Develop Reference

Android BLE characteristic.getProperties returns 16 what does it mean?

Hi i am trying to read the data from BLE Blood glucose meter. when I am trying to read the characteristics of "00002a18-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb" which is nothing but BLOOD_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT UUID, characteristic.getProperties method returns 16 and my onCharacteristicRead method itself is not getting called. Please help me how to read BLOOD_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT characteristics.
private final ExpandableListView.OnChildClickListener servicesListClickListner =
new ExpandableListView.OnChildClickListener() {
#Override
public boolean onChildClick(ExpandableListView parent, View v, int groupPosition,
int childPosition, long id) {
if (mGattCharacteristics != null) {
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic =
mGattCharacteristics.get(groupPosition).get(childPosition);
final int charaProp = characteristic.getProperties();
if ((charaProp | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ) > 0) {
// If there is an active notification on a characteristic, clear
// it first so it doesn't update the data field on the user interface.
if (mNotifyCharacteristic != null) {
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(
mNotifyCharacteristic, false);
mNotifyCharacteristic = null;
}
mBluetoothLeService.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
if ((charaProp | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) > 0) {
mNotifyCharacteristic = characteristic;
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(
characteristic, true);
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
And my readCharacteristic method is
public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if(data != null && data.length > 0){
final char[] out = new char[data.length * 3 - 1];
for(int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
int v = data[j] & 0xFF;
out[j * 3] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
out[j * 3 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
if(j != data.length - 1)
out[j * 3 + 2] = '-';
}
}
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
And my setCharacteristicNotification method is this:
public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
boolean enabled) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
for (BluetoothGattService service : mBluetoothGatt.getServices()) {
if ((service == null) || (service.getUuid() == null)) {
continue;
}
if (SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_SERVICE.equalsIgnoreCase(service
.getUuid().toString())) {
BluetoothGattCharacteristic charGM =
mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_SERVICE))
.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT));
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(charGM, enabled);
BluetoothGattDescriptor descGM = charGM.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descGM.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descGM);
BluetoothGattCharacteristic charGMC =
mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_SERVICE))
.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT_context));
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(charGMC, enabled);
BluetoothGattDescriptor descGMC = charGMC.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descGMC.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descGMC);
BluetoothGattCharacteristic charRACP =
mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.BLOOD_GLUCOSE_SERVICE))
.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.RECORD_ACCESS_CONTROL_POINT));
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(charRACP, enabled);
BluetoothGattDescriptor descRACP = charRACP.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descRACP.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descRACP);
/*BluetoothGattCharacteristic charBarrery =
mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.SERVICE_BATTERY_SERVICE))
.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CHAR_BATTERY_LEVEL));
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(charBarrery, enabled);
BluetoothGattDescriptor descBarrery = charBarrery.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
descBarrery.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descBarrery);*/
/* runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
btnUpdateData.setEnabled(true);
};
});*/
}
}
}

characteristic.getProperties() returns 16,
which is the value of BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY.
You have set the characteristic notification,
if ((charaProp | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_NOTIFY) > 0) {
mNotifyCharacteristic = characteristic;
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(
characteristic, true);
}
You need to call readCharacteristic(desiredCharacteristic) now.
Or/And on onDescriptorWrite() callback.
Edit:
After calling
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
You need to receive the data on onCharacteristicRead() callback
onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, ..., ...){
final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if(data != null && data.length > 0){
final char[] out = new char[data.length * 3 - 1];
for(int j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
int v = data[j] & 0xFF;
out[j * 3] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
out[j * 3 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
if(j != data.length - 1)
out[j * 3 + 2] = '-';
}
}
}

16 is the constant value for notify.
You can use this function check wether or not a characteristic usage fits yours.
attr should be filled with one of these constant values:
public static final int PROPERTY_EXTENDED_PROPS = 128;
public static final int PROPERTY_INDICATE = 32;
public static final int PROPERTY_NOTIFY = 16;
public static final int PROPERTY_READ = 2;
public static final int PROPERTY_SIGNED_WRITE = 64;
public static final int PROPERTY_WRITE = 8;
public static final int PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = 4;
private boolean checkForCharacteristicProperty(BluetoothGattCharacteristic chara, int attr) {
return chara != null && ((chara.getProperties() & attr) != 0);
}

