I have a SplashActivity in my application which do some stuff using AsyncTask when I start my application.
I have also created another AsyncTask which downloads data from the server. Now after I close my application the AsyncTask is still downloading the data.
But when I again start my application my SplashActivity's AsyncTask does not execute its background (doInBackground function) till my downloader AsyncTask is finished, and my application is hanged.
So my question is it that we cant run two AsyncTask parallel? Both AsyncTask are different and doing their own stuff.
Is there a way to do it.
There has been a change in AsyncTask from Honeycomb release. Older versions had a Thread pool of 10 threads, so you could run 10 tasks in parallel. But for Honeycomb and up, default is a serial executor, which executes tasks one by one. But you can pass a ThreadPoolExecutor for execution:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
//--post GB use serial executor by default --
task.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
} else {
//--GB uses ThreadPoolExecutor by default--
task.execute();
}
You will need to use a thread pool Executor to execute AsyncTask. Default implementation uses a serial executor running on a single thread
So create a ThreadPoolExecutor and then use
AsyncTask's executeOnExecutor instead of just execute method
Another option is using AsyncTaskCompat from support v.4 library.
AsyncTaskCompat.executeParallel(new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Object>() {
#Override
protected Object doInBackground(Void... params) {
// do your parallel task here
return null;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
// and fetch result
}
});
Related
Is there a way to elevate the priority of an AsyncTask?
I'm doing some image manipulation in an AsyncTask. On a very slow device, it takes up to 60 seconds to process an image. Now I'd like to increase the performance by elevating the priority of the task. Can it be done somehow?
Try to use following (increase of priority AsyncTask threads):
protected final MyResult doInBackground(MyInput... myInput) {
Process.setThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND + THREAD_PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE);
// blah-blah
}
If you do not have a heavy UI which would interleave with the AsyncTask flow of execution, then your problem is in the algorithm used.
If you can divide your algorithm in parallel tasks, then you can use a pool of executors. If not, your Async Task is just doing serial work.
Be aware that according to AsyncTask:
When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background thread. Starting with DONUT, this was changed to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting with HONEYCOMB, tasks are executed on a single thread to avoid common application errors caused by parallel execution.
If you truly want parallel execution, you can invoke executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[]) with THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
You can use code like this on most devices
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
asyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
} else {
asyncTask.execute();
}
or even create a custom ThreadPoolExecutor.
Set thread priority inside your AsyncTask doInBackground:
Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
Like following:
protected Object doInBackground(Integer... params) {
Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
...
...
}
I have a SplashActivity in my application which do some stuff using AsyncTask when I start my application.
I have also created another AsyncTask which downloads data from the server. Now after I close my application the AsyncTask is still downloading the data.
But when I again start my application my SplashActivity's AsyncTask does not execute its background (doInBackground function) till my downloader AsyncTask is finished, and my application is hanged.
So my question is it that we cant run two AsyncTask parallel? Both AsyncTask are different and doing their own stuff.
Is there a way to do it.
There has been a change in AsyncTask from Honeycomb release. Older versions had a Thread pool of 10 threads, so you could run 10 tasks in parallel. But for Honeycomb and up, default is a serial executor, which executes tasks one by one. But you can pass a ThreadPoolExecutor for execution:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
//--post GB use serial executor by default --
task.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
} else {
//--GB uses ThreadPoolExecutor by default--
task.execute();
}
You will need to use a thread pool Executor to execute AsyncTask. Default implementation uses a serial executor running on a single thread
So create a ThreadPoolExecutor and then use
AsyncTask's executeOnExecutor instead of just execute method
Another option is using AsyncTaskCompat from support v.4 library.
AsyncTaskCompat.executeParallel(new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Object>() {
#Override
protected Object doInBackground(Void... params) {
// do your parallel task here
return null;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
// and fetch result
}
});
I have a small Android application in which I need to do some FTP stuff every couple of seconds.
