Develop Reference

All com.android.support libraries must use the exact same version specification : 27.0.2

After updating targetSdkVersion to 27 I got this error message.
All com.android.support libraries must use the exact same version specification (mixing versions can lead to runtime crashes). Found versions 27.0.2, 25.2.0. Examples include com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:27.0.2 and com.android.support:support-media-compat:25.2.0
I understand that I should update com.android.support:support-media-compat but I dont know how because I am not using it in build.gradle , I tried to update SDK tools but the problem is still remaining . bellow is build.gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 27
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.ex"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 27
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:11.6.2'
compile 'com.android.volley:volley:1.0.0'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'
compile 'com.github.bloder:magic:1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.0.2'
}

I have checked manually the libraries in project -> .myidea-> libraries then I found that I have two libraries using the old version :
com_android_support_support_media_compat_25_2_0
com_android_support_support_v4_25_2_0
then just by adding this line in builde.gradle
implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:27.0.2'
The error is gone now.

I encountered the exact same problem. You are not using in your build.graddle but some library that you included in your build.graddle is using. Therefore, you need to override them, which are pointed in warning, in your build.graddle

I have gotten this error before. Try clicking build on Android Studio Toolbar.
Clean Build
After Step 2, Click Rebuild Project.
Update
If not, try explicitly adding implementation com.android.support:support-media-compat:27.0.2 to the build

What you are dealing with appears to be transitive dependencies. In other words just as you use gradle so you don't have to re-invent the wheel the maker of the dependency you are using also uses dependencies. It appears the problem is with this dependency 'com.github.bloder:magic:1.1' because it depends on 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'. I found this out by visiting the repository pom description for blogger magic. In android studio I could also have also clicked on the gradle tab on the right and found one of the dependency task and found the conflict this way. Now that we know the problem excluding a transitive dependency may help checking to see if all dependencies are up to date may help or not using blogger magic at all may help. This problem is difficult, I know. Just hope this helps.

I encountered similar problem when updated the gradle. I implicitly declared the error written support library. I had to perform this implicitly for 3 more support libraries. This error does not solve by implicitily declaring a support library. If u want to solve the problem immediately, then replace all 27.0.2 to 25.2.0 in com.android.support.* libraries.

As you already seen the all answers and comments above but this answer is to clear something which a new developer might not get easily.
./gradlew -q dependencies app:dependencies --configuration compile
The above line will save your life with no doubt but how to get the exact point from the result of above line.
When you get the all dependency chart or list from the above command then you have to search the conflicting version number which you are getting in your code. please see the below image.
in the above image you can see that 23.4.0 is creating the problem but this we not able to find in our gradle file. So now this version number(23.4.0) will save us. When we have this number then we will find this number in the result of above command result and directly import that dependency directly in our gradle file. Please see the below image to get the clear view.
you can clearly see that com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.4.0 and com.android.support:customtabs:23.4.0 are using the version which is creating the problem. Now just simply copy those line from dependency
list and explicitly use in our gradle file but with the updated version link
implementation "com.android.support:cardview-v7:26.1.0"
implementation "com.android.support:customtabs:26.1.0"
Please refer this to see the original answer
https://stackoverflow.com/a/49169228/4156595

Android project working for everyone but me. [duplicate]

I am trying to integrate Google sign in, in my app, I added these libraries:
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-identity:8.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:8.1.0'
Also add this to project build gradle:
classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:1.4.0-beta3'
Also add plugin to app build gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
then add required permissions
but when I try to run my app, received this error:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebug'.
com.android.build.transform.api.TransformException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException:
org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2

Try adding multiDexEnabled true to your app build.gradle file.
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
EDIT:
Try Steve's answer first. In case it happens frequently or first step didn't help multiDexEnabled might help. For those who love to dig deeper here is couple similar issues (with more answers):
:app:dexDebug ExecException finished with non-zero exit value 2
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'. com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException

Another thing to watch for, is that you don't use
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.3.0'
That will import ALL the play services, and it'll only take little more than a hello world to exceed the 65535 method limit of a single dex APK.
Always specify only the services you need, for instance:
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-identity:8.3.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:8.3.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.3.0'

I just had to Clean my project and then it built successfully afterwards.

This error began appearing for me when I added some new methods to my project. I knew that I was nowhere near the 65k method limit and did not want to enable multiDex support for my project if I could help it.
I resolved it by increasing the memory available to the :app:transformClassesForDexForDebug task. I did this by specifying javaMaxHeapSize in gradle.build.
gradle.build
android {
...
dexOptions {
javaMaxHeapSize "4g" //specify the heap size for the dex process
}
}
I tried this after having had no success with other common solutions to this problem:
Running a project clean
Manually deleting the /app/build and /build directories from my project
Invalidating Gradle Cache and restarting Android Studio
Error
Error:Execution failed for task
> ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebug'.
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException:
com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException:
org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command
'/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_45.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java''
finished with non-zero exit value 1
Note: increasing the memory available to the DEX task can cause performance problems on systems with lower memory - link.

I also faced similar issue in Android Studio 1.5.1 and gradle 1.5.0.
I just have to remove unwanted libraries from dependencies which may be automatically added in my app's build.gradle file.
One was : compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.4.0'.
So for best practices try to only include specific play services library like for ads include only
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:8.4.0'
}
Although
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
this will also solve the issue, but provides with a lot of Notes in gradle console, making it confusing to find the other real issues during build

you can see the documentation of Android
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
defaultConfig {
...
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
...
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
...
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
}
Manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.android.multidex.myapplication">
<application
...
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication">
...
</application>
</manifest>

I'm using AS 1.5.1 and encountered the same problem. But just cleaning the project just wont do, so I tried something.
clean project
restart AS
Sync Project
This worked with me, so I hope this helps.

At my case change buildToolsVersion from "24" to "23.0.2", solve the problem.

In my case the Exception occurred because all google play service extensions are not with same version as follows
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:9.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appinvite:9.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.3.0'
It worked when I changed this to
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-plus:9.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appinvite:9.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:9.8.0'

I resolved it with the next:
I configured
multidex
In build.gradle you need to add the next one.
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
...
}
dexOptions {
incremental true
maxProcessCount 4 // this is the default value
javaMaxHeapSize "2g"
}
...
}
dependencies {
...
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
...
}
Add the next one in local.properties
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.configureondemand=true
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
After that into Application class you need to add the Multidex too.
public class MyApplication extends MultiDexApplication {
#Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
//mas codigo
}
#Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(base);
MultiDex.install(this);
}
}
Don't forget add the line code into Manifest.xml
<application
...
android:name=".MyApplication"
...
/>
That's it with this was enough for resolve the bug:
Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForDebug.
Check very well into build.gradle with javaMaxHeapSize "2g" and the local.properties org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m are of 2 gigabyte.

I had same problem when i rolled back to old version via git, and that version had previous .jar library of one 3rd party api, and for some reason turned out that both jar of the same sdk, just different versions were in /libs folder.

First Delete intermediates files
YOUR APP FOLDER\app\build\intermediates
OR
Clean your project and then rebuild.
Thent add
multiDexEnabled true
i.e.
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
It's work for me

I solved this issue by change to use latest buildToolsVersion
android {
//...
buildToolsVersion '26.0.2' // change from '23.0.2'
//...
}

A helpful answer if all above didn't work for you.
Go to your app gradle file,
Check all the dependency versions are mentioned with proper version code rather than any relative value like (com.example.demo:+)
Previous - implementation 'com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:+'
After - implementation 'com.google.api-client:google-api-client-android:1.30.0'

If you are using the latest gradle version ie classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.5.0' and classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:1.4.0-beta3', then try updating the latest support respository from the SDK manager and rebuild the entire project.

If you need add this reference for cordova plugin add next line in your plugin.xml file.
<framework src="com.android.support:support-v4:+" />

If the different dependencies have a same jar also cause this build error.
For example:
compile('com.a.b:library1');
compile('com.c.d:library2');
If "library1" and "library2" has a same jar named xxx.jar, this will make such an error.

It happened to me because of Eclipse memory leak. I had to restart my computer.