Android BLE Characteristic setValue Unable To Write Correct Data

I am trying to develop an Android App that connects to my NRF51822 based system using BLE. The aim is to write a 3 byte value (RGB) to a my custom characteristic.
Android is the GATT client and NRF51 based device is GATT server.
I am able to establish the ble connection and discover my characteristic successfully.
However the data sending part (setValue) is giving me troubles. No matter what 3 bytes I write, I get the same constant data on the NRF51 side
Below is my rellevant code (Android)
#Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
Log.d("BLENotifier", "BLE GAT : SERVICES DISCOVERED");
for(BluetoothGattService gs: gatt.getServices()) {
Log.d("BLENotifier", "SERVICE = " + gs.getUuid().toString());
}
//SELECT MY CHARACTERSTIC
ble_my_characterstic = gatt.getService(ble_service_uuid).getCharacteristic(ble_characterstic_uuid);
Log.d("BLENotifier", "BLE SELECTED CHARACTERSTIC " + ble_my_characterstic.getUuid().toString());
ble_connected = true;
}
public void writedata(String data){
//WRITE DATA TO MY CHARACTERSTIC
if(ble_my_characterstic != null && ble_connected == true){
my_gatt_handle.executeReliableWrite();
//ble_my_characterstic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);
ble_my_characterstic.setValue(hexStringToByteArray(data));
my_gatt_handle.writeCharacteristic(ble_my_characterstic);
Log.d("BLENotifier", "BLE WRITE DATA " + data);
}
public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
int len = s.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
}
Log.d("BLENotifier", "hexStringToByteArray " + Integer.toString((int)data[0]) + " " + Integer.toString((int)data[1]) + " " + Integer.toString((int)data[2]));
return data;
}
I am invoking the writeData method as ble_handle.writedata("0000FF")
This is what I get on the NRF51 side
R = 4 | G = 239 | B= 1
Thanks

I did like this.Not exact answer but may help you.
#Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status)
{
List<BluetoothGattService> services = gatt.getServices();
Log.i("onServicesDiscovered", services.toString());
keepConnect=services.get(3).getCharacteristics().get(0);
if(keepConnect!=null){
writeCharacteristic(gatt,keepConnect);
}
}
private void writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic)
{
byte[] byteData = hexToBytes("6fd362e40ebcd0945bf58dc4");
byte[] writeData = new byte[byteData.length];
for (int i = 0; i < byteData.length; i++) {
writeData[i] = byteData[i];
}
characteristic.setValue(writeData);
gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
public static byte[] hexToBytes(String hexRepresentation) {
int len = hexRepresentation.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexRepresentation.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(hexRepresentation.charAt(i + 1), 16));
}
return data;
}

Unable to get the beacon information in my Android app?