After learning the hard way that running network stuff on the UI thread is something Android does not really like, I've come to this solution:
// This class gets declared inside my Activity
private class CheckFtpTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
protected Void doInBackground(Void... dummy) {
Thread.currentThread().setName("CheckFtpTask");
// Here I'll do the FTP stuff
ftpStuff();
return null;
}
}
// Member variables inside my activity
private Handler checkFtpHandler;
private Runnable checkFtpRunnable;
// I set up the task later in some of my Activitiy's method:
checkFtpHandler = new Handler();
checkFtpRunnable = new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
new CheckFtpTask().execute((Void[])null);
checkFtpHandler.postDelayed(checkFtpRunnable, 5000);
}
};
checkFtpRunnable.run();
Is this good practice to perform a recurring task that cannot run on the UI thread directly?
Furthermore, instead of creating a new AsyncTask object all the time by calling
new CheckFtpTask().execute((Void[])null);
would it be an option to create the CheckFtpTask object once and then reuse it?
Or will that give me side effects?
Thanks in advance,
Jens.
would it be an option to create the CheckFtpTask object once and then reuse it? Or will that give me side effects?
No, there will be side-effects. Quoting the docs Threading Rules:
The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if a second execution is attempted.)
You will just need to create a separate instance of the task each time you want to run it.
And I'm not sure why you need the Runnable or Handler. AsyncTask has methods that run on the UI Thread (all but doInBackground(), actually) if you need to update the UI.
Check this answer if you need a callback to update the UI when the task has finished.
You should create a new Async task for every call.
See the Android Documentation: AsyncTask. According to this documentation:
The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if a second execution is attempted.)
Specifically check out the threading rules section. There is a similar answer here, https://stackoverflow.com/a/18547396/2728623
Java ThreadPools and the ExecutorFramework allows you to execute threads as needed and reduces thread creation overhead. Check out the singleThreadExecutor. The thread pool usage is pretty easy too!
I would like to send more than one request to server parallelly using AsyncTask in android
so how can i do that ?
I have seen code like
myAsync.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, params)
but it is not running parallelly instead it is running serially.
please help me out.
Hey the executeonExecutor should work perfectly.
You will need to use a thread pool Executor to execute Asynctask . Default implementation uses a serial executor running on a single thread
So create a ThreadPoolExeecutor and then use
Asynctask's executeonExecutor instead of just execute method
There has been a change in AsyncTask from Honeycomb release. Older versions had a Thread pool of 10 threads, so you could run 10 tasks in parallel. But for Honeycomb and up, default is a serial executor, which executes tasks one by one. But you can pass a ThreadPoolExecutor for execution:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
//--post GB use serial executor by default --
task.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
} else {
//--GB uses ThreadPoolExecutor by default--
task.execute();
}
Create new instance of the async task and execute, then it will execute parallelly
simply... use
new YourAssynctask().execute();
this will indeed call your Assyntask's OnpreExecute() method.
I want to know how AsyncTask works internally.
I know it uses the Java Executor to perform the operations but still some of the questions I am not understanding. Like:
How many AsyncTask can be started at a time in an Android app?
When I start 10 AsyncTask, will all tasks will run simultaneously or one by one?
I have tried with 75000 AsyncTask to test the same. I don't get any problem and seems like all the tasks will be pushed to stack and will run one by one.
Also when I start 100000 AsyncTasks, I start getting OutOfMemoryError.
So is there any limit of no of AsyncTask which can be run at a time?
Note: I have tested these on SDK 4.0
AsyncTask has a rather long story.
When it first appeared in Cupcake (1.5) it handled background operations with a single additional thread (one by one). In Donut (1.6) it was changed, so that a pool of thread had begun to be used. And operations could be processed simultaneously until the pool had been exhausted. In such case operations were enqueued.
Since Honeycomb default behavior is switched back to use of a single worker thread (one by one processing). But the new method (executeOnExecutor) is introduced to give you a possibility to run simultaneous tasks if you wish (there two different standard executors: SERIAL_EXECUTOR and THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR).
