Develop Reference

Can Not Perform Copy-Paste in Android Studio

I have faced two main problems in Android Studio. First of all I can not perform copy-paste and cut-paste (ctrl+c - ctrl+v - ctrl+x) abilities in some classes. To fix that problem, I click "invalide caches/restarts", but it breaks down again immediately.
Second problem is (I think it is related to the first problem) compiler does not recognize already defined methods and attributes. Auto suggestion etc. does not work.
The steps I've taken to try to fix the problem are;
File -> invalide caches/restarts,
File -> Power Save Mode -> Disable,
Close all opened tabs and fresh restart,
File -> Sync Project with Gradle Files,
File -> Sync with File System,
Delete JDK and reinstall,
Delete Android Studio and reinstall,
Delete already downloaded SDK files and ".Android" folder,
Disable and delete all plugins.
Checked copy-paste keymap in File -> Settings -> Keymap
Pulled the project from bitbucket to different 2 computers
Created new project, copy whole project classes with NotePad++ to
new Project
Try to convert all Java codes to Kotlin, cannot convert
Here is my system specifications; Windows 10 Home Single Language (TR), version 1909. 16 GB ram. Android Studio 3.5.3 and Gradle Version 3.5.3
I have read all post about the same problem but there is no luck (The posts are only about MAC and Linux platform).
UPDATE 1.0 ->
I have discovered that some classes cannot do the operations described above, but some classes can.
I realized that, There are no icons for classes that cannot do the operations I have described above. (Sometimes magically appears "J" icons and when I clicked another class, this J icon disappears immediately.) I think gradle or file system of Android Studio does not recognize these files as classes.
UPDATE 2.0 ->
I have noticed that when I clicked the Structure section of DuoFragment (Which has 500+ lines codes and one of the uncompiled class) cannot load anything. Is DuoFragment size is bigger to process?
Also when I checked the Build section, some processes cannot run (I do not know if this is normal or not);
Task :app:compileDebugAidl NO-SOURCE,
Task :app:compileDebugRenderscript NO-SOURCE,
Task :app:processDebugJavaRes NO-SOURCE
UPDATE 3.0 ->
Here are my Gradle files.
Project Level Gradle file :
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.3'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
App level Gradle file.
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
android {
compileSdkVersion 29
buildToolsVersion "29.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.lotusif.dump2"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 29
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.core:core:1.1.0'
// material widgets
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0-alpha03'
// progress bar with text
implementation "com.github.skydoves:progressview:1.0.3"
// sequence progress
implementation 'com.github.transferwise:sequence-layout:1.0.11'
// flash bar
implementation 'com.andrognito.flashbar:flashbar:1.0.2'
// toggle - switch button
implementation 'com.github.GwonHyeok:StickySwitch:0.0.15'
// Custom Toast message
implementation 'com.github.GrenderG:Toasty:1.4.2'
// liquid effect bar
implementation 'com.mikhaellopez:circularfillableloaders:1.3.2'
// bubble tab bar
implementation 'com.fxn769:bubbletabbar:1.0.3'
//glide image library
implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.10.0'
annotationProcessor 'com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.10.0'
// scaling layout
implementation 'com.github.iammert:ScalingLayout:1.2.1'
// lottie animation
implementation 'com.airbnb.android:lottie:3.3.1'
//Gson
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
//RxJava
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.15'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
implementation 'com.daimajia.easing:library:2.1#aar'
implementation 'com.daimajia.androidanimations:library:2.3#aar'
//retrofit
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.7.1'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.7.1'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.7.1'
}
UPDATE 1.0 Images
UPDATE 2.0 Images