I am new to Beacon and trying to develop proximity Android app using iBeacon.
I have purchased iBeacon from one of the manufacturer in China so I am trying to develop the proximity app where if I found the beacon in the range it show send some notification to the customer. I have tried Android Beacon Library
but it is not giving any result .
If anybody could help me how can I use it if I am doing something wrong. I have used MonitoringActivity sample code to test .. but nothing worked .
Please help me .
Here is the code
Blockquote
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
ArrayList<BeaconParser> beaconParsers = new ArrayList<BeaconParser>();
beaconParsers.add(new BeaconParser().setBeaconLayout(ALTBEACON_LAYOUT));
Log.d("Scanned count ====",scanRecord.length+"");
String lRawdata="";
BLE ble=new BLE();
temp_flag=0;
//int url_flag=0;
String deviceName=device.getName();
String deviceAddress=device.getAddress();
Log.d("DEVICE NAME",device.toString());
Log.d("Address",deviceAddress);
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
while (startByte <= 5)
{
if ( ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15)
{ //Identifies correct data length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
if (patternFound)
{
//Convert to hex String
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
//UUID detection
uuid = hexString.substring(0,8) + "-" +
hexString.substring(8,12) + "-" +
hexString.substring(12,16) + "-" +
hexString.substring(16,20) + "-" +
hexString.substring(20,32);
// major
int majorValue = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);
// minor
int minorValue = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);
major = majorValue+"";
minor = minorValue+"";
Log.i("DATA OF DEVICE","UUID: " +uuid + "nmajor: " +major +"nminor" +minor);
}
// if(tcz_flag1==1 || tcz_flag2==1 || tcz_flag3==1) {
ble.setDeviceName(deviceName);
ble.setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress);
ble.setRssi(String.valueOf(rssi));
ble.setUuid(uuid);
ble.setMajor(major);
ble.setMinor(minor);
// ble.setNamespaceid(namespaceid);
// ble.setInstanceid(instanceid);
int flag = 0;
int index = 0;
if (bleArrayList.size() > 0) {
for (BLE b : bleArrayList) {
if (deviceName != "TCZ") {
if (b.getDeviceAddress().equals(ble.getDeviceAddress())) {
flag = 1;
bleArrayList.set(index, ble);
}
index++;
}
}
}
if (flag == 0) {
bleArrayList.add(ble);
}
if (bleAdapter == null) {
bleAdapter = new BLEAdapter(getApplicationContext(), bleArrayList);
listView.setAdapter(bleAdapter);
}
Comparator<BLE> bleArraylistComparator = new Comparator<BLE>() {
#Override
public int compare(BLE lhs, BLE rhs) {
String strRssi = lhs.getRssi();
String strRssi2 = rhs.getRssi();
return strRssi.compareToIgnoreCase(strRssi2);
}
};
Collections.sort(bleArrayList, bleArraylistComparator);
bleAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
// }
}
});
}
};

Android. How do I set UUID Beacon value to proper textview?

This is a silly question, but I have a code which is giving me list of beacons with their names, addresses, uuids, majors and minors in TextView. I'm calculating uuid, major and minor values(in code below). And when I'm setting these three values into TextView they are swaping with other beacon values. So my question is, how do I set proper uuid, major and minor value to the proper beacon?
Link with the example:
http://i.stack.imgur.com/vlepI.jpg
I have got two beacons. Names and adresses are correct, but as you can see uuid, major minor are the same and during scanning they keep swapping with each other beacon values.
Code is given below.
DeviceScanActivity
public class DeviceScanActivity extends ListActivity {
private LeDeviceListAdapter mLeDeviceListAdapter;
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
private boolean mScanning;
private Handler mHandler;
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);
mHandler = new Handler();
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
(BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return;
}
}
#Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_scan:
mLeDeviceListAdapter.clear();
scanLeDevice(true);
break;
case R.id.menu_stop:
scanLeDevice(false);
break;
}
return true;
}
#Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
}
mLeDeviceListAdapter = new LeDeviceListAdapter();
setListAdapter(mLeDeviceListAdapter);
scanLeDevice(true);
}
#Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
// User chose not to enable Bluetooth.
if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
finish();
return;
}
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
#Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
