras().getParelable() on the receiving end.
Passing a reference to a Bluetooth class might get tricky. You would probably be better handling the message sending back in the original activity.

Is there a way to create a controlling instance that controls several activities of my app?

I work on a project that has several developers.
We work on one rather large app.
Every developer has several activities that can be seen as sub-apps of the whole main-app.
I do realize, that this may not be the best design, but it exists and we have to handle it somehow.
Now the main issue is, that we need a master, that is always active and checks I/Os etc and that can give out status changes to every sub-app/activity. Something like "we just lost internet connection" etc.
Right now, that master is a singleton, that is first instantiated by the launcher activity and that every activity/sub-app can register to by passing the appropriate interfaces depending on what updates the activity would like to receive.
This is working, however it doesn’t feel right, because the singleton needs context to access system resources to determine system stati like internet or gps. Should the singleton be killed by OS, than a simple "getInstance" wouldn’t do much good, because the singleton would somehow need to acquire a context. I've read about extending the Application class and creating a static member context there, but this variable had to be volatile AND its possible that it returns null if the entire app is in some restart-after-crash/kill state. It doesn’t feel safe.
In addition, there should also be a possibility that the master somehow opens a user-dialog to display warnings etc to the user. Those warnings should look the same across the entire app and no dev should have to worry about when or why it suddenly pops up. Right now, those messages appear as custom toasts that overlay everything. Of course they require context and if the app is about to close there could be a problem.
All in all, that’s the mess we are in and I’m looking for a solution.
So how do I create a safe master object or activity (or even service ?!) that can pass info to different activities and post warnings etc (and Maybe even has the ability to close activities or at least order them to close themselves without the need to register a can_close interface).
It should be that safe, that if after a crash android only restarts the activity that was active it somehow manages to also be restarted or at least have/give the same info as before.
Every idea is welcome but total overhauls of the app are just not possible (lack of time and manpower)
Here are a few ideas:
Create a Service component for all the monitoring you need to do.
If I understand correctly, this service will be required only if
some of the activities are running. So you can make it a bound
service. Let all activities bind to this service when they start
and unbind when they close. The service will be started when the
first activity binds.
Create a base class for all your activities. You can write all the common code here. e.g. the code to bind to and exchange messages
with the master service. This class can also contain utility methods
for notifying user etc. So all activities will use the same method
for notification.
For user notifications, you could either use Status Bar Notification or create a Fragment which can capture, aggregate
and display the notifications. You can have a common menu item
implemented in the base Activity class to show/hide this Fragment.
If you use Status Bar Notification, make sure you use one aggregated
notification for your app. Otherwise, the different activities might
create a clutter in the status bar.
I guess that one solution would be to create a service that serve as the master.
You will have to make it run independently of the different activities (but don't forget to manage own to shut it down neatly if the app is no longer used, you don't want to kill your clients battery).
A service can't act on the interface though, so you will probably need to broadcast messages to the activities to order them to open a dialog.
A final thought : Toasts are ok but popup that block the interface are very bad, especially on a mobile device.

Using a Handler in multiple Activities

I am developing an application which has around 8 Activities, and a class which is used to connect/receive data to/from an embedded Bluetooth chip. When I started, a Bluetooth object was initialized in my initial Activity, where there was a Handler which received messages from the Bluetooth object.
After poking around on the internet for a while, it seems like the best idea for me is to turn my class into an Application subclass. However, doing this removes the need for me to initialize an object in the MainMenu, which removes my ability to pass it the Handler used.
Does anyone know of a way to eliminate the need for a Handler, so that every time the Bluetooth Application changes it state or receives data, the current Activity can access it?
My main problem with this approach is that the Activity doesn't know when the Bluetooth Application will be sending it messages, the Application waits and listens, and then notifies the Activity when it happens.
OR
Is it bad practice for me to write the Handler into the MainMenu, have it handle messages for ALL the different activities, and then pass the Handler from Activity to Activity?
I'm going to assume that you're trying to achieve the following as it's a little unclear from your question your ultimate aim (sorry!):
Your application has several activities but only one Activity receives the data from the bluetooth device.
The other activities in in your application require the data from the bluetooth device but are not receiving it directly from the bluetooth device. Currently you're providing the data via the one activity mentioned above.
You want to NOT use a Handler to achieve this.
If my above assumptions are correct then you are going along the correct lines but you probably do not want to use a Handler.
You are quite correct in having one Activity handle all the interactions with the Bluetooth device. It simplifies things and provides a much better, cleaner way of handling the Bluetooth device. However you need to get the data from this one Activity to all the others and to achieve this you would probably want to use Broadcasts, BroadcastReceivers and Intents. See here for an overview.
However if you can you might want to take a look at using LocalBroadcastManager as this keeps any broadcasts within your own app's space. Broadcasts are global and should be avoided if you do not need to pass the data outside of your own app due to security implications.
Finally, have you considered using Fragments for your other Activities? Another disadvantage with Broadcasts is there is extra overhead associated with them. If you're keeping data within your app then you can create an interface to be implemented by each of your Fragments and your main activity just calls that interface on the Fragment that is currently selected.
You can use BroadcastReceiver class to send broadcast messages to your activities. see here http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/BroadcastReceiver.html
When you get the data you need into the application class, you can send it to the activity you want.. just make sure that the activity has registered to receive that broadcast message..

How can I pass an event from Application to Activity in Android?

I've got a little gap in my knowledge here and I want to make sure I do it right before writing all the wrong code.
I have an Android app that extends Application to set up some core functions for a TCP client. There are a few different Activity screens that should interact with Application. What I'm stuck on, is what to do when a data packet is received by Application. I want to relay it to the currently-visible Activity, whatever it is.
Coming from a C# background, I'd just create an Event in the Application, and simply subscribe to that event when an Activity is created. But I'm getting confused with Java Listeners, Handlers, ...
What's the best way to go about that? Should I be doing a Service instead? (But I don't really care if the TCP connection is killed when the app is not shown.)
I would go with a LocalBroadcastManager (documentation) approach.
Create one of those puppies in your Application class, and register/unregister your Activity objects in onStart and onStop. See Context.registerReceiver. Note that this requires using Intents, which might be too restrictive/heavy-weight for your application; packing/unpacking data can be a chore.
Alternatively, you don't have to use any specific android class to do it--just keep track of what Activity your program is in by calls to your Application in onStart and onStop. Might help clean your code if you make all of your activities-of-interest extend a subclass of Activity that contains this logic.

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