Develop Reference

How to stop Activity attached AlertDialog keep reappearing over Activity after Activity paused and recreated?

I am working on project, which simply validates through username and password.
I made some progress with using DialogFragments and AlertDialog. AlertDialog appears after starting the app over the mainactivity asking for username and password.
I must set the Alertdialog's setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false) and DialogFragment's setCancelable(false) because I don't want the users to dismiss it with pressing android's back button.
The problem is, after dismissing it programatically on successful login, if the activity becomes invisible and visible again , the Alertdialog's OnShowListener called, showing this AlertDialog again.
Can I somehow "detach" this AlertDialog from Activity? This popups also happen after unlocking the screen and getting back to activity which makes it very annoying...
Here is the code of interest:
MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NoticeDialogFragment.NoticeDialogListener {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if(GlobalInformations.getInstance().getUsername()==null){
shownoticeDialog();
}
}
public void shownoticeDialog(){
DialogFragment dialogFragment = new NoticeDialogFragment();
dialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), "NoticeDialogFragment");
}
#Override
public void onDismiss(DialogFragment dialog) {
//set the username on a TextView instance, etc...
}
NoticeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
public class NoticeDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
public interface NoticeDialogListener{
public void onDialogPositiveClick(DialogFragment dialog);
public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialog);
public void onDismiss(DialogFragment dialog);
}
NoticeDialogListener mListener;
static Activity activity = null;
//static String username;
#Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
try{
activity = (Activity) context;
mListener = (NoticeDialogListener) activity;
} catch (ClassCastException e){
throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + "must implement NoticeDialogListener");
}
}
#Override
public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null);
final AutoCompleteTextView actv_username = (AutoCompleteTextView) view.findViewById(R.id.username);
final EditText password = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.password);
getavailableusernames(actv_username);
final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(new ContextThemeWrapper(getContext(), R.style.AlertDialogCustom))
.setView(view)
.setTitle("Login")
.setPositiveButton("OK", null)
//.setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
.create();
dialog.setOnShowListener(new DialogInterface.OnShowListener() {
#Override
public void onShow(DialogInterface dialogInterface) {
final Button button =((AlertDialog) dialog).getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String passw = password.getText().toString();
String user = actv_username.getText().toString();
try{
if(user.length()<4 || passw.length()<4){
Toast.makeText(getContext(), "Username/password too short", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
dialog.show();
}
else {
//login to account, if success dismiss.
login(user, passw,dialog);
}
} catch(Exception e){
}
// dialog.dismiss();
}
});
}
});
dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
// set the DialogFragment to make the dialog unable to dismiss with back button
// (because not working if called on the dialog directly)
this.setCancelable(false);
return dialog;
}
public void login(final String username, String password, final AlertDialog dialog){
boolean login_success = false;
//query the credentials
login_success = dosomesqlquery(username, password);
if(login_success){
dialog.dismiss();
}
}
//passing the handling to activity...
#Override
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
mListener.onDismiss(NoticeDialogFragment.this);
}
}
Thank you for your help and patience.

Well this is that kind of situation where I end up heading my desk continously.
The source of the problem was I called dialog.dismiss() which dismisses the dialog, BUT not the dialogfragment itself, so will never, ever dismissed, even if the dialog disappeared from screen. Placing this.dismiss() in NoticeDialogFragment's onDismiss or anywhere else after login succeded will let the application act as it should.
#Override
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
mListener.onDismiss(NoticeDialogFragment.this);
this.dismiss(); //will dismiss the DialogFragment. Yeeey!
}
Thank you for your time and answers as they helped me point out the real problem. I will modify the code based on your suggestions.

