I have a need to join standard android's tables (like contacts and call log) using SQL. It is possible using the rawQuery or query methods of SQLiteDatabase class. But for the methods to work properly I need to know table names that I can provide in a raw SQL query.
Example. I want to execute query like this:
SELECT * FROM Contacts as c INNER JOIN Call_Log as l ON c.number=l.number
I know how to get field names (like CallLog.Calls.NUMBER), but I don't know how to get the name of a standard table that every android has. It is possible to hardcode the name, but the way with something like CallLog.TABLE_NAME looks much more reliable. So, where can I find an analogue of CallLog.TABLE_NAME?
Your asking for a lot of info, but this is a good summation of how to access the contacts table and how to create your own SQL table and update it with information you get from other tables.
To do any type of search of the Contacts Provider, your app must have READ_CONTACTS permission. To request this, add this element to your manifest file as a child element of :
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
To do any type of search of the Call Log, your app must have READ_CALL_LOG permission. To request this, add this element to your manifest file as a child element of :
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG" />
Code below on how to access Phone Call History
Uri allCalls = Uri.parse("content://call_log/calls");
Cursor c = managedQuery(allCalls, null, null, null, null);
String num= c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(CallLog.Calls.NUMBER));// for number
String name= c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NAME));// for name
String duration = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(CallLog.Calls.DURATION));// for duration
int type = Integer.parseInt(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex(CallLog.Calls.TYPE)));// for call type, Incoming or out going.
This technique tries to match a search string to the name of a contact or contacts in the Contact Provider's ContactsContract.Contacts table. You usually want to display the results in a ListView, to allow the user to choose among the matched contacts.
Saving data to a database is ideal for repeating or structured data, such as contact information. This class assumes that you are familiar with SQL databases in general and helps you get started with SQLite databases on Android. The APIs you'll need to use a database on Android are available in the android.database.sqlite package.
One of the main principles of SQL databases is the schema: a formal declaration of how the database is organized. The schema is reflected in the SQL statements that you use to create your database. You may find it helpful to create a companion class, known as a contract class, which explicitly specifies the layout of your schema in a systematic and self-documenting way.
A contract class is a container for constants that define names for URIs, tables, and columns. The contract class allows you to use the same constants across all the other classes in the same package. This lets you change a column name in one place and have it propagate throughout your code.
A good way to organize a contract class is to put definitions that are global to your whole database in the root level of the class. Then create an inner class for each table that enumerates its columns.
public final class FeedReaderContract {
// To prevent someone from accidentally instantiating the contract class,
// make the constructor private.
private FeedReaderContract() {}
/* Inner class that defines the table contents */
public static class FeedEntry implements BaseColumns {
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "entry";
public static final String COLUMN_NAME_TITLE = "title";
public static final String COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE = "subtitle";
}
}
Once you have defined how your database looks, you should implement methods that create and maintain the database and tables. Here are some typical statements that create and delete a table:
private static final String TEXT_TYPE = " TEXT";
private static final String COMMA_SEP = ",";
private static final String SQL_CREATE_ENTRIES =
"CREATE TABLE " + FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME + " (" +
FeedEntry._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," +
FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE + TEXT_TYPE + COMMA_SEP +
FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE + TEXT_TYPE + " )";
private static final String SQL_DELETE_ENTRIES =
"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME;
Just like files that you save on the device's internal storage, Android stores your database in private disk space that's associated application. Your data is secure, because by default this area is not accessible to other applications.
A useful set of APIs is available in the SQLiteOpenHelper class. When you use this class to obtain references to your database, the system performs the potentially long-running operations of creating and updating the database only when needed and not during app startup. All you need to do is call getWritableDatabase() or getReadableDatabase().
To use SQLiteOpenHelper, create a subclass that overrides the onCreate(), onUpgrade() and onOpen() callback methods. You may also want to implement onDowngrade(), but it's not required.
For example, here's an implementation of SQLiteOpenHelper that uses some of the commands shown above:
public class FeedReaderDbHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
// If you change the database schema, you must increment the database version.
public static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
public static final String DATABASE_NAME = "FeedReader.db";
public FeedReaderDbHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(SQL_CREATE_ENTRIES);
}
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// This database is only a cache for online data, so its upgrade policy is
// to simply to discard the data and start over
db.execSQL(SQL_DELETE_ENTRIES);
onCreate(db);
}
public void onDowngrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
onUpgrade(db, oldVersion, newVersion);
}
}
To access your database, instantiate your subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper:
FeedReaderDbHelper mDbHelper = new FeedReaderDbHelper(getContext());
Put Information into a Database
Insert data into the database by passing a ContentValues object to the insert() method:
// Gets the data repository in write mode
SQLiteDatabase db = mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
// Create a new map of values, where column names are the keys
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE, title);
values.put(FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE, subtitle);
// Insert the new row, returning the primary key value of the new row
long newRowId = db.insert(FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
The first argument for insert() is simply the table name.
