In-App Billing Security and Design questions - android

I have a few questions connected to Android In-App Billing:
Is it possible to make a purchase from non-Market app? I understand that it would be a vulnerability, but I have no opportunity to find out if it's possible or not.
How can I get purchase state for a particular product? As far as I understand it can be done using RESTORE_TRANSACTIONS request, but it's not recommended to use very often. That's not a theoretical problem. My application allows users to buy content using in-app billing. Content can be downloaded from a server, and server must allow content downloading only if it was purchased. But it can't check if content was purchased or not without using signed response from Android Market.
How can I get price and description of an item from Android Market? Seems that I know the answer and it's "there's no way it can be done", but maybe I'm wrong. It would be very useful to have a possibility of retrieving item's price.
It's very interesting to me how you solved/are going to solve these problems in your apps. Answer to any of these questions will be appreciated.

In order:
1- Nope. The in-app billing process is part of Market. If the app comes from elsewhere, there's no way for Market to verify the origin/authenticity of the application.
2- It's your responsibility to store the purchase state for a particular product. From the doc:
You must set up a database or some other mechanism for storing users' purchase information.
RESTORE_TRANSACTIONS should be reserved for reinstalls or first-time installs on a device.
3- Unfortunately, at this time you're right. File a feature request!
In the meantime, one option is to set up a website with appengine, store listings of all your content & pricing there, and then manually sync prices listed on your appengine server with the updated prices in Market. Then have your Android app pull the data from the AppEngine server. This is much better than hardcoding price values into the app itself, since you don't need to have everyone update the app immediately to see accurate pricing whenever you change something. The only caveat of this method is that if the user is in a different country, in-app billing will display an approximated price in their native currency, and there's no way for you to determine exactly what price will be displayed to them.
Related, One of the Android Developer Advocates is giving a talk on LVL/IAP at IO, called "Evading Pirates and Stopping Vampires using License Verification Library, In-App Billing, and App Engine." - It would definitely be worth your while to watch when they release the session videos on the website.

Related

Transfer In App Purchases from one app to another on Android

Okay, something really dumb happened to my friend.
He submitted an Android application a few weeks ago that offers In-App Purchases to the user.
Now, he needed to update the .apk to fix a bug, but he actually lost the keystore that he used to sign the application the other day (what a dumbass...). He tells me it's definitely lost. He exhausted all options to find or restore it, but without success. So, as he understands, the only way to submit the update is to actually create a new application in the Google Play Developer Console. He is so dumb, I always tell him to do backups of important files, he just won't listen (wow, really, such a blockhead...)!!!! sigh...
Luckily, he only had a handful of users who actually purchased something in his app during that time. However, I would like to know (for my friend) if there is any way to transfer the In App Purchases from the same user from the old app to the new one, so that the users who bought something in the app and now want to update it, won't get punished for his stupidity and have to purchase the same items again....
AFAIK, there is no way to do that. The only option is to refund them and ask them to buy again in the new app. I believe refunding can be done by logging in to Merchant account.
Google Play does not provide any form of content delivery. You are
responsible for delivering the digital content that you sell in your
applications. In-app products are always explicitly associated with
one and only one app. That is, one application cannot purchase an
in-app product published for another app, even if they are from the
same developer.
And BTW, Does the app have any backend? Where in he saved data of all purchases made?

Android purchase date of application

Is it possible to check what date the app was actually purchased, Not the in-app purchases, the actual date the user purchased the original application from the google store. I have found things like packageInfo.firstInstallTime, but that changes if you clear the device and reinstall etc.
I'm not sure if this is on-topic, but the only way to store data across installations is to persist it somewhere (like a server). You would have to get the gmail account associated with the purchase, associate a purchase ID and then check purchase date.
This is flawed because a re-install on a new device would look the same as a re-install on an existing device. It's also possible for a user to have two devices with the same gmail account, and therefore two (or more) active, valid installs and a single purchase. Most, but not all devices have a unique device ID.
And while there is no Official Google Play API (to request the data from Google), here is a good link for unofficial/creative options for search and content, but nothing for transaction data (which would probably lead to security risks without an official API):
how to get information of google play store in my android application?