An easier way is to use a static variable in your activity using two steps.
Declare a global static boolean
private static boolean session = false;
Check if the boolean has changed and if not, set the boolean to true when the dialog is shown
public void shownoticeDialog(){
if(session)return;
DialogFragment dialogFragment = new NoticeDialogFragment();
dialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager(), "NoticeDialogFragment");
session = true;
}

Set the value when the activity goes background
#Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
outState.putBoolean("authUser", GlobalInformations.getInstance().getUsername()==null)
}
and read it when it comes back
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if(savedInstanceState != null && savedInstanceState.containsKey("authUser")) {
boolean authUser = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("authUser", false);
if(authUser) {
//show or don't show dialog
}
}
}

Session Timeout after specific time with AlertDialog

Before referring me to other threads on this forum and marking my question as duplicate kindly read my question. I have to create a global application timeout. No matter which activity is user on, after specific amount of time the user will be displayed AlertDialog that his session has expired and he can exit or renew his session. I have read different solutions and used service as my solution.
public class InActivityTimer extends Service {
MyCounter timer;
#Override
public void onCreate() {
timer = new MyCounter(20 * 1000,1000);
super.onCreate();
}
#Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
timer.start();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
private class MyCounter extends CountDownTimer{
public MyCounter(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) {
super(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);
}
#Override
public void onFinish() {
Intent intent = new Intent("timeout_action");
sendBroadcast(intent);
stopSelf();
}
#Override
public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
// Need AlertDialog code here
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), ("Time Remaining: " + millisUntilFinished/1000)+"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
#Override
public void onDestroy() {
timer.cancel();
super.onDestroy();
}
#Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return null;
}
}
The problem is that I can display the Toast without any problem but the AlertDialog is not displayed when called inside onFinish().
The first problem is to display the AlertDialog for whole application bearing in mind that the AlertDialog is displayed for some context. Also if somehow the AlertDialog is displayed then how to close the Application. On Activity I just close the activity by calling finish() so should I clear the Activities stack in this case?
The second complex part that I am facing is to display a popup when user click "Time remaining" link in the application which will show how much time is remaining for the Session to be timed out. This time should be exactly same as the time remaining in the service.
I can also use BroadcastReceiver and send update to the activity once the time is finished but wouldn't that be Activity specific because I want the timeout to act same regardless of which activity is user on. I want to avoid writing the same code on each activity.
Kindly guide me through with some solution.

If you use a fragment based design for your app, you can keep a root FragmentActivity in which all other elements of the app are displayed. This way you can use the context of the root FragmentActivity every time, to display your Dialog.
Additional: "Could you kindly refer to me some article.."
What you are doing is not common, and I would have to google search just like you to find any existing example similar to your case. I can however fill in a bit more detail on what I have proposed above.
If you are unfamiliar with using Fragments, read the Developer Documentation.
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
private static final int SPLASH_SCREEN_FRAGMENT = 0;
private static final int HOME_SCREEN_FRAGMENT = 1;
...
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle. savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// show your first fragment
Fragment splashFragment = new SplashFragment();
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(android.R.id.content, splashFragment).commit();
// Start your service using the context of your FragmentActivity
// Your FragmentActivity will always be the current activity, and you will display
// all other elements of your app inside it as fragments
Intent intent = new Intent(this, InActivityTimer.class);
startService(intent);
}
// method for switching the displayed fragment
private void fragmentSwitcher(int fragmentType) {
Fragment currentFragment = new Fragment();
switch (currentFragmentType) {
case SPLASH_SCREEN_FRAGMENT:
currentFragment = new SplashScreenFragment();
break;
case HOME_SCREEN_FRAGMENT:
currentFragment = new HomeScreenFragment();
break;
...
}
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(android.R.id.content, currentFragment).commit();
}
}

I have solved my issue with rather very simple approach.
#Override
public void onFinish() {
Intent intent = new Intent(getBaseContext(), TimeoutActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
stopSelf();
}
and below is the onCreate method for my TimeoutActivity.
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ContextThemeWrapper ctw = new ContextThemeWrapper(TimeoutDialogActivity.this, R.style.Theme_Base_AppCompat_Dialog_FixedSize);
final AlertDialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(ctw).create();
alertDialog.setCancelable(false);
alertDialog.setTitle("Session Timeout !");
alertDialog.setTitle("Your session has expired.");
alertDialog.setButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEGATIVE, "Logout", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
alertDialog.dismiss();
finish();
}
});
alertDialog.setButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_NEUTRAL, "Exit", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
alertDialog.dismiss();
finish();
}
});
alertDialog.setButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE, "Renew Session", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
alertDialog.dismiss();
finish();
});
alertDialog.show();
}

Activity not destroying to release Heap in android?

