Develop Reference

Start an activity from any other app

I'm designing an app composed two activities. The first one always run, and is asked to trigger a second one when some stuff happens. This works fine with the standard code used for running activities:
Intent myIntent = new Intent(this, allarme.class);
myIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(myIntent);
however, the activity in allarme.class is not started if i'm using another app (i.e. gmail),
whilel it works perfectly from home or when the screen is locked.
I'm sure that the first activity is still running, it's just that the second action is not triggered.
Should I change anything in the manifest file to fix this?

I'm not really clear about what you want.
but I guess you want to run two activities simultaneously, am I right?
while one activity run in background and one activity update the UI.
always keep in mind that Android architecture only allowed one activity to run at the time. If you want to pass the data from Asynchronous Task, you can call the method from that class and let your handler 'recent' class update the UI.

You can create a background service that always run at background even if you are using another app or phone is locked. Here is link for more help :
http://developer.android.com/training/run-background-service/create-service.html

Thanks everybody, I think I solved it.
Basically, I found out that an activity already running can be brought to focus when re-started with a basic startActivity. Then I can immediatley switch to the new activity without losing the focus.

Stop application from running in background?

How to stop application from running in background in android?
I want my application to start fresh everytime it loads. How to do it programatically.

Override onStop method of your activity:
#Override
public void onStop(){
super.onStop();
finish();
}
But I think it's a bad idea to restart your app each time. It's better to override onStart method, and handle "restart" here.
Actually, your app doesn't "run" in background. Android OS keeps it in memory, or saves state of your activity to device (and then you can load it, using savedInstanceState param in onCreate method).

You can use onResume event to reload again, or look here.
EDIT:
Actually you need to use these functions to reload your application when user navigate it.

After adding finish();
This code will completely stop the application.
System.runFinalizersOnExit(true);
System.exit(0);
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());

The whole Android ecosystem is based on the fact that the user shouldn't have to worry about "terminating" or "starting from scratch" an application. If you need to start your application from scratch every time, that's probably because you have tasks in your "scratch" that shouldn;t be there, and should probably be somewhere in onResume.
Please give us more details if you want a more detailed answer.

you should make use of Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP to finish all other activities running in activity pool and call the first activity where you can ask to exit from app

Not able to kill 2 activities at the same time. why is that?

I'm trying to kill 2 activities on the onclick of a button. The current activity and the previous activity. Using their pids. I'm just able to kill one activity. Why does this happen?
public void onClick(View v) {
android.os.Process.killProcess(pidofmain);
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
}
If I see in my logcat, The activity with pid "pidofmain" is getting killed whereas the current activity is not getting killed.
"pidofmain" is an integer i received from the previous activity using an intent.

Leave process killing to the OS. This is bad for any kind of program in a timesharing OS. If you want to conserve memory or something like that, let the OS handle it.
Also you can't really know if the process was correctly killed because well, if it is you wouldn't know, and if it doesn't you were not supposed to do it.
What do you want to do this for?

A much better way to do this is to call finish() for the current activity. You can also signal the previous activity to finish if it calls the current activity using startActivityForResult(Intent). The current activity would call setResult(int) before calling finish() to send a return code back to the previous activity. The previous activity can test the return code in onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) and also call finish() based on the result code.
Killing processes should be left to the OS. Once the activities finish, the will kill it off if it needs the resources. Otherwise it can let it around, which might help speed up a relaunch of your app if the user wants to run it again.

This isn't a definitive answer, but more like some thoughts that I have but it's too late for my to fire up Eclipse and prototype them. If it doesn't help you let me know and I'll try to look into it deeper tomorrow night.
A few thoughts (I hope they help):
1) Android apps really are single-threaded, and your main activity controls all the dispatch events (including events to what I assume to be a second thread that you created). If you kill the main activity, I'm pretty sure that your application would terminate execution immediately following your first call to android.os.Process.killProcess(pidofmain), and you'd never make it to your second call because you would have killed your entire application. Again, this is assuming by the variable name pidofmain that you are killing the main UI thread and not just an activity called main.
2) I'm a little curious also about where you got pidofmain? It sounds like you have three activities total, and in the first activity you get it's process id and send it to the second activity in an intent bundle, which also gets passed along to a third activity (which is the place where you're trying to kill this whole thing)? If that is the case, and you're trying to kill the currently running activity, the table in the documentation here leads me to believe that you can't just kill an activity that's in the resumed state using the same method. Official Android Docs for Activity You might want to try calling the finish() method for your currently running activity.
What exactly do you see in logcat? And what happens in the UI? Does the visible activity continue to run, but the other activity has been removed from the backstack?

variables retaining values after app close

My app is retaining all of the variable values when it closes and this is effecting how it runs when reopened. Is there any way to reset them all upon app close? or is there a way to clean the app from memory when it is closed so to speak? For the moment I have just been setting all of the important variables "=0" in the last few lines of execution but I know there must be a correct way to doing this.
EDIT:
OK I thought that it would just be easier to reply here instead of individually to everyone.
The app is indeed staying alive in the background, I checked with advanced task killer. How would I get the ap to "Die" by presing the back button? I think this would be the easiest solution given how the app works:
open app > press start button > press stop button > results screen > press back button to exit.
so basically each time the app runs should be an independant execution.

Override the onPause, onResume, and onDestroy methods. onPause should save anything upon pausing, onResume should reload these values when it is resumed, and onDestroy will be called when your app closes. You can clean up stuff in onDestroy. See this link.

You app is probably not closing but remaining in background. Check advanced task manager and see if the app is running or not.

You need to familiarize yourself with the Activity Lifecycle.
You could leverage onResume() to reset your variables; also note onDestory() and onPause().
UPDATE:
Killing the application in its entirety each time the app moves to the background is an anti-pattern. You should really look at your application and follow the aforementioned activity lifecycle pattern and take the needed steps to insure your variables exist as you desire based on state.

I like what #Alex and #Jack said. To add to that, also consider that you can call finish() in your Activity if you want to force it to close up and return to the last Activity. Going along with this, also consider the use of setResult(int) (JavaDoc Here)
You can also set a flag on the Intent when you call the Activity you are questioning about. A flag like FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY could be helpful:
If set, the new activity is not kept in the history stack. As soon as the user navigates away from it, the activity is finished. This may also be set with the noHistory attribute.
List of Intent Flags

Uninitialized variables are bad. Don't do it. ALWAYS manually reset variables before using them for the first time.

the onResume() method will let you reset the variables when the program resumes, but will also do it when you return to the activity unless you add the logic that says you are coming from in the app, not the home page. Maybe onRestart() is what you really need? I'm not positive, but it's possible with onResume.

Close activity via click on Android notification list

I'm looking to find out how to stop an activity instead of resuming upon the click of the item on the notification list. Any ideas?

Overload onNewIntent in your activity and when you get the intent from the pending intent just call finish()
Your activiy will need to be a singleInstance activity though. Otherwise, a new activity will get created on the task stack when the notification item is clicked.

Can you be more specific about what you're doing. Are you trying to write another Task-Killer-like application? or perhaps some kind of music player application? Telling us about the kind of application you're writing can help us help you.
By the way, using the term "resuming" shows that you haven't fully understood the Activity lifecycle yet. onResume is for resuming the UI thread. onRestart is the one that's used for restarting the Activity.