Develop Reference

How to Access Wifi MacAddress on latest Android devices Programmatically?

I was looking for the attributes which make a wifi Access point unique from others so macAddress is one.
Now i'm trying to find the macAddress of connected wifi. I'm following this article which works on android 6.0 (author said) but getting an error on android 11 that Attempt to get length of null array on i in 0..it.hardwareAddress.size. which means hardwareAddress array is null.
So how can we access MacAddress of Wifi on the latest android devices?
below is the code i tried:
fun getMacAddress(): String {
var stringMac = "default"
try {
val networkInterfaceList = Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces())
for (it in networkInterfaceList) {
if (it.name.lowercase() == "wlan0") {
Log.d(TAG, "getMacAddress: Yes Equals")
for (i in 0..it.hardwareAddress.size) {
var stringMacByte =
Integer.toHexString((it.hardwareAddress[i] and 0xFF.toByte()).toInt())
if (stringMacByte.length == 1) {
stringMacByte = "0$stringMacByte"
}
stringMac = stringMac + stringMacByte.toUpperCase() + ":"
}
break
}
}
return stringMac
} catch (e: SocketException) {
return stringMac
}
}

change integer.toHexstring for String.format("%02X", x), because when your mac_addr contains 0 (zero), to convert to integer will be dissapear, and you will be got an 11 digits mac, that its wrong, it should be contain 12 chars;

getMacAddress() returns null in Android 11? How to get mac address for Android 11?

{
try {
List<NetworkInterface> all = Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces());
for (NetworkInterface nif : all) {
if (!nif.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("wlan0")) continue;
byte[] macBytes = nif.getHardwareAddress();
if (macBytes == null) {
macTestResultString = "";
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.e(App.TAG, EXCEPTION + ex.getMessage());
}
return macTestResultString;
}

Getting mac address on device api more than 10 is almost impossible. Android's new security restriction no longer allow to access mac address read here.
Why do you need the mac address mention the reason might be there is some other solution that may help.

Can one programmatically obtain the MAC address of a device running Android 6.0+?

Can one programmatically obtain the MAC address of a device running Android 6.0+?
According to this,
To provide users with greater data protection, starting in this
release, Android removes programmatic access to the device’s local
hardware identifier for apps using the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth APIs. The
WifiInfo.getMacAddress() and the BluetoothAdapter.getAddress() methods
now return a constant value of 02:00:00:00:00:00.
Does that mean it's impossible to get the device's MAC address in Android 6.0+? If it's possible, can you tell me how to do it in Android Studio?
Also, this answer only applies to devices with versions of Android below 6.0

You can use an alternative way to get the MAC addr on a Android 6.0 device.
First add Internet User-Permission to your AndroidManifest.xml:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
Secondly,
try {
// get all the interfaces
List<NetworkInterface> all = Collections.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces());
//find network interface wlan0
for (NetworkInterface networkInterface : all) {
if (!networkInterface.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("wlan0")) continue;
//get the hardware address (MAC) of the interface
byte[] macBytes = networkInterface.getHardwareAddress();
if (macBytes == null) {
return "";
}
StringBuilder res1 = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : macBytes) {
//gets the last byte of b
res1.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xFF) + ":");
}
if (res1.length() > 0) {
res1.deleteCharAt(res1.length() - 1);
}
return res1.toString();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}

Get Bluetooth local mac address in Marshmallow

Pre Marshmallow my app would obtain it's device MAC address via BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getAddress().
Now with Marshmallow Android is returning 02:00:00:00:00:00.
I saw some link(sorry not sure where now) that said you need to add the additional permission
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS"/>
to be able to get it. However it isn't working for me.
Is there some additional permission needed to get the mac address?
I am not sure it is pertinent here but the manifest also includes
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
So is there a way to get the local bluetooth mac address?

zmarties is right but you can still get the mac address via reflection or Settings.Secure:
String macAddress = android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), "bluetooth_address");

Access to the mac address has been deliberately removed:
To provide users with greater data protection, starting in this release, Android removes programmatic access to the device’s local hardware identifier for apps using the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth APIs.
(from Android 6.0 Changes)

You can access Mac address from the file
"/sys/class/net/" + networkInterfaceName+ "/address" ,where networkInterfaceName can be wlan0 or eth1.But Its permission may be read-protected,so it may not work in some devices.
I am also attaching the code part which i got from SO.
public static String getWifiMacAddress() {
try {
String interfaceName = "wlan0";
List<NetworkInterface> interfaces = Collections
.list(NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces());
for (NetworkInterface intf : interfaces) {
if (!intf.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(interfaceName)) {
continue;
}
byte[] mac = intf.getHardwareAddress();
if (mac == null) {
return "";
}
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
for (byte aMac : mac) {
buf.append(String.format("%02X:", aMac));
}
if (buf.length() > 0) {
buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);
}
return buf.toString();
}
} catch (Exception exp) {
exp.printStackTrace();
}
return "";
}

First the following permissions have to be added to Manifest;
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS" />
Then,
public static final String SECURE_SETTINGS_BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS = "bluetooth_address";
String macAddress = Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), SECURE_SETTINGS_BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS);
After that the application has to be signed with OEM / System key. Tested and verified on Android 8.1.0.