scanLeDevice(false);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.clear();
}
#Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
final BluetoothDevice device = mLeDeviceListAdapter.getDevice(position);
if (device == null) return;
//final Intent intent = new Intent(this, DeviceControlActivity.class);
if (mScanning) {
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
mScanning = false;
}
//startActivity(intent);
}
private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
if (enable) {
// Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
mScanning = false;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
}, SCAN_PERIOD);
mScanning = true;
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
} else {
mScanning = false;
mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
}
invalidateOptionsMenu();
}
private class LeDeviceListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private ArrayList<BluetoothDevice> mLeDevices;
private LayoutInflater mInflator;
public LeDeviceListAdapter() {
super();
mLeDevices = new ArrayList<BluetoothDevice>();
mInflator = DeviceScanActivity.this.getLayoutInflater();
}
public void addDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
if(!mLeDevices.contains(device)) {
mLeDevices.add(device);
}
}
public BluetoothDevice getDevice(int position) {
return mLeDevices.get(position);
}
public void clear() {
mLeDevices.clear();
}
#Override
public int getCount() {
return mLeDevices.size();
}
#Override
public Object getItem(int i) {
return mLeDevices.get(i);
}
#Override
public long getItemId(int i) {
return i;
}
#Override
public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (view == null) {
view = mInflator.inflate(R.layout.listitem_device, null);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.deviceAddress = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_address);
viewHolder.deviceName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_name);
viewHolder.deviceUUID = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_uuid);
viewHolder.deviceMajor = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_major);
viewHolder.deviceMinor = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_minor);
view.setTag(viewHolder);
} else {
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
BluetoothDevice device = mLeDevices.get(i);
final String deviceName = device.getName();
if (deviceName != null && deviceName.length() > 0)
viewHolder.deviceName.setText(deviceName);
else
viewHolder.deviceName.setText(R.string.unknown_device);
viewHolder.deviceAddress.setText(device.getAddress());
viewHolder.deviceUUID.setText(uuid);
viewHolder.deviceMajor.setText(major);
viewHolder.deviceMinor.setText(minor);
return view;
}
}
public String uuid;
public int major_temp;
public int minor_temp;
public String major;
public String minor;
public static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
}
return new String(hexChars);
}
public BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
while (startByte <= 5) {
if ( ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { //Identifies correct data length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
if (patternFound) {
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte+4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
//Here is your UUID
uuid = hexString.substring(0,8) + "-" +
hexString.substring(8,12) + "-" +
hexString.substring(12,16) + "-" +
hexString.substring(16,20) + "-" +
hexString.substring(20,32);
major_temp = (scanRecord[startByte+20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte+21] & 0xff);
major = Integer.toString(major_temp);
minor_temp = (scanRecord[startByte+22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte+23] & 0xff);
minor = Integer.toString(minor_temp);
// TextView textView1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.device_uuid);
// textView1.setText(uuid+" Major: " + major + " Minor: " + minor);
}
}
};
static class ViewHolder {
TextView deviceName;
TextView deviceAddress;
TextView deviceUUID;
TextView deviceMajor;
TextView deviceMinor;
}
}
And layout file:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView android:id="#+id/device_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="24dp"/>
<TextView android:id="#+id/device_address"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12dp"/>
<TextView android:id="#+id/device_uuid"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12dp"/>
<TextView android:id="#+id/device_major"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12dp"/>
<TextView android:id="#+id/device_minor"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

