I have an Android application which has the main UI thread, and several other worker threads which I have spawned using ASyncTask.
However, there is a scenario that I can produce every time in which I attempt to spawn a new thread with ASyncTask using task.execute(), and it does not call doInBackground(). The thread never seems to start. Then my application seems to spin for a little while, and then begins to hang.
Here are the threads I am using:
And here is the memory usage on the device:
It does not look as though it is failing to spawn due to memory issues.
Is there some other underlying reason that I do not know of? Maximum number of threads? Is there any way for me to find out why it is not executing?
AsyncTask uses a ThreadPoolExecutor used internally with a core pool size of 5 and a LinkedBlockingQueue. In simpler terms: you can have atmost 5 AsyncTasks active at the same time. Additional tasks will be queued till one of the other AsyncTasks does not return from doInBackground().
You may want to review your code to free up some AsyncTasks. If thats not possible, you can try to create a CustomAsyncTask class in your project based on the original AsyncTask code which can be found here. Try setting the CORE_POOL_SIZE variable to a higher value or using a SynchronousQueue.
Did you read the docs?
Note: this function schedules the task on a queue for a single
background thread or pool of threads depending on the platform
version. When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a
single background thread. Starting with DONUT, this was changed to a
pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. After
HONEYCOMB, it is planned to change this back to a single thread to
avoid common application errors caused by parallel execution. If you
truly want parallel execution, you can use the
executeOnExecutor(Executor, Params...) version of this method with
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR; however, see commentary there for warnings on
its use.
Source
Related
I'm following this tutorial to create an XML reader with options to download multiple feeds at once. Are there any downsides to executing multiple AsyncTasks (max 3) simultaneously? I'm going to add a timer to check if they finished.
Running multiple AsyncTasks at the same time -- not possible? It is possible. However it could be, that due to the cpu depending on each device, one is faster than the other. But as #Alex already answered, you wont get "real" multitasking. Haven't it tried yet I would assume, that doing it all in one AsyncTask is faster. And you could reuse the connection you established to the server.
For better architecture I'll choose 1 AsyncTask per request. It is easier to manage actual request. Also it would be easier to modify (add/remove request).
Downsides of executing multiple AsyncTasks depend on your knowledge of AsyncTask lifecycle. You need to execute it correctly (depends on android version).
Good article about the dark side of Async tasks http://bon-app-etit.blogspot.com.by/2013/04/the-dark-side-of-asynctask.html
They won't be run simultaneously, but serially. See here:
When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single
background thread. Starting with DONUT, this was changed to a pool of
threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting with
HONEYCOMB, tasks are executed on a single thread to avoid common
application errors caused by parallel execution.
If you truly want parallel execution, you can invoke
executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[]) with
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
android Asynctask has been modified quite frequently between different API-levels. I'm developing an Application in which i've to upload images to FTP server. i want to do that in serialized order (images upload after one-another by one image upload per asyntask). I understand the SERIAL_EXECUTOR and THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR stuff, but i just want some clarity about what is the default behavior of asynctask ( my min. target API is ICS 4.0 ). if i simply execute say 10 asyncs' in a loop, will they go to thread queue and execute one by one or they'll just go parallel ?
Look in the AsyncTask documentation:
When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single
background thread. Starting with DONUT, this was changed to a pool
of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting
with HONEYCOMB, tasks are executed on a single thread to avoid
common application errors caused by parallel execution.
If you truly want parallel execution, you can invoke
executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[]) with
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.
So, with min target of 14, they will be serialized.
You can't use one async task with loop inside doInBackground()? If you want to have control over them, you can invoke second async task in onPostExecute() of first.
When the user logs in into my app. I am starting an asynctask to maintain the user session. And that async task is running indefinitely till the user logs out. My problem is that when I try to start other asynctasks, their doInBackground() method is never executed.
I read somewhere that if an async task is already running, we cannot start new async task. I can confirm this because when i removed the user session async task, it worked properly. Is there a workaround?