UPDATE --> There is a bug in Kotlin libraries with Windows 10 Single Language Turkish. (Maybe some of other Single Language Windows distributions have same issue, I haven't known yet.) Kotlin's some libraries cannot work on Turkish operating system. I solved this problem with installing Windows 10 Pro English.
Other developers who use Windows 10 Single Language Turkish faces same problem with different angles. (Example1 and Example2)
OLD ANSWER
TL;DR -> Problem is about third party libraries that are written with Kotlin. I have converted my Java project to Kotlin and all problematic third party libraries work well. Problem is about Java - Kotlin conflict.
I would like to share how I solved the problem for those who will face such problems later.
I did all the steps I mentioned above one by one but I could not find any solution and I decided to examine my third party libraries.
First of all, I disabled all third party libraries and looked at the status of my classes that did not recognize already defined methods and attributes. After disabling third party libraries and making Rebuild Project and Sync Gradle, the Auto Suggestion feature of those corrupted classes started working again.Then, uncovering which third-party libraries were problematic, I activated those third-party libraries one by one. I found which third party libraries broke my project.
There were 4 third party libraries that broke my project : StickySwitch, ProgressView, SequenceLayout and Flashbar. When I removed those libraries, everything worked right. After removed the libraries, my Gradle file was as below.
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
android {
compileSdkVersion 29
buildToolsVersion "29.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.lotusif.dump2"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 29
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.core:core:1.1.0'
// material widgets
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.0-alpha03'
// progress bar with text BUGGY!
// implementation "com.github.skydoves:progressview:1.0.3"
// sequence progress BUGGY !
// implementation 'com.github.transferwise:sequence-layout:1.0.11'
// flash bar BUGGY !
// implementation 'com.andrognito.flashbar:flashbar:1.0.2'
// toggle - switch button BUGGY !
// implementation 'com.github.GwonHyeok:StickySwitch:0.0.15'
// Custom Toast message
implementation 'com.github.GrenderG:Toasty:1.4.2'
// liquid effect bar
implementation 'com.mikhaellopez:circularfillableloaders:1.3.2'
// bubble tab bar
implementation 'com.fxn769:bubbletabbar:1.0.3'
// android chart library
implementation 'com.github.PhilJay:MPAndroidChart:v3.1.0'
//glide image library
implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.10.0'
annotationProcessor 'com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.10.0'
// scaling layout
implementation 'com.github.iammert:ScalingLayout:1.2.1'
// lottie animation
implementation 'com.airbnb.android:lottie:3.3.1'
//Gson
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
//RxJava
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.15'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
implementation 'com.daimajia.easing:library:2.1#aar'
implementation 'com.daimajia.androidanimations:library:2.3#aar'
//retrofit
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.7.1'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.7.1'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.7.1'
}
So, what was the common feature of those libraries that corrupt my project? My project was written with Java but that libraries were written with Kotlin. One second, cannot I use Kotlin libraries in my Java project? Yes, I can. I have to add android.useAndroidX=true and android.enableJetifier=true in my gradle.properties, that is it. But what if I have already added those lines in my gradle.properties and it has not worked?
# Specifies the JVM arguments used for the daemon process.
# The setting is particularly useful for tweaking memory settings.
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx1536m
# When configured, Gradle will run in incubating parallel mode.
# This option should only be used with decoupled projects. More details, visit
# http://www.gradle.org/docs/current/userguide/multi_project_builds.html#sec:decoupled_projects
# org.gradle.parallel=true
# AndroidX package structure to make it clearer which packages are bundled with the
# Android operating system, and which are packaged with your app's APK
# https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/support-library/androidx-rn
android.useAndroidX=true
# Automatically convert third-party libraries to use AndroidX
android.enableJetifier=true
I have not understood why kotlin libraries cannot work with my Java project. As you can see in my Gradle file, I am using apply plugin: 'kotlin-android' and apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions' for Kotlin support.
How I have rescued my project? There were 2 available options as I knew. While first method was that to removed those 4 third party libraries and could not use them, second one that to convert all Java classes to Kotlin classes (I tried it before but it did not work until disabled all third party libraries). I chose to convert all Java classes to Kotlin classes. Thus, I was able to use 4 third party libraries which were mentioned above.
It took me 30 days to solve this problem. Now, I am working on Kotlin language. As a result, my project is running without any problem.