The second argument tells the framework what to do in the event that the ContentValues is empty (i.e., you did not put any values). If you specify the name of a column, the framework inserts a row and sets the value of that column to null. If you specify null, like in this code sample, the framework does not insert a row when there are no values.
To read from a database, use the query() method, passing it your selection criteria and desired columns. The method combines elements of insert() and update(), except the column list defines the data you want to fetch, rather than the data to insert. The results of the query are returned to you in a Cursor object.
SQLiteDatabase db = mDbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
// Define a projection that specifies which columns from the database
// you will actually use after this query.
String[] projection = {
FeedEntry._ID,
FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE,
FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE
};
// Filter results WHERE "title" = 'My Title'
String selection = FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE + " = ?";
String[] selectionArgs = { "My Title" };
// How you want the results sorted in the resulting Cursor
String sortOrder =
FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE + " DESC";
Cursor c = db.query(
FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME, // The table to query
projection, // The columns to return
selection, // The columns for the WHERE clause
selectionArgs, // The values for the WHERE clause
null, // don't group the rows
null, // don't filter by row groups
sortOrder // The sort order
);
To look at a row in the cursor, use one of the Cursor move methods, which you must always call before you begin reading values. Generally, you should start by calling moveToFirst(), which places the "read position" on the first entry in the results. For each row, you can read a column's value by calling one of the Cursor get methods, such as getString() or getLong(). For each of the get methods, you must pass the index position of the column you desire, which you can get by calling getColumnIndex() or getColumnIndexOrThrow(). For example:
cursor.moveToFirst();
long itemId = cursor.getLong(
cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(FeedEntry._ID)
);
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I want to create a SQLite database for the game Tic Tac Toe on Android Studio that has the names and score of the players. Every time a user win, a point is added on the scoreboard.
How would I do this?
Stage 1 - Database Design
First design the database, you have identified Data as User name, and score, assuming you don't want historical data then a single table would suffice.
So design would be a table, perhaps called scoreboard, with columns :-
username
score and
To perhaps aid future changes a column name id that uniquely identifies a user (e.g. say you had two Toms or even two Tom smiths), this identifier (which is generally available) will be an alias of rowid. As Cursor Adapters require the id to be named _id then that will be used.
As such you could have a table that is created using the following SQL :-
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS scoreboard
(
_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
username TEXT,
score INTEGER
);
Stage 2 - Creating the Database
When getting started with SQLite for Android it is probably best to utilise a subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper as what many refer to as the DBHelper.
So create a class say DBHelper.java which extends the SQLiteOpenHelper class.
Note you must include overrides for the onCreate method and the onUpgrade method.
If using Android Studio when adding a new class;
input, DBHelper in the **Name* field,
type SQLiteOpenHelper in the Superclass field (by the time you've typed SQL you will see SQLiteOpenHelper double click is) and
then tick/check the Show Select Overrides Dialog.
Click OK
You will presented with the Overrides Dialog select (Ctrl + CLick) the following 3 (SQLiteOpenHelper(context"Context,name:String,factory:CursorFactory,version:int) will be selected) :-
SQLiteOpenHelper(context"Context,name:String,factory:CursorFactory,version:int)
onCreate(.....
onUpgrade(.....
Then click OK.
You will then have :-
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public DBHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
}
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
}
}
Define some constants
Between the class and the constructor add some constants so you have a single source for names of tables/columns etc e.g. :-
public static final String DBNAME = "tictactoe.db"; // Database name
public static final int DBVERSION = 1; // Database version #
public static final String TB_SCOREBOARD = "scoreboard"; // table name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_ID = BaseColumns._ID; // use default id column name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME = "username";
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE = "score";
Ready to create the Table
The onCreate method will be called when you try to open the database (and the database is actually created). Generally it is here that you create the tables.
Note one of the more common issues newcomers have is that they think that onCreate runs every time a database is opened. It is not it only runs once when the database is first created.
as such any changes (say you add a new column) WILL NOT BE MADE if the databade still exists (easiest solution when developing an App is to delete the App's Data or uninstall the App and rerun the App).
