Develop Reference

How to get spacing between two edit text boxes as the below attached image

The texts can be entered into them . Only these two text widgets are possible in the given activity. I would want to know the structure , I would have to employ to get result as such.
I am still in learning phase.

There's a lot of ways how to achieve that. I suggest you to start with reading this thoroughly to learn how to build layouts on Android.
In general, you can add spacing among views by adding some margin and/or padding.
If you want to replicate the particular design quickly, do this:
Have vertical LinearLayout as your root layout (with gray background).
Add two CardViews (one for each box). That will add the
background and spacing.
Add other views to those CardViews.

To give you something to work on
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"> //Elements inside this will be added vertically on the screen
<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:hint="First edittext"/>
<EditText
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:hint="Second edittext"/>
</LinearLayout>
This is the basic structure on the image you showed. Expirement with it. Add your desired borders by using shapes and etc.

What is the best way to implement a vertical flowed text in Android?

I'm having a changeable text like in the screenshot, where the quantity changes according to plus and minus buttons.
What is the best to implement that on Android ?
Could I make use of Spannable text in this case ? Or do I implement that with
a vertical LinearLayout with a TextView then a separator view then another TextView that changes ?

If you want to make it your own way, look for click events on the plus and minus buttons, change an integer variable (say mQuantity) according to these click event (mQuantity++ or mQuantity-- respectively), and change the TextView content with mQuantityLabel.setText(mQuantity+"");. That extra +"" is to avoid setText looking for a probably non existing id inside strings.xml. You could just need to convert the int to String, but this suffices for this case.
However, and it may be more sensible to go for already established solutions for number increase/decrease such as NumberPicker (after API 11) or SimonVT's NumberPicker (backport of NumberPicker, if the minSdkVersion is prior to API 11).

Managed to achieve this layout, using LinearLayout.
It was straightforward I thought that it might need tricky layout technique, but turned out to be easy.
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/quantity"
android:textAppearance="#android:style/TextAppearance.Medium" />
<View
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="2px"
android:background="#color/black" />
<TextView
android:id="#+id/quantity_text_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="01"
android:textAppearance="#android:style/TextAppearance.Medium" />
</LinearLayout>

Changing the Size of my ListView by one Pixel messes up Formatting

Let me show you two links to demonstrate my point:
http://i.snag.gy/QP1i2.jpg (The ListView is 60 pixels)
http://i.snag.gy/DvXsL.jpg (The ListView is 61 pixels)
The whole file is done with an outer Vertical LinearLayout to provide weighted percentages (e.g. the ListView is 75%, the search part is 4%, so on and so forth) independent of device screen size. Within that outer LinearLayout I have a nested Layout (Linear or Relative) depending on my needs for the particular row.
It works beautifully, except for the last part. And it seems a lot of the items I try adding end up messing the formatting so I'm not sure if the problem is how I'm doing the ListView. Anyways, here's the relevant code:
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="0dip"
android:background="#null"
android:layout_weight="0.75"
android:paddingLeft="0dip" >
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/searchdivider"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
android:contentDescription="#string/desc"
android:src="#drawable/searchdivider" />
<ListView
android:id="#+id/listView1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_below="#+id/searchdivider" >
</ListView>
</RelativeLayout>
Thank you for your help!
EDIT: I should add that I don't want the height to be 60dp, obviously. I want it to fill_parent; however I picked the arbitrary value of 60 and 61 to figure out exactly what change makes the layout mess up.
2nd EDIT: I think I figured out the problem. It seems when I make the Theme AppCompat, it looks and acts fine. But when I make the Theme NoTitleBar (with or without fullscreen) then it acts all screwy. I haven't changed it in the manifest but rather the place in the graphical layout that lets you modify it for that one activity only.
Any suggestions?

android:gravity="left" on imageView and android:gravity="right" on the other listView

How to make sure specific view is visible when keyboard appears?

I have a layout with a graphic at the top, an EditText in the middle and a button some distance below it, like so:
When the user is typing in the EditText, I want to pan the layout so that the "Go" button is still visible, even if that means clipping the image off the top, like so:
I know about windowSoftInputMode="adjustPan" in the manifest, but that doesn't work because it only pans far enough for the EditText to be visible. Is there a way to make sure it pans until the button is visible too?
For comments with K_Anas, this is my layout. It has all the extra margins and spacing removed compared to the first screenshot, to remove any other source of problems.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<View
android:layout_width="300dp"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="#999"/>
<EditText
android:layout_width="280dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:hint="Sample..."/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:text="Go"/>
</RelativeLayout>

Spoke with the Android developers hangout, and it doesn't seem like there's an easy way to solve this problem. The consensus seems to be reworking the layout rather than having an API to fix the issue.

did you tried:
android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize"
in your activity Tag in Manifest
see these docs on android developer blog
I tried your layout with: android:windowSoftInputMode="stateVisible|adjustResize"
and give me these results:

I'm sure it isn't the BEST way, but couldn't you just change the layout attributes for your button (add/change a margin) and redraw when the edittext is clicked? Use an onClickListener & maybe invalidate your button.

Android EditText won't take up remaining space

In my Android app, I have a tabbed Activity. In one of the tabs I have two TextViews and two EditTexts.
The first EditText is only one line, and that's fine. However, I want the other EditText, android:id="#+id/paste_code", to take up the remaining space, but no matter what I do to it, it will only show one line. I don't want to manually set the number of lines, since the number that would fit on the screen differs based on your device.
Here's the relevant code. It's nested inside all the necessary components for a tabbed Activity.
<ScrollView
android:id="#+id/basicTab"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Paste title"
android:layout_weight="0" />
<EditText
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="#string/paste_title_hint"
android:id="#+id/paste_title"
android:lines="1"
android:gravity="top|left"
android:layout_weight="0" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Paste text"
android:layout_weight="0" />
<EditText
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:hint="#string/paste_hint"
android:id="#+id/paste_code"
android:gravity="top|left"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

Since the accepted answer doesn't address the situation fully, here's a proper fix for people coming to this while searching:
Firstly, Romain Guy from the Android dev team addresses this well in this blog post:
http://www.curious-creature.org/2010/08/15/scrollviews-handy-trick/
Essentially, your ScrollView needs to contain the android:fillViewport="true" attribute.
If things aren't working once you've done that, here are a couple of things to check:
The layout inside the ScrollView (such as a LinearLayout) needs to have layout_height="wrap_content"
The view(s) you want to expand should have layout_height="wrap_content"
The view(s) you want to expand should have layout_weight="1.0" or similar
Don't forget to set minLines="3" or similar in the view(s) you want to expand if you don't want it/them to shrink too much.

The problem seems to come from your use of ScrollView. I've tested your code using a ScrollView as the parent container, and got the same problem. However if I replaced the ScrollView with a LinearLayout, then the second EditText properly expanded to fill the whole screen. The problem must be that ScrollViews are designed to wrap to their smallest possible size, regardless of what settings you put in android:layout_height. I experimented with another few layouts, e.g. a RelativeLayout using layout_above and layout_below, but those only affected its maximum size, not its size when empty. Unfortunately, that means I'm not sure how to solve your problem... Is there a way you can redesign your layout to use something other than the ScrollView as the parent container?