Setting Explict Annotation Processor

I am attempting to add a maven repository to my Android Studio project.
When I do a Gradle project sync everything is fine. However, whenever I try to build my apk, I get this error:
Execution failed for task ':app:javaPreCompileDebug'.
> Annotation processors must be explicitly declared now. The following dependencies on
the compile classpath are found to contain annotation processor. Please add them to
the annotationProcessor configuration.
- classindex-3.3.jar
Alternatively, set android.defaultConfig.javaCompileOptions.annotationProcessorOptions
.includeCompileClasspath = true to continue with previous behavior. Note that this
option is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
See https://developer.android.com/r/tools/annotation-processor-error-message.html for more details.
The link included (https://developer.android.com/r/tools/annotation-processor-error-message.html) in the error 404s so its of no help.
I have enabled annotation processing in the android studio settings, and added includeCompileClasspath = true to my Annotation Processor options. I have also tried adding classindex, classindex-3.3 and classindex-3.3.jar to Processor FQ Name, but that did not help either.
these are the lines I have added to the default build.gradle under dependecies:
dependencies {
...
compile group: 'com.skadistats', name: 'clarity', version:'2.1.1'
compile group: 'org.atteo.classindex', name: 'classindex', version:'3.3'
}
Originally I just had the "clarity" one added, because that is the one I care about, but I added the "classindex" entry in the hopes that it would fix it. Removing "clarity" and keeping "classindex" gives me the exact same error.
I'm not all too familiar with gradle/maven so any help would be appreciated.

To fix the error, simply change the configuration of those dependencies to use annotationProcessor. If a dependency includes components that also need to be on the compile classpath, declare that dependency a second time and use the compile dependency configuration.
For example:
annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:7.0.1'
This link describes it in detail: https://developer.android.com/studio/preview/features/new-android-plugin-migration.html#annotationProcessor_config
Relevant snippet included for completeness.
Use the annotation processor dependency configuration
In previous versions of the Android plugin for Gradle, dependencies on
the compile classpath were automatically added to the processor
classpath. That is, you could add an annotation processor to the
compile classpath and it would work as expected. However, this causes
a significant impact to performance by adding a large number of
unnecessary dependencies to the processor.
When using the new plugin, annotation processors must be added to the
processor classpath using the annotationProcessor dependency
configuration, as shown below:
dependencies {
...
annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:' }
The plugin assumes a dependency is an annotation processor if its JAR
file contains the following file: META-
INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor. If the plugin
detects annotation processors on the compile classpath, your build
fails and you get an error message that lists each annotation
processor on the compile classpath. To fix the error, simply change
the configuration of those dependencies to use annotationProcessor. If
a dependency includes components that also need to be on the compile
classpath, declare that dependency a second time and use the compile
dependency configuration.

I was with a similar error. I follow the instructions on the Google link and it works.
try to add the follow instructions to your app gradle file:
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.yourdomain.yourapp"
minSdkVersion 17
targetSdkVersion 25
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
includeCompileClasspath = false
}
}
}
Attention to -> includeCompileClasspath false

Add this code to your gradle app
defaultConfig{
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
includeCompileClasspath true
}
}
}
I found the solution here https://github.com/JakeWharton/butterknife/issues/908

Simply update your butter knife with Annotation processor
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1'
annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.8.1'
i hope it's help you

Add this in defaultConfig
android.defaultConfig.javaCompileOptions.annotationProcessorOptions.includeCompileClasspath = true

In the build.gradle(module app)
apply the plugin:
apply plugin: 'com.jakewharton.butterknife'
Add the following lines in the dependencies section:
annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.7.0'
implementation 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.7.0'
in the build.gradle(Project:projectName), add the classPath in the dependencies like this :
classpath 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-gradle-plugin:8.4.0'
It will fix this issue.
In case if not then add maven:
maven {
url 'https://maven.google.com'
}