There's a problem in how you handle the beacons found. Just take a careful look at where you assign any value for the UUID, major and minor and what goes to the ListAdapter.
In your LeScanCallback you add any found Bluetooth LE devices into the list adapter. You add them as a BluetoothDevice which is just a generic model and knows nothing about the iBeacon specific UUID, major and minor.
You then exctract the UUID, major and minor into member variables of the class. This is done always when the found BluetoothDevice is recognised as an iBeacon. At any time you are storing just one set of UUID, major and minor. They are always values of the latest iBeacon found.
So instead of having a list of BluetoothDevices you could create a simple class representing an iBeacon with the UUID, major, minor and maybe RSSI and TxPower if you want to do any distance estimation later on. Then in the scan callback do not add BluetoothDevices to the list but add iBeacons at the end of the pattern checking code. Something like:
public BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
/* Remove:
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
*/
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
while (startByte <= 5) {
if (((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { //Identifies correct data length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
if (patternFound) {
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
//Here is your UUID
uuid = hexString.substring(0, 8) + "-" +
hexString.substring(8, 12) + "-" +
hexString.substring(12, 16) + "-" +
hexString.substring(16, 20) + "-" +
hexString.substring(20, 32);
major_temp = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);
major = Integer.toString(major_temp);
minor_temp = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);
minor = Integer.toString(minor_temp);
// Add:
IBeacon iBeacon = new IBeacon(uuid, major, minor);
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(iBeacon);
mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
});
}
}
}
Then change your list adapter to use iBeacon objects and not BluetoothDevice objects and fix your code in getView(). At the moment you read the UUID, major and minor from the said member variables where they always have the values of the latest iBeacon found.
So instead read the values from the mLeDevices list which now holds iBeacon objects. Something like:
#Override
public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (view == null) {
view = mInflator.inflate(R.layout.listitem_device, null);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.deviceAddress = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_address);
viewHolder.deviceName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_name);
viewHolder.deviceUUID = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_uuid);
viewHolder.deviceMajor = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_major);
viewHolder.deviceMinor = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.device_minor);
view.setTag(viewHolder);
} else {
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
BluetoothDevice device = mLeDevices.get(i);
final String deviceName = device.getName();
if (deviceName != null && deviceName.length() > 0) {
viewHolder.deviceName.setText(deviceName);
}
else {
viewHolder.deviceName.setText(R.string.unknown_device);
}
viewHolder.deviceAddress.setText(device.getAddress());
// Change these:
viewHolder.deviceUUID.setText(device.getUuid);
viewHolder.deviceMajor.setText(device.getMajor);
viewHolder.deviceMinor.setText(device.getMinor);
return view;
}
You would then need to modify your list adapter's addDevice to compare IBeacon objects instead of BluetoothDevice objects.
public void addDevice(IBeacon device) {
// This probably won't without some extra work:
if(!mLeDevices.contains(device)) {
mLeDevices.add(device);
}
}