Best way possible to store in-app purchases

Before I ask the question, I have gone through the Android In-App billing documentation, and some similar questions on StackOverflow like this. Also I am guessing this question may be closed or down-voted, as its not a direct programming question and is subjective in nature. But still, here it goes.
The implementation works fine. My question is what would be a good way to store the in-app purchases locally. In my case, there is only one one-time unlockable item which unlocks full functionality of the app, and does not expire or get consumed.
Shared Preferences seems a little too easy for piracy. Even though querying the Google Play works fine and seems relatively secure, is it good enough to rely on? Since the documentation recommends to make the call asynchronously, it doesn't sound like a good idea that the user who has paid for the unlocked features, might have to wait to get access to the unlocked features. Also, when the GP cache is cleared, it takes longer than usual (which might be a rare scenario).
But seeing that there are so many apps and developers, I am wondering how other developers handle it?
Actually i think that your question will be closed for a few different reasons, but i will give you some insights.
You have a few options, depending on the nature of the products, and in some other things.
If the product is valid for life time, or depending on time (for instante, updates for a year) you can rely in google play, and that could be good.
If the product is something that the user will expend in different ways inside the application, such as in-game currency, extra lives, etc, you should save it locally, in a sqlite database, or in a remote database if you want to use a server to centralize some services.
If you take a look at the section "Consume a Purchase" of the guide purchase iab products you can read:
Once an item is purchased, it is considered to be "owned" and cannot
be purchased again from Google Play while in that state. You must send
a consumption request for the item before Google Play makes it
available for purchase again. All managed in-app products are
consumable. How you use the consumption mechanism in your app is up to
you. Typically, you would implement consumption for products with
temporary benefits that users may want to purchase multiple times (for
example, in-game currency or replenishable game tokens). You would
typically not want to implement consumption for products that are
purchased once and provide a permanent effect (for example, a premium
upgrade).
For consumable products:
It's your responsibility to control and track how the in-app product
is provisioned to the user. For example, if the user purchased in-game
currency, you should update the player's inventory with the amount of
currency purchased.
Security Recommendation: You must send a consumption request before
provisioning the benefit of the consumable in-app purchase to the
user. Make sure that you have received a successful consumption
response from Google Play before you provision the item.
Anyways, at any range i would recommend to keep track of all the products that an user buys and all the privileges that he has by yourself, since it is faster, and it could be useful for some other things like custom stats, reporting, etc.
You should use a backend web server if you're concerned about piracy. Google has a web api for checking if a purchase is legit. Have the device contact your web server. Have the web server validate with Google. If valid then let the device download your assets from the server.
If the in app item is not an asset, but a consumable item like in a game maybe have your server return an encrypted string that your app knows how to decipher.
If you rely completely on locally stored purchase info it will be very easy to spoof.