I changed a couple of pngs and the build number in the gradle and now I get this. No amount of cleaning and restarting helped. Disabling Instant Run fixed it for me. YMMV

I had the same option and as soon as I turned off Instant run, it worked fine on my API16 device, but on the API24 device it worked fine with Instant run.
Hope this helps someone having the same issue

Simply go to Build - Edit Build Types - Properties Tab - Build Type Version and downgrade it to ver 23.0.1. Click ok.
This works for android studio 1.5.
It worked for me.

the write answer is in gradle put
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
then application name in manifest
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication"
wish this answer is hellpful to some one

this code solved problem
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
For easiest way to implement google sign in visit: google sign in android
Also try
dexOptions {
javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
}
Also keep same version number for different services.

I solved this issue by adding:
In build.gradle:
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
in local.properties ,
org.gradle.jvmargs=-XX\:MaxHeapSize\=512m -Xmx512m
mention dependency:
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
Clean and Rebuild.

Incase 'Instant Run' is enable, then just disable it.

Can't import AAR library with #IntDef annotations

I have the following code in my library:
#Documented
#IntDef({OpacityAnimationType.NONE,
OpacityAnimationType.BLINKING,
OpacityAnimationType.SHINY,
OpacityAnimationType.AURA,
})
public #interface OpacityAnimationType {
int NONE = 0;
int BLINKING = 1;
int SHINY = 2;
int AURA = 3;
}
In gradle for library I have
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion "25.0.2"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 25
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = ["library" : "true"]
}
}
}
}
and
configurations {
javadocDeps
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:$supportLibraryVersion"
compile "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibraryVersion"
javadocDeps "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibraryVersion"
}
Which I deploy to JFrog BinTray, and then try to use it in my app. I have to exclude appcompat-v7 and support-annotations from library dependency, but I build still fails with:
Error:Failed to resolve: annotationProcessor
Now I'm stuck, tried many things but nothing helps. I can't build main project with this library.
Do I need to implement any custom AnnotationProcessor to be able to use #IntDef's?

So finally I've been able to overcome this issue!
It looks like in case of custom annotations custom annotation processor is also required. For now I've decided to skip creating custom annotation processor and not use custom annotations for enumerations with #IntDef.
But anyways, if your library uses existing annotations and you publish it on mavenCentral or jCenter or other repository and use it in other projects, that you'll need to add some magic to javadoc task.
It starts here:
https://github.com/vulko/AnimatedArcProgressView/blob/master/library/build.gradle with
configurations {
javadocDeps
}
dependencies {
// ...
compile("com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibraryVersion") {
transitive false;
}
javadocDeps "com.android.support:support-annotations:$supportLibraryVersion"
}
and then continues in publishing gradle script here: https://github.com/vulko/AnimatedArcProgressView/blob/master/gradle/publish-library.gradle with:
task androidJavadocs(type: Javadoc) {
source = android.sourceSets.main.java.source
// this is the magic
classpath += configurations.javadocDeps
classpath += project.files(android.getBootClasspath().join(File.pathSeparator))
}
Anyways, all the code can be found here:
https://github.com/vulko/AnimatedArcProgressView/

Been googling this issue and looks like if there are any annotations in library, library needs an annotations project which will contain those. Not sure about the processor though, hopefully it wouldn't be needed, otherwise I'll have to switch from custom annotations to #IntDef with some static final int's instead.
There's also some gradle magic that is required to do this, and so far no good tutorials, but a bunch of code on github with processors and annotations. I'd like to avoid using custom processor, cause I simply don't need it.
Any ways, I'll try to keep this thread updated when I finally manage to solve this issue.

Now the story continues.
I had to create a annotations submodule in library project for annotations, and I had to move #IntDef's out of it, otherwise it wouldn't be able to import any of android annotations to submodule. So I've moved #IntDef's to library, and they use custom annotations from submodule now.
Even though I'm able to build and deploy it, the library artifact can't be imported, cause:
Error:Could not find
com.kvolkov.animatedprogressviews:annotations:unspecified. Searched in
the following locations: Required by:
project : > com.kvolkov.animatedprogressviews:library:1.0-RC5
I assume this happens because I need to deploy annotations submodule as a separate artifact now, which I can't do, since I wasn't able to match code from some tutorial for .gradle of annotations module with the plugins for bintray to deploy it there from studio...
Well, this is still not the end.
If any1 is interested or willing to help, you might take a look at current code of library here:
https://github.com/vulko/AnimatedArcProgressView
I'd be glad to recieve some help or advice, cause all info regarding this uses apt instead of annotation processor.

Java finished with non-zero exit value 2 - Android Gradle

I'm getting this error executing my Android app (I cleaned it and then built it, but the error is still present)
Sync: OK
Make Project: OK
Clean: OK
Run: Error
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug' .com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_25\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2
My gradle file:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.rzr.rzevallosr.miappdepruebas"
minSdkVersion 19
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
productFlavors {
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
flatDir {
dirs 'libs'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
// This library handles authentication and authorization
compile 'com.spotify.sdk:spotify-auth:1.0.0-beta9#aar'
// This library handles music playback
compile 'com.spotify.sdk:spotify-player:1.0.0-beta9#aar'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.0.+'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
}
EDIT: I didn't see "compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])" it was compiling twice my libraries, so i just comment:
//compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
//compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
//compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
and it works fine.

This issue is quite possibly due to exceeding the 65K methods dex limit imposed by Android. This problem can be solved either by cleaning the project, and removing some unused libraries and methods from dependencies in build.gradle, OR by adding multidex support.
So, If you have to keep libraries and methods, then you can enable multi dex support by declaring it in the gradle config.
defaultConfig {
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
You can read more about multidex support and developing apps with more than 65K methods here.

For me the problem was, i had put a unnecessary complie library code in build.gradle
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.5.0'
}
which was causing over 65k methods, so removed it,gradle sync, cleaned project, and then ran again and then this error stopped.
I needed just maps and gcm so i put these lines and synced project
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:7.5.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:7.5.0'
Hi people i again encountered this problem and this time it was because of changing build tools version and it really required me to enable multidex..so i added these my app's build.gradle file..
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.am.android"
minSdkVersion 13
targetSdkVersion 23
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
dexOptions {
incremental true
javaMaxHeapSize "2048M"
jumboMode = true
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
}
And create a class that extends Application class and include this method inside the class..
#Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(base);
MultiDex.install(this);
}
also include in OnCreate method too
#Override
public void onCreate() {
MultiDex.install(this);
super.onCreate();
}

Just in case if someone still struggling with this and have no clue why is this happening and how to fix. In fact this error
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'. > com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdkx.x.x_xx\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2
can have many reasons to happen but certainly not something related to your JDK version so don't wast your time in wrong direction.
These are two main reasons for this to happen
You have same library or jar file included several places and some of them conflicting with each other.
You are about to or already exceeded 65k method limit
First case can be fixed as follows:
Find out which dependencies you have included multiple times. In order to do this run following command in android studio terminal
gradlew -q dependencies yourProjectName_usually_app:dependencies --configuration compile
this will return all the dependencies but jar files that you include from lib folder
try to get rid of duplication marked with asterisk (*), this is not always possible but in some cases you still can do it, after this try to exclude modules that are included many times, you can do it like this
compile ('com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.0.1'){
exclude module: 'support-v4'
}
For the second case when you exceeding method limit suggestion is to try to minimize it by removing included libraries (note sounds like first solution) if no way to do it add multiDexEnabled true to your defaultConfig
defaultConfig {
...
...
multiDexEnabled true
}
this increases method limit but it is not the best thing to do because of possible performance issues
IMPORTANT adding only multiDexEnabled true to defaultConfig is not enough in fact on all devices running android <5 Lollipop it will result in unexpected behavior and NoClassDefFoundError. how to solve it is described here

I didn't know (by then) that "compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])" compile all that has jar extension on libs folder, so i just comment (or delete) this lines:
//compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
//compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
//compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
and it works fine. Thanks anyway! My bad.