Unable to receive values more than 255 on Android device from Arduino

I am developing an application to receive data on an Android device from an Arduino. It displays values only up to 255 when I convert it to integer, but I want those values which are sent by the Arduino board. I have tried converting them to strings but that didn't work either.
How can I solve this problem?
Here's the code running on the Android device:
package pkg.MultipleDataReceiveFromArduinoArray;
import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import pkg.MultipleDataReceiveFromArduino.R;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.android.future.usb.UsbAccessory;
import com.android.future.usb.UsbManager;
public class MultipleDataReceiveFromArduinoActivity extends
Activity implements Runnable {
private TextView txtReceivedBytes;
private TextView txtWaterLitres;
private TextView txtSensor1;
private TextView txtSensor2;
private TextView txtSensor3;
private EditText etCallibrationValue;
private Button btnSetCallibrationValue;
private static final String ACTION_USB_PERMISSION =
"com.google.android.DemoKit.action.USB_PERMISSION";
private UsbManager mUsbManager;
private PendingIntent mPermissionIntent;
private boolean mPermissionRequestPending;
private UsbAccessory mAccessory;
private ParcelFileDescriptor mFileDescriptor;
private FileInputStream mInputStream;
private FileOutputStream mOutputStream;
int countWaterVol = 0;
private int intCallibrationValue = 270;
private static final int MESSAGE_TEMPERATURE = 1;
private static final int MESSAGE_HUMIDITY = 2;
private static final int MESSAGE_WATERLEVEL = 3;
private static final byte COMMAND_OPEN_DOOR = 0x01;
private static final byte COMMAND_CLOSE_DOOR = 0x02;
protected class TelemetryPacket {
private int value;
public TelemetryPacket(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public int getValue() {
return value;
}
}
private int composeInt(byte hi, byte lo) {
int val = (int) hi & 0xff;
val *= 256;
val += (int) lo & 0xff;
return val;
}
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
txtReceivedBytes=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtReceivedBytes);
txtWaterLitres =(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtWaterLitres);
txtSensor1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtSensor1);
txtSensor2 =(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtSensor2);
txtSensor3 =(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtSensor3);
etCallibrationValue = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.etCallibrationValue);
btnSetCallibrationValue =
(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSetCallibrationValue);
setupAccessory();
btnSetCallibrationValue.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
intCallibrationValue =
Integer.parseInt(etCallibrationValue.getText().toString());
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
"Callibration Value:" + intCallibrationValue,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
#Override
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
if (mAccessory != null) {
return mAccessory;
} else {
return super.onRetainNonConfigurationInstance();
}
}
#Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (mInputStream != null && mOutputStream != null) {
// streams were not null");
return;
}
// streams were null");
UsbAccessory[] accessories = mUsbManager.getAccessoryList();
UsbAccessory accessory = (accessories == null ? null : accessories[0]);
if (accessory != null) {
if (mUsbManager.hasPermission(accessory)) {
openAccessory(accessory);
} else {
synchronized (mUsbReceiver) {
if (!mPermissionRequestPending) {
mUsbManager.requestPermission(
accessory, mPermissionIntent);
mPermissionRequestPending = true;
}
}
}
} else {
// null accessory
}
}
#Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
}
#Override
public void onDestroy() {
unregisterReceiver(mUsbReceiver);
super.onDestroy();
}
Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
#Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//TelemetryPacket p = (TelemetryPacket) msg.obj;
ValueMsg t = (ValueMsg) msg.obj;
txtReceivedBytes.setText("Received Bytes: "+t.getRet());
if (t.getReading4()==1) {
countWaterVol = countWaterVol+1;
txtWaterLitres.setText("Water Produced in Litres:"+
(countWaterVol+"\n"+"Interrupt Signal"+t.getReading3());
} else {
}
txtSensor1.setText("S 1: "+t.getReading1()+","+
"Reading 2: "+t.getReading2());
txtSensor2.setText("S 3: "+t.getReading3()+","+
"Reading 4: "+t.getReading4());
txtSensor3.setText("S 5: "+t.getReading5()+","+
"Reading 6: "+t.getReading6());
Alets alerts = new Alets();
}
};
private void setupAccessory() {
mUsbManager = UsbManager.getInstance(this);
mPermissionIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent(
ACTION_USB_PERMISSION), 0);
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION);
filter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED);
registerReceiver(mUsbReceiver, filter);
if (getLastNonConfigurationInstance() != null) {
mAccessory = (UsbAccessory) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
openAccessory(mAccessory);
}
}
private void openAccessory(UsbAccessory accessory) {
mFileDescriptor = mUsbManager.openAccessory(accessory);
if (mFileDescriptor != null) {
mAccessory = accessory;
FileDescriptor fd = mFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
mInputStream = new FileInputStream(fd);
mOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fd);
Thread thread = new Thread(null, this, "OpenAccessoryTest");
thread.start();
// Accessory opened
} else {
// failed to open accessory
}
}
private void closeAccessory() {