So in the onCreate method :-
create a String of the SQL to create the table (i.e. the CREATE IF NOT EXISTS.... previously shown). However, do so utilising the CONSTANTS (see below).
call the SQLiteDatabase execSQL method to run the SQL.
Alter the constructor's signature (make it easier to call).
As the database name and version are known (they are constant) and that a cursor factory needn't be used (null will signify this) the super call in the constructor can be replaced with :-
super(context, DBNAME, null, DBVERSION);
Therefore the signature for the DBHelper class can be changed to :-
public DBHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DBNAME, null, DBVERSION);
}
So the DBHelper class in full (at present) can be :-
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static final String DBNAME = "tictactoe.db"; // Database name
public static final int DBVERSION = 1; // Database version #
public static final String TB_SCOREBOARD = "scoreboard"; // table name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_ID = BaseColumns._ID; // use default id column name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME = "username";
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE = "score";
public DBHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DBNAME, null, DBVERSION);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
String crtsql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " +
TB_SCOREBOARD + // The table name
"(" +
COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + //The _id column
COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME + " TEXT, " + // username column
COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE + " INTEGER" + // score column (no trailing comma as last)
")" ;
sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(crtsql);
}
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
}
}
Stage 3 - TEST what has been so far
Believe it or not the above is sufficient to create the database and the table and hence the columns within the table (not to actually add any data or anything useful but at least).
Typically you would use the database in an activity. For the purposes of this testing a basic MainActivity will be used.
It's actually very simple we just create a DBHelper instance (passing the Context).
BUT doing so won't create a database it's only when either the getWritableDatabase or getReadableDatabase methods are called that an attempt is made to open or create the database. So a second line will do this (could be done in one line) :-
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
DBHelper mDBHlpr = new DBHelper(this); // get DBHelper instance
mDBHlpr.getWritableDatabase(); // force an open (wouldn't normally do this)
}
}
Note you wouldn't normally have a call to getWritableDatabase as will be seen each method to access the table(s) will do this, so the very first time one of these would result in the onCreate method being called.
Note there is much confusion with getReadableDatabase, in short it doesn't make it so you can't update/change data unless the database can only be read.
i.e. getReadabledatabase will get a writable database unless in the very rare scenario the database can only be read (when getWritableDatabase would fail with an unable to open database error).
VERY RARELY is there any use coding getReadableDatabase.
Do the above and Run the App - nothing much will happen, but hopefully it shouldn't crash.
Now if you can (depends on emulator (I use genymotion which gives you root access)) use Android Studion's Device Explorer* to look at **/data/data/<your_package_name>/databases/ and hopefully you will see :-
package and actual database are highlighted.
database is just a file (can be copied and opened in other SQLite tools (can even be copied to android (emulator/device permitting))).
journal is SQLite's file that records what's being done and in cases of errors allows data to be rolled back (i.e. just accept it exists).
A believe that size should be 16K (depends upon data and structure of the database). It shouldn't be 0 though.
If you can't use Device Explorer then you can go into settings and check the App's data (if you have other uses of App data then check subtract this (check before running)), it should be 0 (after subtracting other data). in which case that's an indication that the database exists.
Stage 4 - Adding and Manipulating Data
At this stage a database exists with a table but no data itself exists. So a means of adding data (inserting rows) (a table has rows a row consisting of the columns as per the definition of the table).
It's no use adding data unless that data can be accessed so a means of extracting the data (querying) is required.
As a method of changing (updating) the score is required a means of doing this is required.
So what is needed now are 3 things :-
an insertRow method
a getAllData method (say to list scoreboard)
a updateScore method (which will adjust the score according to a number)
Typically such methods are added to the Database Helper (so they will be here)
The insertRow method
When inserting a row we need to add the name and the score (we could have defined the score column as score INTEGER DEFAULT 0 and then just the name would be required).
Although you don't know it yet id's can be very useful so the method will return the id of the newly inserted row, which due to using _id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (and specifically this (or INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT). will be generated automatically (i.e. the _id column is an alias of the very special but normally hidden rowid column (see link below for more info on rowid)).