If you have dependencies on the compile classpath that include annotation processors you don't need, you can disable the error check by adding the following to your build.gradle file. Keep in mind, the annotation processors you add to the compile classpath are still not added to the processor classpath.
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
includeCompileClasspath false
}
}
}
}
If you are experiencing issues migrating to the new dependency resolution strategy, you can restore behavior to that of Android plugin 2.3.0 by setting includeCompileClasspath true. However, restoring behavior to version 2.3.0 is not recommended, and the option to do so will be removed in a future update.
See here https://developer.android.com/r/tools/annotation-processor-error-message.html for more details

If nothing works from above answers add following step as well, specially for new update of Android Studio 3.0.1:
Android Studio 3.0.1:
Add this to your app.gradle file in dependencies:
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'

In previous versions of the plugin, dependencies on the compile classpath were automatically added to the processor classpath. That is, you could add an annotation processor to the compile classpath and it would work as expected. However, this causes a significant impact to performance by adding a large number of unnecessary dependencies to the processor.
When using the Android plugin 3.0.0, you must add annotation processors to the processor classpath using the annotationProcessor dependency configuration, as shown below:
dependencies {
...
annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:<version-number>'
implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:<version-number>'
}

apt dependency scope in Android gradle - what is it used for?

What is the apt dependency scope in android gradle files i see sometimes ?
An example looks like this?
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
android {
compileSdkVersion 20
buildToolsVersion '20.0.0'
defaultConfig {
applicationId "org.ligboy.test.card.module1"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 20
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
runProguard false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
final DAGGER_VERSION = '2.0.2'
dependencies {
compile "com.google.dagger:dagger:${DAGGER_VERSION}"
apt "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:${DAGGER_VERSION}"//what is this scope
provided 'org.glassfish:javax.annotation:10.0-b28'
}
and in the top level build.gradle file it has this global dependency:
buildscript {
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0'
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.4'
}
}
Notice in the dependencies section there is a apt scope ? i only know of compile, package and provided scope. compile
includes the dependency at compile time and in your package, provided says only include the library at compile time and discard it at
package time so its not included in final build. and Package is the reverse, it includes the dependency in the package and not at compile time.
But what is apt dependency scope which we obviously need the com.neenbedankt.android-apt for it to work so i know its android based.
update:
why cant i use provided dependency scope instead of apt scope ? How do they differ ?
i created a tutorial on dagger dependency scopes for those who need more info.

From the android-apt project page:
The android-apt plugin assists in working with annotation processors in combination with Android Studio. It has two purposes:
Allow to configure a compile time only annotation processor as a dependency, not including the artifact in the final APK or library
Set up the source paths so that code that is generated from the annotation processor is correctly picked up by Android Studio.
You are using Dagger, which uses annotation processing to generate code. The annotation processing code shouldn't be included in the final APK, and you want the generated code to be visible to Android Studio. android-apt enables this behavior.
This sounds very similar to the provided scope, but apt differs from provided in a few key ways. The first difference is that code generated by an apt dependency is available to the IDE, whereas code generated by a provided dependency is not.
Another important difference is that the code in a library using the provided scope is on the IDE classpath (i.e. you can import the classes and attempt to use them), whereas code in an apt dependency is not. With provided, your code will crash at runtime if you don't actually provide the referenced dependencies with a compile scoped counterpart.
You can find a discussion about apt vs provided on this android-apt issue.
In the case of Dagger, there should be no reason to include the annotation processor and code generator in any of your code (which the provided scope would allow). Thus the apt scope is more appropriate.
Update for October 2016:
You probably don't need apt and the android-apt plugin anymore. Version 2.2 of the Android Gradle plugin has an annotationProcessor configuration that you should be using instead.
See more at What's next for android-apt?