I am trying to release heap size by destroying the current activity, while going to another activity.
I am using finish(); on backPreess()
But this is not releasing the heap.
on setContentView()
The heap size increases 16Mb. I want to release this increase in the heap after going to another activity. Can any one help how to do this?
My code is as following:
package com.stancil.levels;
public class PaintActivity extends ZebraActivity implements
PaintView.LifecycleListener, PaintView1.LifecycleListener1 {
private static final int REQUEST_PICK_COLOR = 1;
....
....
public PaintActivity() {
_state = new State();
}
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Constants.context = getApplicationContext();
setContentView(R.layout.paint);
..................
...................
...............
}
public void onPreparedToLoad() {
// We need to invoke InitPaintView in a callback otherwise
// the visibility changes do not seem to be effective.
new Handler() {
#Override
public void handleMessage(Message m) {
new InitPaintView();
Log.v("PaintActivity", "After InitPaintView Called");
}
}.sendEmptyMessage(0);
}
private class InitPaintView implements Runnable {
private Bitmap _originalOutlineBitmap;
private Handler _handler;
public InitPaintView() {
// Make the progress bar visible and hide the view
_paintView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
_progressBar.setProgress(0);
_progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
_state._savedImageUri = null;
_state._loadInProgress = true;
_originalOutlineBitmap=_imageBitmap;
_handler = new Handler() {
#Override
public void handleMessage(Message m) {
switch (m.what) {
case Progress.MESSAGE_INCREMENT_PROGRESS:
// Update progress bar.
_progressBar.incrementProgressBy(m.arg1);
break;
case Progress.MESSAGE_DONE_OK:
case Progress.MESSAGE_DONE_ERROR:
// We are done, hide the progress bar
// the paint view back on.
_state._loadInProgress = false;
_paintView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
_progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
initiatePopupWindow();
break;
}
}
};
new Thread(this).start();
}
public void run() {
Log.v("Wasimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm", "qqqqq 22");
_paintView.loadFromBitmap(_originalOutlineBitmap, _handler);
}
}
private static class State {
// Are we just loading a new outline?
public boolean _loadInProgress;
// The resource ID of the outline we are coloring.
//public int _loadedResourceId;
//
// If we have already saved a copy of the image, we store the URI here
// so that we can delete the previous version when saved again.
public Uri _savedImageUri;
}
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("Exit")
.setMessage("Do you want to go to Main Menu?")
.setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) {
Constants.check_new=true;
Intent i=new Intent(PaintActivity.this,MainActivity.class);
// i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(i);
finish();
overridePendingTransition(R.anim.fade_in, R.anim.fade_out);
}
}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int whichButton) {
// Do nothing.
}
}).show();
}
}
}

release yoru objects in onDestroy method, anyways, if there are no references to the detroyed activity, GC will automaticly clean up whenever its needed (it doesnt need to happen right after you closed your activity).
Alternatively theres a method to force running GC, but I wont even write about it cuz its not really a feature a typical application should use