I had the same issue and I fixed removing the library that were unnecessary
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
I removed that library and I could run the project without any problem.

Mine got solved by enabling multiDex for debug builds.
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}

I Reject Embedded JDK ( in 32bit ) because embedded JDK is 64bit
Right click your Project -> Open Module Setting -> SDK Location -> Uncheck Use embedded JDk then set your JDK Path, eg in Ubuntu /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386

Possible problem: You have exceeded dex 65k methods limit, may be you added some library or several methods before problem occurred?

If You have already updated your SDK and You also using google-play-services then you need to take care of the dependency because there are some kind of conflics with :
Follow the below : compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:+' Replace by compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:6.5.87'
Note: Here '6.5.87' is the google-play-service version. I hope it will help..

I think it's conflicts of .jar file in your project.
I have removed android-support-v4.jar from libs folder and its working !!!
if your project gives error, check in your build.gradle file
dependencies {
}

In my case, the problem was that the new library (gradle dependency) that I had added was relying on some other dependencies and two of those underlying dependencies were conflicting/clashing with some dependencies of other libraries/dependencies in my build script. Specifically, I added Apache Commons Validator (for email validation), and two of its dependencies (Apache Commons Logging and Apache Commons Collections) were conflicting with those used by Robolectric (because different versions of same libraries were present in my build path). So I excluded those conflicting versions of dependencies (modules) when adding the new dependency (the Validator):
compile ('commons-validator:commons-validator:1.4.1') {
exclude module: 'commons-logging'
exclude module: 'commons-collections'
}
You can see the dependencies of your gradle module(s) (you might have only one module in your project) using the following gradle command (I use the gradle wrapper that gets created for you if you have created your project in Android Studio/Intellij Idea). Run this command in your project's root directory:
./gradlew :YOUR-MODULE-NAME:dependencies
After adding those exclude directives and retrying to run, I got a duplicate file error for NOTICE.txtthat is used by some apache commons libraries like Logging and Collections. I had to exclude that text file when packaging. In my build.gradle, I added:
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
It turned out that the new library (the Validator) can work with slightly older versions of its dependencies/modules (which are already imported into my build path by another library (Robolectric)). This was the case with this specific library, but other libraries might be using the latest API of the underlying dependencies (in which case you have to try to see if the other libraries that rely on the conflicting module/dependency are able to work with the newer version (by excluding the older version of the module/dependecy under those libraries's entries)).

In my case, I got this error when there are 2 or more libraries conflict (same library but different versions). Check your app build.gradle in dependencies block.

There are two alternatives that'll work for sure:
Clean your project and then build.
If the above method didn't worked, try the next.
Add the following to build.gradle file at app level
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}

Updating my Java SDK to the latest version 1.7.0_79 and updating the SDK Location under Project Structure solved the problem for me.

My problem was that apart from having
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException:
com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException:
org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command
'/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.X.X_XX.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java''
finished with non-zero exit value 2
I had this trace as well:
Uncaught translation error: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
already added: Lcom/mypackage/ClassX;
The problem was that I was adding the same class in two differents libraries. Removing the class/jar file from one of the libraries, the project run properly

For me i was adding the whole playstore dependencies
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.4.0'
But i needed google map only , so i made it more specific and the error was resolved.
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:8.4.0'

in my case problem was build tools version which was 23.0.0 rc3 and i changed to 22.0.1 and my problem fixed.

You may be using a low quality cable/defected cable to connect your device to the PC, I replaced the cable and it worked for me.

This error is because of using more number of libraries.in my case 'compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-9.4.0' caused this error.To avoid this error use necessary libraries.for example if you want to use Maps in your app.Then use
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:9.4.0'.while adding google play services dependency specify the needed libraries only.by default it includes all the libraries.

In Your gradle.build file, Use this
"compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])"
And it works fine.