Just to add how to change this in Studio 2.2 +
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.4'
annotationProcessor "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.4"
}
Add this in apps gradle module. No need to change any other thing.
Happy coding :)

Java finished with non-zero exit value 2 - Android Gradle

I'm getting this error executing my Android app (I cleaned it and then built it, but the error is still present)
Sync: OK
Make Project: OK
Clean: OK
Run: Error
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug' .com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_25\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2
My gradle file:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.rzr.rzevallosr.miappdepruebas"
minSdkVersion 19
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
productFlavors {
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
flatDir {
dirs 'libs'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
// This library handles authentication and authorization
compile 'com.spotify.sdk:spotify-auth:1.0.0-beta9#aar'
// This library handles music playback
compile 'com.spotify.sdk:spotify-player:1.0.0-beta9#aar'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.0.+'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
}
EDIT: I didn't see "compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])" it was compiling twice my libraries, so i just comment:
//compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
//compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
//compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
and it works fine.

This issue is quite possibly due to exceeding the 65K methods dex limit imposed by Android. This problem can be solved either by cleaning the project, and removing some unused libraries and methods from dependencies in build.gradle, OR by adding multidex support.
So, If you have to keep libraries and methods, then you can enable multi dex support by declaring it in the gradle config.
defaultConfig {
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
You can read more about multidex support and developing apps with more than 65K methods here.

For me the problem was, i had put a unnecessary complie library code in build.gradle
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.5.0'
}
which was causing over 65k methods, so removed it,gradle sync, cleaned project, and then ran again and then this error stopped.
I needed just maps and gcm so i put these lines and synced project
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:7.5.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:7.5.0'
Hi people i again encountered this problem and this time it was because of changing build tools version and it really required me to enable multidex..so i added these my app's build.gradle file..
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.am.android"
minSdkVersion 13
targetSdkVersion 23
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
dexOptions {
incremental true
javaMaxHeapSize "2048M"
jumboMode = true
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
}
And create a class that extends Application class and include this method inside the class..
#Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(base);
MultiDex.install(this);
}
also include in OnCreate method too
#Override
public void onCreate() {
MultiDex.install(this);
super.onCreate();
}

Just in case if someone still struggling with this and have no clue why is this happening and how to fix. In fact this error
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'. > com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdkx.x.x_xx\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2
can have many reasons to happen but certainly not something related to your JDK version so don't wast your time in wrong direction.
These are two main reasons for this to happen
You have same library or jar file included several places and some of them conflicting with each other.
You are about to or already exceeded 65k method limit
First case can be fixed as follows:
Find out which dependencies you have included multiple times. In order to do this run following command in android studio terminal
gradlew -q dependencies yourProjectName_usually_app:dependencies --configuration compile
this will return all the dependencies but jar files that you include from lib folder
try to get rid of duplication marked with asterisk (*), this is not always possible but in some cases you still can do it, after this try to exclude modules that are included many times, you can do it like this
compile ('com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.0.1'){
exclude module: 'support-v4'
}
For the second case when you exceeding method limit suggestion is to try to minimize it by removing included libraries (note sounds like first solution) if no way to do it add multiDexEnabled true to your defaultConfig
defaultConfig {
...
...
multiDexEnabled true
}
this increases method limit but it is not the best thing to do because of possible performance issues
IMPORTANT adding only multiDexEnabled true to defaultConfig is not enough in fact on all devices running android <5 Lollipop it will result in unexpected behavior and NoClassDefFoundError. how to solve it is described here

I didn't know (by then) that "compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])" compile all that has jar extension on libs folder, so i just comment (or delete) this lines:
//compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.9.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.2.0'
//compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.2.0'
//compile files('libs/spotify-web-api-android-master-0.1.0.jar')
//compile files('libs/okio-1.3.0.jar')
and it works fine. Thanks anyway! My bad.

I had the same issue and I fixed removing the library that were unnecessary
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
I removed that library and I could run the project without any problem.

Mine got solved by enabling multiDex for debug builds.
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}

I Reject Embedded JDK ( in 32bit ) because embedded JDK is 64bit
Right click your Project -> Open Module Setting -> SDK Location -> Uncheck Use embedded JDk then set your JDK Path, eg in Ubuntu /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386

Possible problem: You have exceeded dex 65k methods limit, may be you added some library or several methods before problem occurred?