the latter, AUTOINCREMENT, is very rarely needed but is seen very often more here SQLite Autoincrement, this also explains rowid)
So a method such as the following could be added :-
public long insertRow(String username, int initial_score) {
// SQL equivalent of :-
// INSERT INTO scoreboard (username,score) VALUES('the user name',0)
ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); // Used by convenience method for column/value pairs
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,username); // The username to be added
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,initial_score); // The score to be added
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase(); // Get a SQLiteDatabase instance
return db.insert(TB_SCOREBOARD,null,cv); // Insert it using conveniece method
/*
Note if row cannot be inserted then return will be -1
If inserted the id will be returned,
first ever insert will be 1,
then likely 2
then likely 3
NEVER ASSUME 1,2,3.......... though
ALWAYS ASSUME IT WILL BE A UNIQUE VALUE
i.e. NEVER CODE SPECIFIC ID's
*/
}
You may wish to read insert
The Activity could use this using for example :-
mDBHlpr.insertRow("Rumplestiltskin the 3rd",10000000); // The winner :)
mDBHlpr.insertRow("Fred Blogs",0); // New user would normally start with score 0
Adds 2 rows first with high score, 2nd as you would probably add a new user
The getAllData method
With Android you extract data into what's called a Cursor, which is like a spreadsheet it has rows and columns (columns as you specify so they needn't be all the columns, can also be other columns (e.g. derived/calculated or from other tables).
You create a Cursor (at least a normal one) by querying the table or tables in the database (note this doesn't cover all aspects). So use will be made of the convenience query method (well 1 of the 4) using :-
public Cursor getAlldata() {
// The columns to retrieve
String[] columns = new String[]{
COL_SCOREBOARD_ID,
COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME,
COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE
};
// NOTE normally for all columns you would use the above but
// instead pass null as the 2nd parameter to the query method
return this.getWritableDatabase().query(
TB_SCOREBOARD,
columns,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null
);
}
You may wish to read query
This could be used in the Activity along the lines of :-
Cursor csr = mDBHlpr.getAlldata();
csr.close(); //YOU SHOULD ALWAYS CLOSE A CURSOR WHEN DONE WITH IT
The updateScore method
Without getting too complex and sticking to convenience methods the process of updating a score will :-
get the old score (according to id)
update the new score by adding the new score (if it's minus then reducing the score)
As such 2 parameters are required the id and the amount to adjust the score by.
-Id's should be long (you will see many uses of int but long copes with all possible id's).
-adjustment will be integer (long if very high scores are expected)
A diversion for getScoreById method
As getting a user's score may be useful another method will be created to do this. This also makes use of a Cursor that selects specific data rather than all via an SQL WHERE clause. So a method getScoreById will also be created. This will return the current score as an int and is passed a long as the id.
This could be :-
public int getScoreById(long id) {
int rv = -1; // just in case the id doesn't exist return -1 so invalid adjustment can be detected
String[] columns = new String[]{COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE}; // only want the score
String whereclause = COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + "=?"; // will be WHERE _id=? (? replaced by respective whereargs element)
String[] whereargs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)}; // ? will be replaced with id
Cursor csr = this.getWritableDatabase().query(
TB_SCOREBOARD,
columns,
whereclause,
whereargs,
null,
null,
null
);
if (csr.moveToFirst()) {
//rv = csr.getInt(0); // Hard coded column offsets bad so :-
rv = csr.getInt(csr.getColumnIndex(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE));
}
csr.close(); // Done with the cursor so close it
return rv; // return the current score
}
Back to the upDateScore method
Now that the score can be retrieved by the id via the getScoreById method then the the updateScore method could be :-
public boolean updateScore(long id, int adjustment) {
int newscore = getScoreById(id) + adjustment; // get the new score
// Check that the new score is valid (i.e. greater than 0)
// If it's invalid then don't do update by returning false but after
// issuing a message to the log (for development should be removed for production)
if (newscore < 0) {
Log.d("INVALIDSCORE",
"An invalid new score (less than 0) was returned. Update cancelled.");
return false;
}
// Prepare to use the update convenience method
String whereclause = COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + "=?";
String[] whereargs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)};
ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,newscore);
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
// WARNING without a WHERE clause update would update ALL ROWS
// update returns number of rows updated as an int, so if this is
// greater than 0 true is returned else false.