P.S.: I have already used executeOnExecutor() method. but it didn't help.
For potentially long running operations I suggest you to use Service rather than asynctask.
Start the service when the user logs in
Intent i= new Intent(context, YourService.class);
i.putExtra("KEY1", "Value to be used by the service");
context.startService(i);
And stop the service when the user logs out
stopService(new Intent(this,YourService.class));
To get to know more about Service you can refer this
Service : Android developers
Service : Vogella
To know more about asynctask vs service you can refer this
Android: AsyncTask vs Service
When to use a Service or AsyncTask or Handler?
I read somewhere that if an async task is already running, we cannot start new async task.
Yes,That is fact that you can't run more then 5 (five) AsyncTaskat same time below the API 11 but for more yes you can using executeOnExecutor.
AsyncTask uses a thread pool pattern for running the stuff from doInBackground(). The issue is initially (in early Android OS versions) the pool size was just 1, meaning no parallel computations for a bunch of AsyncTasks. But later they fixed that and now the size is 5, so at most 5 AsyncTasks can run simultaneously.
I have figure out Some Threading rules and i found one major rule is below ,
The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if a second execution is attempted.)
What is definition of AsyncTask?
AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows to perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without having to manipulate threads and/or handlers.
How & Where use it?
AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around Thread and Handler and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks should ideally be used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.) If you need to keep threads running for long periods of time, it is highly recommended to use it.
Why you can't use multiple AsyncTask at same time ?
There are a few threading rules that must be followed for this class to work properly:
The AsyncTask class must be loaded on the UI thread. This is done automatically as of JELLY_BEAN.
The task instance must be created on the UI thread.
execute(Params...) must be invoked on the UI thread.
Do not call onPreExecute(), onPostExecute(Result), doInBackground(Params...), onProgressUpdate(Progress...) manually.
The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if a second execution is attempted.)
Running multiple AsyncTasks at the same time — not possible?
Test sample of parallel excution of AsyncTasks
Try Executor
You should go with Executor that will mange your multiple thread parallel.
Executor executor = anExecutor;
executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());
executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());
...
Sample Example 1
Sample Example 2
Just like a few others here, I object to the premise of the question.
Your core problem is that you are using an AsyncTask to perform a task beyond its scope. Others have noted this too. Those who offer solutions that can mitigate your problem through low-level threads (even java.util.Concurrent is low-level which is why Scala uses Akka actors as an abstraction), Service, etc. are quite clever, but they are treating the symptom rather than curing the disease.
As for what you should be doing, you are not the first to want to maintain a user session in an Android application. This is a solved problem. The common thread (no pun intended) in these solutions is the use of SharedPreferences. Here is a straightforward example of doing this. This Stack Overflow user combines SharedPreferences with OAuth to do something more sophisticated.
It is common in software development to solve problems by preventing them from happening in the first place. I think you can solve the problem of running simultaneous AsyncTasks by not running simultaneous AsyncTasks. User session management is simply not what an AsyncTask is for.
If you are developing for API 11 or higher, you can use AsyncTask.executeOnExecutor() allowing for multiple AsyncTasks to be run at once.
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask.html#executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Params...)
I'll share with you, what we do on our App.
To keep user Session (We use OAuth with access/refresh tokens), we create a Singleton in our Application extended class. Why we declare this Singleton inside the MainApplication class? (Thats the name of our class), because your Singleton's life will be tided to the Activity that has created it, so if your Application is running on low memory and Garbage Collector collects your paused Activities, it will release your Singleton instance because it's associated to that Activity.
Creating it inside your Application class will let it live inside your RAM as long as the user keeps using your app.
Then, to persists that session cross application uses, we save the credentials inside SharedPreferences encrypting the fields.
yes starting 2 or more asynctasks simultaneously may cause issues on some devices. i had experienced this issue few months back. i could not predict when the 2nd asyncTask would fail to run. The issue was intermittent may caused by usage of memory as i was executing ndk code in asynctask. but i remember well that it depended on memory of device.