If You have already updated your SDK and You also using google-play-services then you need to take care of the dependency because there are some kind of conflics with :
Follow the below : compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:+' Replace by compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:6.5.87'
Note: Here '6.5.87' is the google-play-service version. I hope it will help..

I think it's conflicts of .jar file in your project.
I have removed android-support-v4.jar from libs folder and its working !!!
if your project gives error, check in your build.gradle file
dependencies {
}

In my case, the problem was that the new library (gradle dependency) that I had added was relying on some other dependencies and two of those underlying dependencies were conflicting/clashing with some dependencies of other libraries/dependencies in my build script. Specifically, I added Apache Commons Validator (for email validation), and two of its dependencies (Apache Commons Logging and Apache Commons Collections) were conflicting with those used by Robolectric (because different versions of same libraries were present in my build path). So I excluded those conflicting versions of dependencies (modules) when adding the new dependency (the Validator):
compile ('commons-validator:commons-validator:1.4.1') {
exclude module: 'commons-logging'
exclude module: 'commons-collections'
}
You can see the dependencies of your gradle module(s) (you might have only one module in your project) using the following gradle command (I use the gradle wrapper that gets created for you if you have created your project in Android Studio/Intellij Idea). Run this command in your project's root directory:
./gradlew :YOUR-MODULE-NAME:dependencies
After adding those exclude directives and retrying to run, I got a duplicate file error for NOTICE.txtthat is used by some apache commons libraries like Logging and Collections. I had to exclude that text file when packaging. In my build.gradle, I added:
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
It turned out that the new library (the Validator) can work with slightly older versions of its dependencies/modules (which are already imported into my build path by another library (Robolectric)). This was the case with this specific library, but other libraries might be using the latest API of the underlying dependencies (in which case you have to try to see if the other libraries that rely on the conflicting module/dependency are able to work with the newer version (by excluding the older version of the module/dependecy under those libraries's entries)).

In my case, I got this error when there are 2 or more libraries conflict (same library but different versions). Check your app build.gradle in dependencies block.

There are two alternatives that'll work for sure:
Clean your project and then build.
If the above method didn't worked, try the next.
Add the following to build.gradle file at app level
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}

Updating my Java SDK to the latest version 1.7.0_79 and updating the SDK Location under Project Structure solved the problem for me.

My problem was that apart from having
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException:
com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException:
org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command
'/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.X.X_XX.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java''
finished with non-zero exit value 2
I had this trace as well:
Uncaught translation error: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
already added: Lcom/mypackage/ClassX;
The problem was that I was adding the same class in two differents libraries. Removing the class/jar file from one of the libraries, the project run properly

For me i was adding the whole playstore dependencies
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.4.0'
But i needed google map only , so i made it more specific and the error was resolved.
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:8.4.0'

in my case problem was build tools version which was 23.0.0 rc3 and i changed to 22.0.1 and my problem fixed.

You may be using a low quality cable/defected cable to connect your device to the PC, I replaced the cable and it worked for me.

This error is because of using more number of libraries.in my case 'compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-9.4.0' caused this error.To avoid this error use necessary libraries.for example if you want to use Maps in your app.Then use
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:9.4.0'.while adding google play services dependency specify the needed libraries only.by default it includes all the libraries.

In Your gradle.build file, Use this
"compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])"
And it works fine.