Please use the below code to get the bluetooth mac address. let me know if any issues.
private String getBluetoothMacAddress() {
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
String bluetoothMacAddress = "";
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
try {
Field mServiceField = bluetoothAdapter.getClass().getDeclaredField("mService");
mServiceField.setAccessible(true);
Object btManagerService = mServiceField.get(bluetoothAdapter);
if (btManagerService != null) {
bluetoothMacAddress = (String) btManagerService.getClass().getMethod("getAddress").invoke(btManagerService);
}
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
}
} else {
bluetoothMacAddress = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
}
return bluetoothMacAddress;
}

Getting the MAC address via reflection can look like this:
private static String getBtAddressViaReflection() {
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Object bluetoothManagerService = new Mirror().on(bluetoothAdapter).get().field("mService");
if (bluetoothManagerService == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "couldn't find bluetoothManagerService");
return null;
}
Object address = new Mirror().on(bluetoothManagerService).invoke().method("getAddress").withoutArgs();
if (address != null && address instanceof String) {
Log.w(TAG, "using reflection to get the BT MAC address: " + address);
return (String) address;
} else {
return null;
}
}
using a reflection library (net.vidageek:mirror) but you'll get the idea.

Since below method return null for android O.
String macAddress = android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), "bluetooth_address");
I found new way to get Bluetooth Mac address, you can try by using below command line.
su strings /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf | grep Address
NOTE: In my case, i was working with root device so my app has super user permission.

As it turns out, I ended up not getting the MAC address from Android. The bluetooth device ended up providing the Android device MAC address, which was stored and then used when needed. Yeah it seems a little funky but on the project I was on, the bluetooth device software was also being developed and this turned out to be the best way to deal with the situation.

Worked great
private String getBluetoothMacAddress() {
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
String bluetoothMacAddress = "";
try {
Field mServiceField = bluetoothAdapter.getClass().getDeclaredField("mService");
mServiceField.setAccessible(true);
Object btManagerService = mServiceField.get(bluetoothAdapter);
if (btManagerService != null) {
bluetoothMacAddress = (String) btManagerService.getClass().getMethod("getAddress").invoke(btManagerService);
}
} catch (NoSuchFieldException | NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException ignore) {
}
return bluetoothMacAddress;
}

Creating a Globally Unique Android Identifier

When talking about unique Android ID's, I'm sure everyone has seen this, however I too am trying to come up with a solution to uniquely identify any android device. I would be happy to use a publicly released class but I am yet to find one.
In my situation, the requirement is to be able to uniquely identify any devices that have some form of an internet connection (such as GPRS or Wi-Fi) and run on API level 8 (v2.2 Froyo). I'm not aware of any devices that doesn't have Wi-Fi or a SIM so let me know if there is any!
We solved this problem in iOS by using a hash of the Wi-Fi mac address as all iOS devices should have this. However for Android, techniques (such as the answers to the SO post referenced above) refer to the TelephonyManager class which can return null (such as when the device doesn't have a SIM connection, like with the Nexus 7) or getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID which according to here isn't 100% reliable on versions prior to Froyo (which is fortunate for me). It doesn't however state of any issues post-Froyo so again, if there are any, let me know! I've also read this can return null. According to here it can change on a factory reset, but that isn't a major concern.
So I put together this to generate a hopefully-unique-GUID:
[This method is not complete!]
public static String GetDeviceId(Context context)
{
// Custom String Hash 1
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("someRandomData"); // Not really needed, but means the stringBuilders value won't ever be null
// TM Device String
final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
String tmDeviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); // Could well be set to null!
LogMsg.Tmp("TM Device String [" + tmDeviceId + "]");
// Custom String Hash 2
stringBuilder.append(tmDeviceId);
int customHash = stringBuilder.toString().hashCode();
LogMsg.Tmp("Custom String hash [" + customHash + "]");
// Device ID String
String androidIDString = android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
LogMsg.Tmp("Device ID String [" + androidIDString + "]");
// Combined hashes as GUID
UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidIDString.hashCode(), ((long)customHash << 32));
LogMsg.Tmp("Combined hashes as GUID [" + deviceUuid.toString() + "]");
return deviceUuid.toString();
}
So you may find tmDeviceId being set to null, in this case the the customHash will be the same regardless of the device but then this combined with androidIDString should be globally unique. I think. Obviously I will need to work out if tmDeviceId AND androidIDString aren't available and throw an exception there.
So... is this overkill? If so, is it safe to just use context.getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID?

Why don't you get MAC address of the device as you've done in iOS? This can be performed in Android devices as well.
I'll give a code snippet that obtains mac address of the device..
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class HardwareUtil {
public static String getMacAddress()
{
try{
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address");
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
int read;
char[] buffer = new char[4096];
StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer();
while ((read = reader.read(buffer)) > 0){
output.append(buffer, 0, read);
}
reader.close();
process.waitFor();
String hwaddr = output.toString();
return hwaddr;
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printstacktrace();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printstacktrace();
}
}
}
HardwareUtil.getMacAddress() will return mac address of the device.
EDIT: If mac address is not appropriate for your situation. Following can be useful!
public static String getDeviceId(Context context) {
final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)).getDeviceId();
if (deviceId != null) {
return deviceId;
} else {
return android.os.Build.SERIAL;
}
}
Don't forget to add following permission to your AndoridManifest.xml file if you use getDeviceId method.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />