Develop Reference

Unable to get the beacon information in my Android app?

I am new to Beacon and trying to develop proximity Android app using iBeacon.
I have purchased iBeacon from one of the manufacturer in China so I am trying to develop the proximity app where if I found the beacon in the range it show send some notification to the customer. I have tried Android Beacon Library
but it is not giving any result .
If anybody could help me how can I use it if I am doing something wrong. I have used MonitoringActivity sample code to test .. but nothing worked .
Please help me .
Here is the code
Blockquote
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
ArrayList<BeaconParser> beaconParsers = new ArrayList<BeaconParser>();
beaconParsers.add(new BeaconParser().setBeaconLayout(ALTBEACON_LAYOUT));
Log.d("Scanned count ====",scanRecord.length+"");
String lRawdata="";
BLE ble=new BLE();
temp_flag=0;
//int url_flag=0;
String deviceName=device.getName();
String deviceAddress=device.getAddress();
Log.d("DEVICE NAME",device.toString());
Log.d("Address",deviceAddress);
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
while (startByte <= 5)
{
if ( ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15)
{ //Identifies correct data length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
if (patternFound)
{
//Convert to hex String
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
//UUID detection
uuid = hexString.substring(0,8) + "-" +
hexString.substring(8,12) + "-" +
hexString.substring(12,16) + "-" +
hexString.substring(16,20) + "-" +
hexString.substring(20,32);
// major
int majorValue = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);
// minor
int minorValue = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);
major = majorValue+"";
minor = minorValue+"";
Log.i("DATA OF DEVICE","UUID: " +uuid + "nmajor: " +major +"nminor" +minor);
}
// if(tcz_flag1==1 || tcz_flag2==1 || tcz_flag3==1) {
ble.setDeviceName(deviceName);
ble.setDeviceAddress(deviceAddress);
ble.setRssi(String.valueOf(rssi));
ble.setUuid(uuid);
ble.setMajor(major);
ble.setMinor(minor);
// ble.setNamespaceid(namespaceid);
// ble.setInstanceid(instanceid);
int flag = 0;
int index = 0;
if (bleArrayList.size() > 0) {
for (BLE b : bleArrayList) {
if (deviceName != "TCZ") {
if (b.getDeviceAddress().equals(ble.getDeviceAddress())) {
flag = 1;
bleArrayList.set(index, ble);
}
index++;
}
}
}
if (flag == 0) {
bleArrayList.add(ble);
}
if (bleAdapter == null) {
bleAdapter = new BLEAdapter(getApplicationContext(), bleArrayList);
listView.setAdapter(bleAdapter);
}
Comparator<BLE> bleArraylistComparator = new Comparator<BLE>() {
#Override
public int compare(BLE lhs, BLE rhs) {
String strRssi = lhs.getRssi();
String strRssi2 = rhs.getRssi();
return strRssi.compareToIgnoreCase(strRssi2);
}
};
Collections.sort(bleArrayList, bleArraylistComparator);
bleAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
// }
}
});
}
};

Unable to get UUID of a iBeacon on pre-Lollipop devices

I'm unable to get UUID of a iBeacon on pre-Lollipop devices, but below my code is working in Marshmallow Nexus 5x.
I dont want to use any library like AltBeacon or related.
BluetoothManager bm = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bm.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
//Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
//startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
} else {
BluetoothLeScanner scanner = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();
// scan for devices
scanner.startScan(new ScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
// get the discovered device as you wish
// this will trigger each time a new device is found
BluetoothDevice device = result.getDevice();
if (device.getType() == BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_LE) { //int the device type DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC, DEVICE_TYPE_LE DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL. DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN if it's not available
if (device.fetchUuidsWithSdp()) {
System.out.println(device.getName());
List<ParcelUuid> uuids = result.getScanRecord().getServiceUuids();
System.out.println(uuids);
System.out.println(getMajor(result.getScanRecord().getBytes()));
System.out.println(getMinor(result.getScanRecord().getBytes()));
} else {
System.out.println("failed");
}
}
}
});
}

BluetoothManager bm = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bm.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
//Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
//startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
} else {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
BluetoothLeScanner scanner = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();
// scan for devices
scanner.startScan(new ScanCallback() {
#TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
#Override
public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
// get the discovered device as you wish
// this will trigger each time a new device is found
BluetoothDevice device = result.getDevice();
if (device.getType() == BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_LE)//int the device type DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC, DEVICE_TYPE_LE DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL. DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN if it's not available
{
if (device.fetchUuidsWithSdp()) {
System.out.println(device.getName());
List<ParcelUuid> uuids = result.getScanRecord().getServiceUuids();
System.out.println(uuids);
System.out.println(getMajor(result.getScanRecord().getBytes()));
System.out.println(getMinor(result.getScanRecord().getBytes()));
} else {
System.out.println("failed");
}
}
}
});
} else {
// targetting kitkat or bellow
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
#Override
public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
// get the discovered device as you wish\
}
});
}
}

