Examples of Android Widget Types - android

I'm porting an app from iOS to Android, I've read a couple of books and am kind of learning as I go along. One thing I'm having trouble with is finding a document, app or website that will show me the different types of widgets available and what they're called. Does anybody know of any resource that does this?
I'm asking specifically because I stumbled on this lovely thing in the Android docs and can't for the life of me find out what the widget is.

That particular widget is the NumberPicker. Most of the widgets are in the android.widget package. You can also look at the User Interface developer guide that has some good information.

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Android Source Code- writing custom services to startup at boot

I'm currently trying to learn how to write custom services and have them start up at boot, all in the Android Source code.
Could anyone point me to the right references (books, online articles, etc) that discuss this specific topic and as well as understanding AOSP/Android operating system in general?
To learn how to write a custom Service you can look at the docs here.
You'll want to learn about Activities and their Lifecycle in the docs here
And you'll want to learn about the Application fundamentals in the docs here
Once you have an idea of how everything works fundamentally, there are tons of tutorials on the internet that will show you how to code specific things. A simple Google search will find you all of that.
Hope this helps!

Book, tutorials or sources for creating rich/complex interface (android)

Pretty much the title. I'm new in android development. So, I'm interesting about developing rich application, but cannot find a good tutorials. I would be realy appreciated if someone guide me some resources for start.
Maybe there is some open source project where I can find helpful information?
Thank you
UPD1
Is there some guide from start to end where explained how to make an application such a twitter app? Or any other kind of complex and start to end described application?
I would recommend starting here. The Google UI guidelines. It explains the different API for creating UI elements and also gets into pros/cons about icons, menus, fonts and so on.
http://developer.android.com/design/index.html
http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/sites/teach.appinventor.mit.edu/files/MIT%20App%20Inventor%20Development%20Overview_0.pdf
http://cs.usfca.edu/~wolber/appinventor/bookSplits/ch4NoTexting.pdf
These are some of the links that i found very useful for complex android app development.

Android Keyboard Handling Primer?

I have an book that's supposed to teach everything about Android programming. Unfortunately that book is missing so much information on fundamental stuff, it's not even funny. Its index doesn't even include an entry for onKeyDown()...
Can you recommend a resource that can teach a n00b like me how to handle keyboard events and possibly even understand how they work?
For example, how do I hook a function that I wrote to a key combination?
Does "key combination" exist in touchscreen-only Android devices?
I am not sure you can have key combinations in Android, as there are devices that only have single touch support (and no keyboards). Of course, there could have been changes. You may find some info in the android hardware compatibility reference.
For guidance you may look at the UI Events guide for Android. Also, you may try searching Google, or StackOverflow, as there are many helpful guides and tutorials for beginners. You just have to dig them out.

add a menu to my application

I'm starting in android. I want to add a menu to my application
How can I do it.
Thank you in advance.
The documentation offers a listing of the full features of Menu including ways to get started using them in your applications.
Furthermore, the Android Developers site also has a great guide covering the various uses/styles/etc of Menus in Android.
I would highly encourage you to look at the documentation at the Android Developers site simply because it is well done and gives thorough answers to these types of questions (particularly getting started questions).

Where to find Android Development Homework Problems

Ok so I am starting off with android development and I have found a bunch of useful tutorials so I am set there. What I am looking for is a resource that provides homework style problems to do and has the answers downloadable so I can check my solution against the "official" solution.
So for example instead of the notepad tutorial it would be: "Build an application that you can create, edit, delete notes, ...etc.". Ideally the "official" solution would have some explanation as to why they built it the way they did. (so a tutorial at the tail end)
Anyone know of any resources that provide their tutorials in this format?
Thanks.
Okay, here's one: build me an app that allows the user to make, modify, and store notes. The 'official' answer is the Notepad app in the 9th level of the api. (Note that this is different from the notepad tutorial).
The point is that asking questions is easy, the harder part is actually making a program that does the job. And #Roflecoptr is right, at this level it can be implemented very differently. But if you want that mindset, you can write your own 'homework' easily. Just think up a few things you want that are simple, build it, does it do what you want well? Then you pass.
Despite for very trivial problems I dont think this is possible, because there are way to much possible implementation possibilites so that you can't compare your solution to the "official" solution.
But why do you need something like that? If you want to learn to program on Android, you can just follow some tutorials you've already found and then modify them, adapt them to your needs. When you get more used to the development of Android apps you can just get some ideas on tutorials/android development sites and then implement your own solution. There is plenty of help available here on SO and on other development sites, which will help you if you really get stuck.
You could always go to the Android Samples page, and without looking at their implementations, do your own and compare. The samples page is here:
http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/index.html

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