try {
if (mFileDescriptor != null) {
mFileDescriptor.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
} finally {
mFileDescriptor = null;
mAccessory = null;
}
}
public void run() {
int ret = 0;
//byte[] buffer = new byte[16384];
byte[] buffer = new byte[65536];
int i;
while (true) { // read data
try {
ret = mInputStream.read(buffer);
//ret= ret/3;
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
i = 0;
while (i < ret) {
int len = ret - i;
// if (len >= 1) {
int value = (int) buffer[0];
Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler);
m.obj = new ValueMsg('f',value,ret,buffer[1],buffer[2],
buffer[3],buffer[4],buffer[5]);
mHandler.sendMessage(m);
i += 1;
}
}
}
public static final long unsignedIntToLong(byte[] b)
{
long l = 0;
l |= b[0] & 0xFF;
l <<= 8;
l |= b[1] & 0xFF;
l <<= 8;
l |= b[2] & 0xFF;
l <<= 8;
l |= b[3] & 0xFF;
return l;
}
public static int unsignedByteToInt(byte b) {
return (int) b & 0x10;
}
private final BroadcastReceiver mUsbReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (ACTION_USB_PERMISSION.equals(action)) {
synchronized (this) {
UsbAccessory accessory = UsbManager.getAccessory(intent);
if (intent.getBooleanExtra(
UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED, false)) {
openAccessory(accessory);
} else {
// USB permission denied
}
}
} else if (UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED.equals(action)) {
UsbAccessory accessory = UsbManager.getAccessory(intent);
if (accessory != null && accessory.equals(mAccessory)) {
// accessory detached
closeAccessory();
}
}
}
};
}
And here's the Arduino code (sketch):
#include <Usb.h>
#include <adk.h>
uint8_t b;
USB Usb;
ADK adk(&Usb,
"Ashok Kateshiya", // Manufacturer Name
"analog TEST", // Model Name
"TDS test ", // Description (user-visible string)
"0.1", // Version
"http://www.ashokkateshiya.co.cc",
"123456789"); // Serial Number (optional)
#define tds_pin A15
#define flow_pin 22
#define LLS_pin 49
float avg[10];
float value = 0;
int count;
int pin_state = 0, pin_old_state = 0;
int pulse_counter = 0;
int LLS_state;
int LLS_flag = 0;
int sensor_flag = 0;
int timer_flag = 0;
uint8_t msg[7] = { 0x00 };
uint16_t len = sizeof(msg);
uint8_t rcode;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.print("\r\nADK demo start");
if (Usb.Init() == -1)
{
Serial.print("\r\nOSCOKIRQ failed to assert");
while(1); // halt
}
pinMode(tds_pin, INPUT);
pinMode(flow_pin, INPUT);
pinMode(LLS_pin, INPUT);
digitalWrite(LLS_pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(flow_pin, HIGH);
TIMSK1 = 0x01;
TCCR1A = 0x00;
TCNT1 = 0x85EF;
TCCR1B = 0x05;
}
void loop()
{
Usb.Task();
if (adk.isReady() == false)
{
return;
}
TDS();
flow();
LLS();
}
void TDS()
{
for (count = 0; count < 10; count++)
{
avg[count] = analogRead(tds_pin);
}
for (count = 0; count < 10; count ++)
{
if (count == 0)
{
value = avg[count];
}
else
{
value = value + avg[count];
}
}
if (len > 0)
{
msg[0] = 0x1;
msg[1] = value/10;
rcode = adk.SndData (6, msg );
Serial.print("TDS 0 : ");
Serial.println(msg[0]);
Serial.print("TDS 1 : ");
Serial.println(msg[1]);
delay(10);
}
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
USBTRACE2("DATA rcv :", rcode);
}
void flow()
{
pin_state = digitalRead(flow_pin);
if (pin_state == LOW)
{
pin_old_state = pin_state;
}
if ((pin_state == HIGH) && (pin_old_state == LOW))
{
pin_old_state = pin_state;
pulse_counter = (pulse_counter + 1);
sensor_flag = 1;
}
if ((pulse_counter / 25 == 1) && (sensor_flag == 1))
{
pulse_counter = 0;
sensor_flag = 0;
msg[2] = 0x2;
msg[3] = 1;
rcode = adk.SndData (6, msg );
Serial.print("value :");
Serial.println(msg[3]);
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
{
USBTRACE2 ("USB DATA : ", rcode);
}
}
else
{
msg[2] = 0x2;
msg[3] = 0;
rcode = adk.SndData (6, msg );
Serial.print("value :");
Serial.println(msg[3]);
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
{
USBTRACE2 ("USB DATA : ", rcode);
}
}
delay(10);
}
void LLS()
{
LLS_state = digitalRead(LLS_pin);
if (LLS_state != 0)
{
if (len > 0)
{
msg[4] = 0x3;
msg[5] = 0x0;
rcode = adk.SndData (6, msg );
Serial.print("LLS 4 : ");
Serial.println(msg[4]);
Serial.print("LLS 5 : ");
Serial.println(msg[5]);
}
}
else
{
msg[4] = 0x3;
msg[5] = 0x1;
rcode = adk.SndData (6, msg );
Serial.print("LLS 0 : ");
Serial.println(msg[4]);
Serial.print("LLS 2 : ");
Serial.println(msg[5]);
}
if (rcode && rcode != hrNAK)
USBTRACE2("DATA rcv :", rcode);
delay(10);
}
/****** timer overflow *******/
ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect)
{
TCNT1 = 0x85EF;
if (pin_state == pin_old_state )
{
timer_flag = 1;
}
}

It looks like the problem is in the Arduino sketch. The msg array contains (unsigned) bytes which have a maximum value of 255.
The line:
msg[1] = value/10
implicitly truncates value/10 (which is an integer between 0 and 1023 - see http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/analogRead) to a maximum of 255.
To send value/10 you'll need to split it over 2 bytes. For example:
msg[1] = (uint8_t) (i & 0xFF);
msg[2] = (uint8_t) ((i >> 8) & 0xFF);
And msg will have to be one byte longer to accomodate.
On the Android (Java) side you'll need to do something like:
int value = (int) buffer[0];
// ...
int tds = buffer[1] + (buffer[2] << 8);
m.obj = new ValueMsg('f', value, ret, tds,
buffer[3], buffer[4], buffer[5], buffer[6]);
which will require a change to the definition of ValueMsg to accomodate.
Also, there may be a problem with the calls to SndData (assuming the library being used here is the USB_Host_Shield_2.0) as they always send 6 bytes even though in the first time through loop all 6 bytes of msg won't have been initialized.