public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {
int startByte = 2;
boolean patternFound = false;
while (startByte <= 5) {
if ( ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { //Identifies correct data length
patternFound = true;
break;
}
startByte++;
}
if (patternFound) {
//Convert to hex String
byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte+4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);
//Here is your UUID
String uuid = hexString.substring(0,8) + "-" +
hexString.substring(8,12) + "-" +
hexString.substring(12,16) + "-" +
hexString.substring(16,20) + "-" +
hexString.substring(20,32);
//Here is your Major value
int major = (scanRecord[startByte+20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte+21] & 0xff);
//Here is your Minor value
int minor = (scanRecord[startByte+22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte+23] & 0xff);
System.out.println(String.format("%s\n%s\n%s",uuid,major,minor));
textView.setText(String.format("%s\n%s\n%s", uuid,major,minor));
}
}
/**
* bytesToHex method
* Found on the internet
* http://stackoverflow.com/a/9855338
*/
static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
}
return new String(hexChars);
}
Call the method like this and Enjoy :)
onLeScan(device,result.getRssi(),result.getScanRecord().getBytes());

How to write “0xFF” as a characteristics value in android BLE?

I am trying to write hex value 0xFF in the fragrance dispenser device using BluetoothGattCharacteristic method setValue(..) .I do get success status code 0 in the call back method onCharacteristicWrite() But device does not perform any action, ideally it should emit fragrance.
below is my sample code to write to the characteristics
private void writeCharacteristic(CallbackContext callbackContext, UUID serviceUUID, UUID characteristicUUID, byte[] data, int writeType) {
boolean success = false;
if (gatt == null) {
callbackContext.error("BluetoothGatt is null");
return;
}
BluetoothGattService service = gatt.getService(serviceUUID);
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = findWritableCharacteristic(service, characteristicUUID, writeType);
if (characteristic == null) {
callbackContext.error("Characteristic " + characteristicUUID + " not found.");
} else {
int data2=0xFF;
characteristic.setValue(data2, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16, 0);
characteristic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);
writeCallback = callbackContext;
if (gatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic)) {
success = true;
System.out.println(" writeCharacteristic success");
} else {
writeCallback = null;
callbackContext.error("Write failed");
}
}
Please suggest way to write hex data in setValue() method of BluetoothGattCharacteristic .
Thanks

0xFF in
BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16 means you'll send FF 00 because you set it to send a 16 bit unsigned number. To send only 0xFF (and I don't know if that makes a difference) you'll have to set the format to UINT8.
characteristic.setValue(data2, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8, 0);

You can send byte array to charcteristics.
Convert your hex to byte array using below method.link
public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
int len = s.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
}
return data;
}
convert your number to hex first ...
public static String toHex(String arg)
{
try
{
return String.format("%01x", new BigInteger(1, arg.getBytes("UTF-8")));
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
}
//set data
characteristic.setValue(hexStringToByteArray(toHex(255+""));

Retrieving Android BluetoothLE device information (Major / minor / identifier / ProximityUUID) on scan?

I've been looking around and unfortunately the android ibeacon library has been deprecated, so I am attempting to do this native. I have implemented the BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback and the built in onLeScan() method that will fire when a device is picked up. I would like to read in that device's ProximityUUID, major and minor characteristics and identifier. I'm not sure how to get that information out of the Android object BluetoothDevice.
How do I extract that information (ProximityUUID, major, minor, & identifier characteristics) from the Android BluetoothDevice, or is there another way to do it?
Thanks!