Android Dialog dismisses instead of cancel

I'm having the following issue developing in android 2.2 (API 8):
I have a customized Dialog class like this:
public AuthDialog(final Context context, OnDismissListener dismissListener, OnCancelListener cancelListener) {
super(context);
setOnDismissListener(dismissListener);
setOnCancelListener(cancelListener);
}
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.userpassdialog);
setTitle("Enter email and password");
setCancelable(true);
setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
authEmail = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.authEmail);
authPass = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.authPass);
alertMessage = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.auth_alert);
Button authButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.authButton);
View.OnClickListener onClickListener = new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (checkCredentials())
dismiss();
else
showAlert();
}
};
authButton.setOnClickListener(onClickListener);
}
private void showAlert() {
alertMessage.setText("Wrong user/pass");
authEmail.setText(null);
authPass.setText(null);
}
private boolean checkCredentials() {
// Empty user/pass for now
boolean checkEmail = authEmail.getText().toString().equals("");
boolean checkPassword = authPass.getText().toString().equals("");
return checkEmail && checkPassword;
}
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
cancel();
}
And I create a new AuthDialog like this:
private void authenticateThenAccept() {
OnDismissListener dismissListener = new OnDismissListener() {
#Override
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
accept();
}
};
OnCancelListener cancelListener = new OnCancelListener() {
#Override
public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
cancel();
}
};
AuthDialog dialog = new AuthDialog(context, dismissListener, cancelListener);
dialog.show();
}
I'm using the debugger, and I see that when I cancel (using the back button or pressing outside the dialog) the app dismisses the dialog instead of cancelling.
Anybody has had this kind of issue with Dialogs?
Thanks in advanced.

onDismiss() is always fired when dialog closes. The documentation for setOnCancelListener() states: "This will only be invoked when the dialog is canceled, if the creator needs to know when it is dismissed in general, use setOnDismissListener", i.e. it's not either onCancel or onDismiss but both when a dialog is canceled. I agree though that it would have made more sense had that not been the case.

Assuming this dialog should be modal, make your dialog a new activity.

setCancelable(false) will prevent the back button from doing anything. Many developers just turn off the ability of the back button to close the dialog since it's unclear whether that is a cancel or ok action to the user.

Android: Proper Way to use onBackPressed() with Toast

I wrote a piece of code that will give the user a prompt asking them to press back again if they would like to exit. I currently have my code working to an extent but I know it is written poorly and I assume there is a better way to do it. Any suggestions would be helpful!
Code:
public void onBackPressed(){
backpress = (backpress + 1);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), " Press Back again to Exit ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
if (backpress>1) {
this.finish();
}
}

I would implement a dialog asking the user if they wanted to exit and then call super.onBackPressed() if they did.
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("Really Exit?")
.setMessage("Are you sure you want to exit?")
.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, null)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface arg0, int arg1) {
WelcomeActivity.super.onBackPressed();
}
}).create().show();
}
In the above example, you'll need to replace WelcomeActivity with the name of your activity.

You don't need a counter for back presses.
Just store a reference to the toast that is shown:
private Toast backtoast;
Then,
public void onBackPressed() {
if(USER_IS_GOING_TO_EXIT) {
if(backtoast!=null&&backtoast.getView().getWindowToken()!=null) {
finish();
} else {
backtoast = Toast.makeText(this, "Press back to exit", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
backtoast.show();
}
} else {
//other stuff...
super.onBackPressed();
}
}
This will call finish() if you press back while the toast is still visible, and only if the back press would result in exiting the application.

I use this much simpler approach...
public class XYZ extends Activity {
private long backPressedTime = 0; // used by onBackPressed()
#Override
public void onBackPressed() { // to prevent irritating accidental logouts
long t = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (t - backPressedTime > 2000) { // 2 secs
backPressedTime = t;
Toast.makeText(this, "Press back again to logout",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else { // this guy is serious
// clean up
super.onBackPressed(); // bye
}
}
}

Both your way and #Steve's way are acceptable ways to prevent accidental exits.
If choosing to continue with your implementation, you will need to make sure to have backpress initialized to 0, and probably implement a Timer of some sort to reset it back to 0 on keypress, after a cooldown period. (~5 seconds seems right)

You may also need to reset counter in onPause to prevent cases when user presses home or navigates away by some other means after first back press. Otherwise, I don't see an issue.