return db.update(TB_SCOREBOARD,cv,whereclause,whereargs) > 0;
}
So the whole DBHelper class could be :-
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
public static final String DBNAME = "tictactoe.db"; // Database name
public static final int DBVERSION = 1; // Database version #
public static final String TB_SCOREBOARD = "scoreboard"; // table name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_ID = BaseColumns._ID; // use default id column name
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME = "username";
public static final String COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE = "score";
public DBHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DBNAME, null, DBVERSION);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
String crtsql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " +
TB_SCOREBOARD + // The table name
"(" +
COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + //The _id column
COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME + " TEXT, " + // username column
COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE + " INTEGER" + // score column (no trailing comma as last)
")" ;
sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(crtsql);
}
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {
}
public long insertRow(String username, int initial_score) {
// SQL equivalent of :-
// INSERT INTO scoreboard (username,score) VALUES('the user name',0)
ContentValues cv = new ContentValues(); // Used by convenience method for column/value pairs
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,username); // The username to be added
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,initial_score); // The score to be added
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase(); // Get a SQLiteDatabase instance
return db.insert(TB_SCOREBOARD,null,cv); // Insert it
/*
Note if row cannot be inserted then return will be -1
If insert the id will be returned,
first ever insert will be 1,
then likely 2
then likely 3
NEVER ASSUME 1,2,3.......... though
ALWAYS ASSUME IT WILL BE A UNIQUE VALUE
i.e. NEVER CODE SPECIFIC ID's
*/
}
public Cursor getAlldata() {
// The columns to retrieve
String[] columns = new String[]{
COL_SCOREBOARD_ID,
COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME,
COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE
};
// NOTE normally for all columns you would use the above but
// instead pass null as the 2nd parameter to the query method
return this.getWritableDatabase().query(
TB_SCOREBOARD,
columns,
null,
null,
null,
null,
null
);
}
public boolean updateScore(long id, int adjustment) {
int newscore = getScoreById(id) + adjustment; // get the new score
// Check that the new score is valid (i.e. greater than 0)
// If it's invalid then don't do update by returning false but after
// issuing a message to the log (for development should be removed for production)
if (newscore < 0) {
Log.d("INVALIDSCORE",
"An invalid new score (less than 0) was returned. Update cancelled.");
return false;
}
// Prepare to use the update convenience method
String whereclause = COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + "=?";
String[] whereargs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)};
ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
cv.put(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE,newscore);
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
// WARNING without a WHERE clause update would update ALL ROWS
// update returns number of rows updated as an int, so if this is
// greater than 0 true is returned else false.
return db.update(TB_SCOREBOARD,cv,whereclause,whereargs) > 0;
}
public int getScoreById(long id) {
int rv = -1; // just in case the id doesn't exist return -1 so invalid adjustment can be detected
String[] columns = new String[]{COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE}; // only want the score
String whereclause = COL_SCOREBOARD_ID + "=?"; // will be WHERE _id=? (? replaced by respective whereargs element)
String[] whereargs = new String[]{String.valueOf(id)}; // ? will be replaced with id
Cursor csr = this.getWritableDatabase().query(
TB_SCOREBOARD,
columns,
whereclause,
whereargs,
null,
null,
null
);
if (csr.moveToFirst()) {
//rv = csr.getInt(0); // Hard coded column offsets bad so :-
rv = csr.getInt(csr.getColumnIndex(COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE));
}
csr.close(); // Done with the cursor so close it
return rv; // return the current score
}
}
Stage 5 - Testing
The activity (based upon a new empty project) could now be :-
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
DBHelper mDBHlpr = new DBHelper(this); // get DBHelper instance
//mDBHlpr.getWritableDatabase(); // force an open (wouldn't normally do this) Not needed now
mDBHlpr.insertRow("Rumplestiltskin the 3rd",10000000); // The winner :)
mDBHlpr.insertRow("Fred Blogs",0); // New user would normally start with score 0
mDBHlpr.updateScore(1,-9999999); //Set Rumplestiltskins's score to 0
// NOTE id should be 1 BUT hard coding id's is
// should be avoided (just used for demo purposes)
mDBHlpr.updateScore(2,1); // Increment Fred's score (see above re hard coded id's)
Cursor csr = mDBHlpr.getAlldata();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// Do something with the Extracted Data
while (csr.moveToNext()) { // Loop through all rows
long userid = csr.getLong(csr.getColumnIndex(DBHelper.COL_SCOREBOARD_ID));
String username = csr.getString(csr.getColumnIndex(DBHelper.COL_SCOREBOARD_USERNAME));
int userscore = csr.getInt(csr.getColumnIndex(DBHelper.COL_SCOREBOARD_SCORE));
sb.append("\n\tUsername=");
sb.append(username);
sb.append((" (ID="));
sb.append(userid);
sb.append(") Score=");
sb.append(userscore);
sb.append(".");
}
csr.close();
Log.d("SCOREBOARD",sb.toString());
}
}
Note cursor handling added
Result
note after numerous runs which will add duplicate usernames but with different id's)
:-
05-18 12:09:46.750 3018-3018/? D/INVALIDSCORE: An invalid new score (less than 0) was returned. Update cancelled.