you can refer this post to fully understand what those bytes means in LeScanCallback .
And this is my code to parse all information needed:
// an object with all information embedded from LeScanCallback data
public class ScannedBleDevice implements Serializable {
// public BluetoothDevice BLEDevice;
/**
* Returns the hardware address of this BluetoothDevice.
* <p>
* For example, "00:11:22:AA:BB:CC".
*
* #return Bluetooth hardware address as string
*/
public String MacAddress;
public String DeviceName;
public double RSSI;
public double Distance;
public byte[] CompanyId;
public byte[] IbeaconProximityUUID;
public byte[] Major;
public byte[] Minor;
public byte Tx;
public long ScannedTime;
}
// use this method to parse those bytes and turn to an object which defined proceeding.
// the uuidMatcher works as a UUID filter, put null if you want parse any BLE advertising data around.
private ScannedBleDevice ParseRawScanRecord(BluetoothDevice device,
int rssi, byte[] advertisedData, byte[] uuidMatcher) {
try {
ScannedBleDevice parsedObj = new ScannedBleDevice();
// parsedObj.BLEDevice = device;
parsedObj.DeviceName = device.getName();
parsedObj.MacAddress = device.getAddress();
parsedObj.RSSI = rssi;
List<UUID> uuids = new ArrayList<UUID>();
int skippedByteCount = advertisedData[0];
int magicStartIndex = skippedByteCount + 1;
int magicEndIndex = magicStartIndex
+ advertisedData[magicStartIndex] + 1;
ArrayList<Byte> magic = new ArrayList<Byte>();
for (int i = magicStartIndex; i < magicEndIndex; i++) {
magic.add(advertisedData[i]);
}
byte[] companyId = new byte[2];
companyId[0] = magic.get(2);
companyId[1] = magic.get(3);
parsedObj.CompanyId = companyId;
byte[] ibeaconProximityUUID = new byte[16];
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
ibeaconProximityUUID[i] = magic.get(i + 6);
}
if (uuidMatcher != null) {
if (ibeaconProximityUUID.length != uuidMatcher.length) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG,
"Scanned UUID: "
+ Util.BytesToHexString(
ibeaconProximityUUID, " ")
+ " filtered by UUID Matcher "
+ Util.BytesToHexString(uuidMatcher, " ")
+ " with length requirment.");
return null;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (ibeaconProximityUUID[i] != uuidMatcher[i]) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG,
"Scanned UUID: "
+ Util.BytesToHexString(
ibeaconProximityUUID, " ")
+ " filtered by UUID Matcher "
+ Util.BytesToHexString(uuidMatcher,
" "));
return null;
}
}
}
parsedObj.IbeaconProximityUUID = ibeaconProximityUUID;
byte[] major = new byte[2];
major[0] = magic.get(22);
major[1] = magic.get(23);
parsedObj.Major = major;
byte[] minor = new byte[2];
minor[0] = magic.get(24);
minor[1] = magic.get(25);
parsedObj.Minor = minor;
byte tx = 0;
tx = magic.get(26);
parsedObj.Tx = tx;
parsedObj.ScannedTime = new Date().getTime();
return parsedObj;
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "skip one unknow format data...");
// Log.e(LOG_TAG,
// "Exception in ParseRawScanRecord with advertisedData: "
// + Util.BytesToHexString(advertisedData, " ")
// + ", detail: " + ex.getMessage());
return null;
}
}

Payloads of advertising packets should be parsed as a list of AD structures.
iBeacon is a kind of AD structures.
See "iBeacon as a kind of AD structures" for details. Also, see an answer to a similar question.

How to covert String to byte for BLE mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic?

I am developing in Android BLE.
I try to send string to BLE device(like TI CC2541) , and it seems can not send string direct to BLE device.
It need to convert the String to Byte.
I have search some information , there has someone use URLEncoder.encode.
But I am not sure which is the answer what I need.
But how to convert the String to Byte?
The following code is writeCharacteristic for BLE
public void writeString(String text) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
BluetoothGattService HelloService = mBluetoothGatt.getService(HELLO_SERVICE_UUID);
BluetoothGattCharacteristic StringCharacteristic = HelloService.getCharacteristic(UUID_HELLO_CHARACTERISTIC_WRITE_STRING);
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(StringCharacteristic , true);
int A = Integer.parseInt(text);
//How to convert the String to Byte here and set the Byte to setValue ?????
StringCharacteristic .setValue(A, BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8, 0);
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(StringCharacteristic );
Log.d(TAG, "StepCount Characteristic End!");
}
How to convert the String to Byte?

Where you get your String:
byte[] strBytes = text.getBytes();
byte[] bytes = context.yourmWriteCharacteristic.getValue();
Please add a null check too like:
if (bytes == null) {
Log.w("Cannot get Values from mWriteCharacteristic.");
dismiss();// equivalent action
}
if (bytes.length <= strBytes.length) {
for(int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
bytes[i] = strBytes[i];
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < strBytes.length; i++) {
bytes[i] = strBytes[i];
}
}
Now, something like:
StepCount_Characteristic.setValue(bytes);
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(StepCount_Characteristic);

I found the following code help me convert the string.
private byte[] parseHex(String hexString) {
hexString = hexString.replaceAll("\\s", "").toUpperCase();
String filtered = new String();
for(int i = 0; i != hexString.length(); ++i) {
if (hexVal(hexString.charAt(i)) != -1)
filtered += hexString.charAt(i);
}
if (filtered.length() % 2 != 0) {
char last = filtered.charAt(filtered.length() - 1);
filtered = filtered.substring(0, filtered.length() - 1) + '0' + last;
}
return hexStringToByteArray(filtered);
}
public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
int len = s.length();
byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
}
return data;
}
private int hexVal(char ch) {
return Character.digit(ch, 16);
}
If you want to convert string value. you just need to call like the following:
String text;
byte[] value = parseHex(text);