If you want to see what exactly is causing the error, try building your project via gradle terminal, like this ./gradlew assembleDebug --stacktrace --debug . I've seen the following error in my case com.android.dex.DexIndexOverflowException: method ID not in [0, 0xffff]: 65536
This happened when I was trying to entegrate Google Maps to my project. To fix it, I simply checked libraries I was including
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:9.8.0'
I simply changed it to
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:9.8.0'
and problem was gone

I had the same error after converting my project to Kotlin. My problem was that my jre location was changed to an invalid path during the process (I wonder why this could happen... made me waste time). Fixed it by doing this:
File > Project Structure > SDK Location
Unchecked the Use embedded JDK option, which was pointing to an old JDK installation, and selected the correct one:
/home/my_user/jdk1.8.0_101
After changing this, the error disappeared

WORKED FOR ME :)
i upgraded the java to the latest version 8 previously it was 7 and then go to OPEN MODULE SETTING right clicking on project and changed the jdk path to /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle the new java 8 installed. And restart the studio
check in /usr/lib/jvm for java 8 folder name
I am using ubuntu

Gradle and nested non-transitive dependencies

Here is a test project: click
I have a test Gradle Android project with three modules: app, library_a, library_b. app depends on library_a, then library_a depends on library_b:
build.gradle (app)
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_a")){
transitive = false;
}
}
build.gradle (library_a)
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_b")){
transitive = false;
}
}
Note that I set transitive = false because I don't want classes from library_b to be accessed from app
Every module has just one class, code is pretty simple:
app:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//...
ClassA classA = new ClassA();
classA.doSomething();
}
}
library_a:
public class ClassA
{
public void doSomething(){
Log.i("Test", "Done A!");
ClassB classB = new ClassB();
classB.doSomething();
}
}
library_b:
public class ClassB
{
public void doSomething(){
Log.i("Test", "Done B!");
}
}
Well, here is the problem: I'm building my project with gradlew. Apk is compiling successfully, but when I run it I get NoClassDefFoundError.
I/Test﹕ Done A!
E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: ru.pvolan.library_b.ClassB
at ru.pvolan.somelibrary.ClassA.doSomething(ClassA.java:12)
...
If I set transitive = true in both .gradle files, it runs ok, but, as I noted above, I don't want dependency to be transitive, as far as I don't want ClassB can be accessed from MainActivity - only ClassA.
What am I doing wrong?

This is a problem that Gradle has simplified in Gradle v3.4.
If you convert library A to use v3.4 there is a simple fix.
Gradle 3.4 changes the "compile" configuration to a set of configurations "api" and "implementation".
First you should upgrade gradle to 3.4 and use the java-library plugin in lieu of the java plugin.
You should use the "api" configuration on any jar that is explicitly used in the API method calls (return type, input parameters, etc).
For all other jars that you want to "hide" (like Library B) you should use the "implementation" configuration. As Library B is only used within the body of implementation methods there is no need to expose it to any other jars at compile time; however it still needs to be available at runtime so Library A can use it.
To implement this your Library A script should replace
apply plugin: 'java'
dependencies {
...
compile (project(":library_b")){
transitive = false;
}
}
with
apply plugin: 'java-library'
dependencies {
implementation project(":library_b")
}
This change will tell Gradle to include Library B as a runtime dependency of app, so that app cannot compile against it, but Library B still will be available at runtime for Library A to use. If for some reason app ends up needing Library B in the future, it would be forced to explicitly include Library B in it's dependency list to ensure it gets the desired version.
See this description from Gradle itself for more details and examples:
https://blog.gradle.org/incremental-compiler-avoidance

The problem is that library_b is a required dependency. You can't simply exclude it, since you need it to be on the classpath at runtime. You are effectively misrepresenting your actual dependencies in order to enforce a code convention and therefore losing any advantage of leveraging a dependency management system like Gradle. If you want to enforce class or package blacklist I'd suggest using a source analysis tool like PMD. Here's an an example of a rule to blacklist specific classes.
If that is not possible for some reason you can get your above example to "work" by simply adding library_b to the runtime classpath of app.
dependencies {
runtime project(':library_b')
}

Do you use multidex?
When I had a problem like this I used multidex and called class from different module. I could fix it only by turning off multidex and running proguard.
UPD
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.0"
defaultConfig {
...
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
...
// Enabling multidex support.
multiDexEnabled true
}
...
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
}
more about multi dex https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html
and about proguard http://developer.android.com/tools/help/proguard.html