05-18 12:09:46.754 3018-3018/? D/SCOREBOARD: Username=null (ID=1) Score=1.
Username=null (ID=2) Score=5.
Username=null (ID=3) Score=10000000.
Username=null (ID=4) Score=0.
Username=null (ID=5) Score=10000000.
Username=null (ID=6) Score=0.
Username=null (ID=7) Score=10000000.
Username=null (ID=8) Score=0.
Username=null (ID=9) Score=10000000.
Username=null (ID=10) Score=0.
Invalid Score is because once ID 1 is down to 1 the adjustment of -99999999 will be less than 0.
ID 2's score is 5 due to 5 runs (i.e. 10 rows/users).
Note
The above is a fully working albeit it not that useful, introduction/answer. As such any subsequent questions should really be other questions on Stack Overflow.*
I want to search a column by using an id.
That function will return all the values in that particular row.
Here's my code and log.
LOG:
09-19 14:00:54.940 618-618/? **I/SqliteDatabaseCpp﹕ sqlite returned: error code = 1, msg = table IUBConnectivitydata already exists, db=/data/data/com.example.sivs.datacopy/databases/**
09-19 14:00:54.970 618-618/? E/SQLiteOpenHelper﹕ Couldn't open Database1 for writing (will try read-only):
Code:
public Cursor Rowdata(String a){
SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();
Log.d("a4","aaa34");
Cursor cursor1=db.rawQuery("SELECT "+COL_3+", FROM" + TABLE_NAME + "where WBTSID==?",new String[] {a});
Log.d("a3","row");
return cursor1;
}
You added an extra comma before FROM, an extra = before ? and forgot 2 spaces around the table name.
Wrong:
db.rawQuery("SELECT "+COL_3+", FROM" + TABLE_NAME + "where WBTSID==?",new String[] {a});
Right:
db.rawQuery("SELECT "+COL_3+" FROM " + TABLE_NAME + " where WBTSID=?",new String[] {a});
try following,
if (c.moveToFirst()){
do{
id = c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("_id"));
}while(cursor.moveToNext());
}
c is a cursor of all data.
I would recommend only one global database helper class instance, which can be located in the extended application class. The helper class itself must hold an instance of SQLiteDatabase, which is the actual database object.
It can look like this:
public MyClass extends Application {
private MyDBHelper db;
public MyDBHelper getDB() {
if (database == null) {
db = new MyDBHelper(this);
}
db.open(); // call getWritableDataBase internally
return db;
}
}
If you create the database in the SqlLiteHelpers onCreate() callback, then it should be only created the very first time you open the app after installation.
In the onOpen() callback of SqlLitehelper you can activate foreign key constraints with setForeignKeyConstrainsEnabled(true), which is an important safety feature. Of coure you have to declare foreign keys with REFERS() clauses.
EDIT: Creating a synchronized static instance is also possible (as stated in the comment below). Anyway you must ensure that there exists only one instance of your database helper class and only one instance of the database itself. (Which must be located in the database helper class)
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I'm a windows phone developer and newly I started developing android apps using android studio.
I need to create a database and store in it values and retrieve the updated values on screen, so I need help in:
Creating the database.
How to show values from the database on screen?
to create database , you need to extend SQLiteOpenHelper and need a constructor that takes Context.
lets say you name this class DBOperator. The table creation process will look something like this ,
public class DbOperator extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "DB_NAME";
protected static final String FIRST_TABLE_NAME = "FIRST_TABLE";
protected static final String SECOND_TABLE_NAME = "SECOND_TABLE";
public static final String CREATE_FIRST_TABLE = "create table if not exists "
+ FIRST_TABLE_NAME
+ " ( _id integer primary key autoincrement, COL1 TEXT NOT NULL, COL2 TEXT NOT NULL,COL3 TEXT, COL4 int, COL5 TEXT,"
+ "COL6 TEXT,COL7 REAL, COL8 INTEGER,COL9 TEXT not null);";
public static final String CREATE_SECOND_TABLE = "create table if not exists "
+ SECOND_TABLE_NAME+.........
public DbOperator(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_SFIRST_TABLE);
db.execSQL(CREATE_SECOND_TABLE);
//db.close();
}
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
//THIS WILL BE EXECUTED WHEN YOU UPDATED VERSION OF DATABASE_VERSION
//YOUR DROP AND CREATE QUERIES
}
}
Now your data manipulation class ( add, delete , update ) will look something like this ,
public class FirstTableDML extends DbOperator {
public FirstTableDML(Context context) {
super(context);
}
private static final String COL_ID = "_id";
private static final String COL1 = "COL1";
private static final String COL2 = "COL2";
........