Similar question had been asked before. I would post the link for the similar question.
AsyncTask.executeOnExecutor() before API Level 11
Some users suggest go for Service. My advice is don't go for that path yet. Using service is much more complicated. Even you are using service, you still have to deal with threading, as
Note that services, like other application objects, run in the main
thread of their hosting process. This means that, if your service is
going to do any CPU intensive (such as MP3 playback) or blocking (such
as networking) operations, it should spawn its own thread in which to
do that work....
If we can solve a problem in elegant way, don't go for the complicated way.
I would suggest that, try one of the APIs in java.util.concurrent as suggested in below
AsyncTask is designed to be a helper class around Thread and Handler
and does not constitute a generic threading framework. AsyncTasks
should ideally be used for short operations (a few seconds at the
most.) If you need to keep threads running for long periods of time,
it is highly recommended you use the various APIs provided by the
java.util.concurrent pacakge such as Executor, ThreadPoolExecutor and
FutureTask.
I can't give you any code example so far, as I do not know how you design your session managing mechanism.
If you think your long running session managing task shouldn't bind to the life cycle of your main application life cycle, then only you might want to consider Service. However, bear in mind that, communication among your main application and Service is much more cumbersome and complicated.
For more details, please refer to http://developer.android.com/guide/components/services.html, under section Should you use a service or a thread?
How does the handler message queue work? I know for a fact that the message queue is tied to the thread it is initialized in. If i have 2 tasks(each download from the web), and I initiate an async task from the handler,one for each, will the 2 tasks be executed simultaneously?
I just need to understand, how the queue works..
could anyone please help! :)
First of all, AsyncTask can be executed only on the UI thread. So, even if you have two separate handlers (one for each AsyncTask) they should be both associated with the UI thread.
Secondary, several AsyncTask instances may run either simultaneously or one by one. It depends on the API version. It is better to read documentation about this:
public final AsyncTask execute (Params... params)
Executes the task with the specified parameters.
The task returns itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference
to it.
Note: this function schedules the task on a queue for a single
background thread or pool of threads depending on the platform
version. When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a
single background thread. Starting with DONUT, this was changed to a
pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel.
Starting HONEYCOMB, tasks are back to being executed on a single
thread to avoid common application errors caused by parallel
execution. If you truly want parallel execution, you can use the
executeOnExecutor(Executor, Params...) version of this method with
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR; however, see commentary there for warnings on
its use.
I have an application that uses a lot of AsyncTasks, the problem I have is that a particularly important task is not being started for upto a couple of minutes after I call execute.
If I use the following for my ICS devices it works;
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11)
{
myTask.executeOnExecutor( AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, stuff );
}
as opposed to this on pre-ICS;
myTask.execute(stuff);
I am aware that ICS has changed thread execution to be serialised but I can't figure out what is holding up the thread queue.
There are about 20 threads listed in debug in eclipse, but I have read around that perhaps this is not correct as the debugger tends to keep displaying ones that aren't really there.
How do I figure out which threads are holding up the serialised queue so i don't have to switch from the default on ICS, and perhaps even improve performance of pre-ICS devices that arne't seeing the problems due to the thread pool executor being default behaviour.
How do I figure out which threads are holding up the serialised queue
Add Log statements to track entry and exit from the relevant doInBackground() methods.
and perhaps even improve performance of pre-ICS devices that arne't seeing the problems due to the thread pool executor being default behaviour.
You don't need to use AsyncTask. Just fork your own thread and use stuff like runOnUiThread() as a means of executing logic back on the main application thread. AsyncTask is a convenience, not a requirement. And, for an outlier high-priority task, it may make more sense for you to simply keep that away from any thread pool contention.
Or, clone and fork AsyncTask to use a PriorityQueue, so you can explicitly indicate your high-priority tasks.