If you want to see what exactly is causing the error, try building your project via gradle terminal, like this ./gradlew assembleDebug --stacktrace --debug . I've seen the following error in my case com.android.dex.DexIndexOverflowException: method ID not in [0, 0xffff]: 65536
This happened when I was trying to entegrate Google Maps to my project. To fix it, I simply checked libraries I was including
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:9.8.0'
I simply changed it to
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:9.8.0'
and problem was gone

I had the same error after converting my project to Kotlin. My problem was that my jre location was changed to an invalid path during the process (I wonder why this could happen... made me waste time). Fixed it by doing this:
File > Project Structure > SDK Location
Unchecked the Use embedded JDK option, which was pointing to an old JDK installation, and selected the correct one:
/home/my_user/jdk1.8.0_101
After changing this, the error disappeared

WORKED FOR ME :)
i upgraded the java to the latest version 8 previously it was 7 and then go to OPEN MODULE SETTING right clicking on project and changed the jdk path to /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle the new java 8 installed. And restart the studio
check in /usr/lib/jvm for java 8 folder name
I am using ubuntu

Gradle and nested non-transitive dependencies

Here is a test project: click
I have a test Gradle Android project with three modules: app, library_a, library_b. app depends on library_a, then library_a depends on library_b:
build.gradle (app)
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_a")){
transitive = false;
}
}
build.gradle (library_a)
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_b")){
transitive = false;
}
}
Note that I set transitive = false because I don't want classes from library_b to be accessed from app
Every module has just one class, code is pretty simple:
app:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//...
ClassA classA = new ClassA();
classA.doSomething();
}
}
library_a:
public class ClassA
{
public void doSomething(){
Log.i("Test", "Done A!");
ClassB classB = new ClassB();
classB.doSomething();
}
}
library_b:
public class ClassB
{
public void doSomething(){
Log.i("Test", "Done B!");
}
}
Well, here is the problem: I'm building my project with gradlew. Apk is compiling successfully, but when I run it I get NoClassDefFoundError.
I/Test﹕ Done A!
E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ru.pvolan.library_b.ClassB
at ru.pvolan.somelibrary.ClassA.doSomething(ClassA.java:12)
...
If I set transitive = true in both .gradle files, it runs ok, but, as I noted above, I don't want dependency to be transitive, as far as I don't want ClassB can be accessed from MainActivity - only ClassA.
What am I doing wrong?

This is a problem that Gradle has simplified in Gradle v3.4.
If you convert library A to use v3.4 there is a simple fix.
Gradle 3.4 changes the "compile" configuration to a set of configurations "api" and "implementation".
First you should upgrade gradle to 3.4 and use the java-library plugin in lieu of the java plugin.
You should use the "api" configuration on any jar that is explicitly used in the API method calls (return type, input parameters, etc).
For all other jars that you want to "hide" (like Library B) you should use the "implementation" configuration. As Library B is only used within the body of implementation methods there is no need to expose it to any other jars at compile time; however it still needs to be available at runtime so Library A can use it.
To implement this your Library A script should replace
apply plugin: 'java'
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_b")){
transitive = false;
}
}
with
apply plugin: 'java-library'
dependencies {
implementation project(":library_b")
}
This change will tell Gradle to include Library B as a runtime dependency of app, so that app cannot compile against it, but Library B still will be available at runtime for Library A to use. If for some reason app ends up needing Library B in the future, it would be forced to explicitly include Library B in it's dependency list to ensure it gets the desired version.
See this description from Gradle itself for more details and examples:
https://blog.gradle.org/incremental-compiler-avoidance

The problem is that library_b is a required dependency. You can't simply exclude it, since you need it to be on the classpath at runtime. You are effectively misrepresenting your actual dependencies in order to enforce a code convention and therefore losing any advantage of leveraging a dependency management system like Gradle. If you want to enforce class or package blacklist I'd suggest using a source analysis tool like PMD. Here's an an example of a rule to blacklist specific classes.
If that is not possible for some reason you can get your above example to "work" by simply adding library_b to the runtime classpath of app.
dependencies {
runtime project(':library_b')
}

Do you use multidex?
When I had a problem like this I used multidex and called class from different module. I could fix it only by turning off multidex and running proguard.
UPD
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
defaultConfig {
...
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
...
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
...
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
}
more about multi dex https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html
and about proguard http://developer.android.com/tools/help/proguard.html