If you want to exit your application from direct Second Activity without going to First Activity then try this code..`
In Second Activity put this code..
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("Really Exit?")
.setMessage("Are you sure you want to exit?")
.setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, null)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface arg0, int arg1) {
setResult(RESULT_OK, new Intent().putExtra("EXIT", true));
finish();
}
}).create().show();
}
And Your First Activity Put this code.....
public class FirstActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Button next;
private final static int EXIT_CODE = 100;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
next = (Button) findViewById(R.id.next);
next.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View view) {
startActivityForResult(new Intent(FirstActivity.this, SecondActivity.class), EXIT_CODE);
}
});
}
#Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == EXIT_CODE) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
if (data.getBooleanExtra("EXIT", true)) {
finish();
}
}
}
}
}

This is the best way, because if user not back more than two seconds then reset backpressed value.
declare one global variable.
private boolean backPressToExit = false;
Override onBackPressed Method.
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
if (backPressToExit) {
super.onBackPressed();
return;
}
this.backPressToExit = true;
Snackbar.make(findViewById(R.id.yourview), getString(R.string.exit_msg), Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
backPressToExit = false;
}
}, 2000);
}

additionally, you need to dissmis dialog before calling activity.super.onBackPressed(), otherwise you'll get "Activity has leaked.." error.
Example in my case with sweetalerdialog library:
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
//super.onBackPressed();
SweetAlertDialog progressDialog = new SweetAlertDialog(this, SweetAlertDialog.WARNING_TYPE);
progressDialog.setCancelable(false);
progressDialog.setTitleText("Are you sure you want to exit?");
progressDialog.setCancelText("No");
progressDialog.setConfirmText("Yes");
progressDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
progressDialog.setConfirmClickListener(new SweetAlertDialog.OnSweetClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(SweetAlertDialog sweetAlertDialog) {
sweetAlertDialog.dismiss();
MainActivity.super.onBackPressed();
}
});
progressDialog.show();
}

use to .onBackPressed() to back Activity specify
#Override
public void onBackPressed(){
backpress = (backpress + 1);
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), " Press Back again to Exit ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
if (backpress>1) {
this.finish();
}
}

I just had this issue and solved it by adding the following method:
#Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case android.R.id.home:
// click on 'up' button in the action bar, handle it here
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

You can also use onBackPressed by following ways using customized Toast:
enter image description here
customized_toast.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/txtMessage"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:drawableStart="#drawable/ic_white_exit_small"
android:drawableLeft="#drawable/ic_white_exit_small"
android:drawablePadding="8dp"
android:paddingTop="8dp"
android:paddingBottom="8dp"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:paddingRight="16dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:textColor="#android:color/white"
android:textSize="16sp"
android:text="Press BACK again to exit.."
android:background="#drawable/curve_edittext"/>
MainActivity.java
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
if (doubleBackToExitPressedOnce) {
android.os.Process.killProcess(Process.myPid());
System.exit(1);
return;
}
this.doubleBackToExitPressedOnce = true;
Toast toast = new Toast(Dashboard.this);
View view = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.toast_view,null);
toast.setView(view);
toast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
int margin = getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.toast_vertical_margin);
toast.setGravity(Gravity.BOTTOM | Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL, 0, margin);
toast.show();
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
doubleBackToExitPressedOnce=false;
}
}, 2000);
}

Use this, it may help.
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("Message")
.setMessage("Do you want to exit app?")
.setNegativeButton("NO", null)
.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
UserLogin.super.onBackPressed();
}
}).create().show();
}

implementing onBackPressed() by System time, if pressed twice within 2 sec, then will exit
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private long backPressedTime; // for back button timing less than 2 sec
private Toast backToast; // to hold message of exit
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
if (backPressedTime + 2000 > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
backToast.cancel(); // abruptly cancles the toast when pressed BACK Button *back2back*
super.onBackPressed();
} else {
backToast = Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Press back again to exit",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
backToast.show();
}
backPressedTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}