Android In-App-Purchase, how to check if user have purchased one item

is that OK and safe to set a value in SharedPreference to flag that the user have purchased this item? What if user hack this value in SharedPreference. Or I need to connect IAP service everytime to check that before user can use it?
(1) What is the best practice when I use Google Android IAP V3?
(2) And also if user's device have no Google Play installed, I may want to use paypal to make the payment, but how to track the purchase and unlock the features for users if I ask user to use simple paypal payment to get a license key? I do not want to use any other billing SDK, if with Paypal web page to buy the license, How to implement this?
(1) What is the best practice when I use Google Android IAP V3?
--> official document says that only payment transaction will be handle by google play itself, but in the application you have to set your business logic how you handle UI integration and other things after product purchase. You can also go with the in app purchase v3.
(2) And also if user's device have no Google Play installed, I may want to use paypal to make the payment, but how to track the purchase and unlock the features for users if I ask user to use simple paypal payment to get a license key? I do not want to use any other billing SDK, if with Paypal web page to buy the license, How to implement this?
--> You can ask user to update google play version dynamically. Google developer doc says more than 90% device using 2.2 os with installed google play store. I could not say any thing about paypal transaction because I haven't use it before, but yes in app purchase using v3 is very simple to implement and understand the payment process.
How to use in your application
Three way to manage your application's product data.
1) SharedPrefrence:
you can use the share prefrence value and check whether it is purchased or not. if in case user uninstalled the app and then re-install the app then you can check whether user has purchased or not, at this you get the item is already purchased. And you have to manage the user to access your application data.
2) local database:
you can also use local sqlite database to store the purchase detail and purchase status. and same as above if user clear data or uninstall the app then request for the purchase item again and check whether user purchased item or not.
or
2) Server database:
It is the better way compare to above if you are using web server to store the user data. In this type, you doesn't even need to manage for the second time for the case if user uninstall the app or clear the application data.
3) obfuscation: (Most efficient way compare to shared prefrence)
EDIT:
is that OK and safe to set a value in SharedPreference to flag that the user have purchased this item? What if user hack this value in SharedPreference. Or I need to connect IAP service everytime to check that before user can use it?
While I am searching on internet I found Nikolay Elenkov's answer like below:
If you just save a flag in shared preferences, any user with a rooted
device can flip the flag at will and be 'subscribed' without paying.
So you should at least do some obfuscation. Here's a sample way to do
it. Additionally, there is an API to check for subscription state, so
you should check periodically to make sure the subscription is valid.
more information check Nikolay Elenkov's answer
What is the best for billing Either In app purchase or Paypal?
It is depends on the product type,
--> In app billing: Best for google in app billing,
For the digital products including downloadable content such as media
files or
photos, virtual content such as game levels or potions, premium
services and features, and more.
http://developer.android.com/google/play/billing/index.html
--> Paypal: Best for Paypal billing,
For physical content or product do you want to share. You are not
permitted to sell physical goods or services using 'In-App Purchasing'
since the goods purchased via this method must relate directly to the
app using them.
Purchase physical product from iPhone app without Apple in app purchase
Hope it will help you.
from the documentation:
Because the Google Play client now caches In-app Billing information
locally on the device, you can use the Version 3 API to query for this
information more frequently, for example through a getPurchases call.
Unlike with previous versions of the API, many Version 3 API calls
will be serviced through cache lookups instead of through a network
connection to Google Play, which significantly speeds up the API's
response time.
Which basically means you can look up the purchase each time and the Play Store app will respond pretty much right away.
From my experience I can assure you of one thing.
** In fact it's bad to put a flag with a bool saying if it's premium or not **.
What I do is obfuscate the shared code
After I create some strange strings or numbers that only identify through the code inside the app if the user is a premium user.
Along with this, except for a numeric code within the database that identifies the type of purchase. So by checking both I can make sure the user is premium.
At this point if they want to cheat me with the root of the phone they should first understand how the code of my app works and then understand where to interact, because if only the shared preferences change, nothing will change and they will be whipped.
** This doesn't translate to high security, but at least the security level is higher and the root won't be able to get a reward that easily. Also because they should understand what are the exact codes to insert in the shared, in the database and look for them by removing the obfuscation. I honestly don't think it's worth it for them. **
As what Kuffs has mentioned, it is best to query the app-side implementation of the In-App Billing library which in turn queries the device's Google Play client. This will ensure that the purchase history most recently obtained from the Google Play servers would be reliable and relatively fresh information.
Also, keep in mind that if you are distributing the app on Google Play you MUST use the Google Play payment mechanism via In-App Billing. As it stands, Google Play and Wallet do NOT yet support Paypal or wire/bank transfer methods so you should not integrate the option if you are releasing it on Play.
http://play.google.com/about/developer-content-policy.html#payments

Coupons for In-app Billing

We are about to release an application on the Android Market, with In-app Billing for subscription that unlocks certain features for a the subscription period.
My boss now wants me to implement varying number of "free subscriptions" in the sense that:
The "lucky user" downloads & installs the application from the Android Market like any other customer (always free to install, but premium features require payment via In-app Billing).
The "lucky user" receives some key via email that allows him or her to avoid going through the In-app Billing checkout process (i.e. actually pay).
The key can only be used once.
Entering the key via a menu item, enables subscription for X months, as if he actually paid via In-app Billing.
The "key" basically acts like a coupon, but I haven't found any such option in the Publisher's Console.
Do you know of any such feature or a simple way to implement the above without duplicating the customer database on our (the publishers) server?
I actually dove into this subject maybe 2, 3 months ago. My conclusion was that currently there's no way of setting up this system, without using your own server.
Generating unique coupon-codes and expiring them on use is pretty straightforward. Let the user enter the code, send a POST-request to your server, hash the code both client- and server-side and see if they match. Next, expire the code serverside and you're set. It does however make your app vulnerable to piracy (if it isn't already); if you have a high-profile app, make sure to implement security checks (e.g. check SSL certificates to prevent a man-in-the-middle attack).
The hard part is reinstating previously acquired 'freebies' when users reinstall your app or change phones/firmware. For this purpose you're going to need a stable and reliable (cross-device) form of identification (e.g. access to the user's main Google-account on the phone). If you use user-provided e-mailaddresses, it's too easy to just enter someone else's e-mailaddress. If you were to implement a coupon-system, I would advise against reinstating 'freebies'.
I know this is a really old thread, but I had a similar need and found an official solution. For anyone who comes here for a solution:
Google introduced Promotional Codes couple of years ago and that is exactly what you're looking for.
You can create Promo Codes on the Play Console under Your App -> User Acquisition -> Promotion.
You can use promotions to give users a paid app or in-app product for free with a promo code. You can create promotions to reward loyal fans, acquire new users, and reconnect with previous users. Learn more.
yuo can add a screen for enter a coupons.
and the user can go in there and insrert his code and if it is correct you can give him whatever you want.

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