.......
public void deleteFirstTableDataList(List<FirstTableData> firstTableDataList) {
for (FirstTableData data : firstTableDataList)
deleteFirstTableDetailData(data);
}
public void deleteFirstTableDetailData(FirstTableData item) {
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
db.delete(FIRST_TABLE_NAME, item.getId() + "=" + COL_ID, null);
db.close();
}
/**this method retrieves all the records from table and returns them as list of
FirstTableData types. Now you use this list to display detail on your screen as per your
requirements.
*/
public List< FirstTableData > getFirstTableDataList() {
List< FirstTableData > firstTableDataList = new ArrayList< FirstTableData >();
String refQuery = "Select * From " + FIRST_TABLE_NAME;
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(refQuery, null);
try {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
do {
FirstTableData itemData = new FirstTableData();
itemData.setId(cursor.getInt(0));
itemData.setCol1(cursor.getString(1));
itemData.setCol2(cursor.getInt(2));
.....
.....
firstTableDataList.add(itemData);
} while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
} finally {
db.close();
}
Collections.sort(itemDataList);
return itemDataList;
}
public int addFirstTableData(FirstTableData data) {
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(COL1, data.getCol1());
values.put(COL2, data.getCol2());
.....
.....
long x=db.insert(FIRST_TABLE_NAME, null, values);
db.close();
return (int)x;
}
public void updateItemDetailData(FirstTableData data) {
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(COL1, data.getCol1());
values.put(COL2, data.getCol2());
values.put(COL3, data.getCol3());
.....
.....
db.update(FIRST_TABLE_NAME, values, COL_ID + "=" + data.getId(), null);
db.close();
}
}
P.S : *Data class are POJO data class representing the corresponding table.
Since you said you are not totally new to these, I have not provided any helper comments as most of the method names are self explanatory.
Hope it helps you to get started.
To creating a database for Android application, there are 2 ways:
Create database and tables using Code
Use existing database
1) Create database and tables using Code
In this scenario, you have to write a class and code to create database and tables for it. You have to use different classes and interfaces like SQLiteOpenHelper, SQLiteDatabase, etc. Check answer posted by Jimmy above.
2) Use existing database
In this scenario, you can use your existing sqlite database inside your android application. You have to place database file inside assets folder and write a code to copy that existing database on to either internal or external storage.
Regarding best scenario, I would say it's depend on the application functionality and nature, if your database is small then you should go with 1st scenario and if your database is large with many tables then you should go with 2nd scenario because you would be creating database using any GUI based SQLite browser and which would help you to make less mistakes. (When I say less mistakes using GUI, believe me there are chances of creating tables by code).
How to show values from the database on screen?
For that you have to write a SQL query which gives you Cursor in return which is a set of resultant data, so you have to iterate through the cursor data and prepare a set of data in terms of ArrayList or Array or HashMap.
You can display this set of data in ListView or GridView.
P.S. I am not posting links to any tutorials or examples as there are plenty of information/examples available on web, so suggesting you to search around the given points.
A good way to start is to read about Storage Options on the official Android documentation website: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/data/data-storage.html
Well this is my DatabaseHelper class
public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
static final String dbName="demoDB";
public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
super(context, dbName, null, 1);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS players (" +
"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
"playerName TEXT)";
db.execSQL(sql);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("playerName", "John");
db.insert("players", "playerName", values);
values.put("playerName", "George");
db.insert("players", "playerName", values);
values.put("firstName", "Marie");
db.insert("players", "playerName", values);
System.out.println("Hello");
}
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS players");
onCreate(db);
}
}
And in my main activity this is what I do to get its data.
if (cursor!= null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
do {
System.out.println(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("playerName")));
} while (cursor.moveToNext());
}
}
Why the column is not created?
and I am getting this exception.
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.mkyong.android/com.mkyong.android.Stats}: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: column 'playerName' does not exist
Are you selecting anything before you interact with the cursor? Your cursor should be the result from a "Select..." SQL call, but I don't see one in your DatabaseHelper or anything in your MainActivity to indicate you are doing any sort of selection.
Also, when you are inserting values into your table , I believe the second parameter should be null [db.insert("players", null, values)]. It's intended for the nullColumnHack, which you use if you aren't entering any data into row.
nullColumnHack optional; may be null. SQL doesn't allow inserting a completely empty row without naming at least one column name. If your provided values is empty, no column names are known and an empty row can't be inserted. If not set to null, the nullColumnHack parameter provides the name of nullable column name to explicitly insert a NULL into in the case where your values is empty.
Edit
Well, so far you've created a table and inserted some records. The next step would be to create basic CRUD operations (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete), but for your case, you need to start with Retrieve.
Retrieve basically means you are reading/retrieving data from your database, so you can use it in your application. When you read the data from a DB, it gets stored in a Cursor. So, you need to:
Create a method in your database helper to read data from your database
From your main activity, call the method you created in step #1. Result is stored in a cursor.
In your main method, extract the data from the Cursor so you can use it. (Looks like you've already attempted this in your main activity).
Here is a link to a great tutorial on setting up a databse and how to create CRUD operations for your database. For now, scroll down and read up on the Retrieve operation.
http://www.androidhive.info/2011/11/android-sqlite-database-tutorial/
I would read the entire tutorial if I were you. There are lots of other helpful tips and suggestions that will be well worth the investment now. For example, creating constants in your DatabaseHelper class for the table name, database name, column name is a really good idea because sooner or later you're going to make a typo if you keep typing in all the column and table names manually. If you use variables, you'll get a compile error rather than an exception at runtime.
My app's got a database with three tables in it: one to store the names of the people it tracks, one to track an ongoing event, and one - for lack of a better term - for settings.
I load the first table when the app starts. I ask for a readable database to load in members to display, and later I write to the database when the list changes. I've had no problems here.
The other two tables, however, I can't get to work. The code in the helper classes is identical with the exception of class names and column names, and (at least until the point where I try to access the table) the code to use the table is nearly identical as well.
Here's the code for my helper class (I've got a separate helper for each table, and as I said, it's identical except for class names and columns):
public class db_MembersOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "members_table";
public static final String[] COLUMN_NAMES = new String[] {
Constants.KEY_ID,
"name",
"score"
};
private static final String TABLE_CREATE = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NAME + " ("
+ COLUMN_NAMES[0] + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY autoincrement, "
+ COLUMN_NAMES[1] + " TEXT, "
+ COLUMN_NAMES[2] + " INTEGER);";
public db_MembersOpenHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, Constants.DATABASE_NAME, null, Constants.DATABASE_VERSION);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { db.execSQL(TABLE_CREATE); }
#Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
Log.w("TaskDBAdapter", "Upgrading from version " + oldVersion + " to " + newVersion + ".");
// Do nothing. We do not have any updated DB version
}
}
Here's how I use it successfully:
db_MembersOpenHelper membersDbHelper = new db_MembersOpenHelper(this);
SQLiteDatabase membersDb = membersDbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor membersResult = membersDb.query(TABLE_NAME, null, null, null, null, null, null);
members = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
membersResult.moveToFirst();
for(int r = 0; r < membersResult.getCount(); r++)
{
members.put(membersResult.getString(1), membersResult.getInt(2));
membersResult.moveToNext();
}
membersDb.close();
And here's where it fails:
db_PlayersOpenHelper playersDbHelper = new db_PlayersOpenHelper(this);
final SQLiteDatabase playersDb = playersDbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
if(newGame)
{
for(String name : players)
{
ContentValues row = new ContentValues();
row.put(COLUMN_NAMES[1], name);
row.put(COLUMN_NAMES[2], (Integer)null);
playersDb.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, row);
}
}
The first one works like a charm. The second results in ERROR/Database(6739): Error inserting achievement_id=null name=c
android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException: no such table: players_table: , while compiling: INSERT INTO players_table(achievement_id, name) VALUES(?, ?);
...
I did do some testing, and the onCreate method is not being called at all for the tables that aren't working. Which would explain why my phone thinks the table doesn't exist, but I don't know why the method isn't getting called.
I can't figure this out; what am I doing so wrong with the one table that I accidentally did right with the other?
I think the problem is that you are managing three tables with with three helpers, but only using one database. SQLiteOpenHelper manages on database, not one table. For example, it checks to see whether the database, not table, exists when it starts. It already does, so onCreate() does not fire.
I would manage all tables with one helper.
Let me see if I get this right. You are trying to create one database with three tables. But when you create the database, you create just one table; you are somehow instantiating the same database at a different place and wonder why its onCreate method doesn't get called. Is this a correct interpretation?
My strategy would be to try and create all three tables in the single onCreate() method.
If you are working with multiple tables, then you have to create all of the tables at once. If you have run your application first and later you update your database, then it will not upgrade your DB.
Now delete your application, then run it again.
There is one more solution but it is not proper. You can declare onOpen method in which you can call onCreate. And add IF NOT EXISTS before table name in your create table string. – Sourabh just now edit