The way how tasks are enqueued also depends on what executor you use. In case of a parallel one you are restricted with a limit of 10 (new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10)). In case of a serial one you are not limited (new ArrayDeque<Runnable>()).
So the way your tasks are processed depends on how you run them and what SDK version you run them on.
As for thread limits, we are not guaranteed with any, yet looking at the ICS source code we can say that number of threads in the pool can vary in range 5..128.
When you start 100000 with default execute method serial executor is used.
Since tasks that cannot be processed immediately are enqueued you get OutOfMemoryError (thousands of tasks are added to the array backed queue).
Exact number of tasks you can start at once depends on the memory class of the device you are running on and, again, on executor you use.
let us dive deep into the Android’s Asynctask.java file to understand it from a designer’s perspective and how it has nicely implemented Half Sync-Half Async design pattern in it.
In the beginning of the class few lines of codes are as follows:
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
/**
* An {#link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
*/
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
= new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
The first is a ThreadFactory which is responsible for creating worker threads. The member variable of this class is the number of threads created so far. The moment it creates a worker thread, this number gets increased by 1.
The next is the BlockingQueue. As you know from the Java blockingqueue documentation, it actually provides a thread safe synchronized queue implementing FIFO logic.
The next is a thread pool executor which is responsible for creating a pool of worker threads which can be taken as and when needed to execute different tasks.
If we look at the first few lines we will know that Android has limited the maximum number of threads to be 128 (as evident from private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128).
Now the next important class is SerialExecutor which has been defined as follows:
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
The next important two functions in the Asynctask is
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
and
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
AS it becomes clear from the above code we can call the executeOnExecutor from exec function of Asynctask and in that case it takes a default executor. If we dig into the sourcecode of Asynctask, we will find that this default executor is nothing but a serial executor, the code of which has been given above.
Now lets delve into the SerialExecutor class. In this class we have final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();.
This actually works as a serializer of the different requests at different threads. This is an example of Half Sync Half Async pattern.
Now lets examine how the serial executor does this. Please have a look at the portion of the code of the SerialExecutor which is written as
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
So when the execute is first called on the Asynctask, this code is executed on the main thread (as mActive will be initialized to NULL) and hence it will take us to the scheduleNext() function.
The ScheduleNext() function has been written as follows:
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
So in the schedulenext() function we initialize the mActive with the Runnable object which we have already inserted at the end of the dequeue. This Runnable object (which is nothing but the mActive) then is executed on a thread taken from the threadpool. In that thread, then "finally "block gets executed.
Now there are two scenarios.
another Asynctask instance has been created and we call the execute method on it when the first task is being executed.
execute method is called for the second time on a same instance of the Asynctask when the first task is getting executed.
Scenario I : if we look at the execute function of the Serial Executor, we will find that we actually create a new runnable thread (Say thread t) for processing the background task.
Look at the following code snippet-
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
As it becomes clear from the line mTasks.offer(new Runnable), every call to the execute function creates a new worker thread. Now probably you are able to find out the similarity between the Half Sync - Half Async pattern and the functioning of SerialExecutor. Let me, however, clarify the doubts. Just like the Half Sync - Half Async pattern's Asynchronous layer, the
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
....
}
part of the code creates a new thread the moment execute function is called and push it to the queue (the mTasks). It is done absolutely asynchronously, as the moment it inserts the task in the queue, the function returns. And then background thread executes the task in a synchronous manner. So its similar to the Half Sync - Half Async pattern. Right?
Then inside that thread t, we run the run function of the mActive. But as it is in the try block, the finally will be executed only after the background task is finished in that thread. (Remember both try and finally are happening inside the context of t). Inside finally block, when we call the scheduleNext function, the mActive becomes NULL because we have already emptied the queue. However, if another instance of the same Asynctask is created and we call execute on them, the execute function of these Asynctask won’t be executed because of the synchronization keyword before execute and also because the SERIAL_EXECUTOR is a static instance (hence all the objects of the same class will share the same instance… its an example of class level locking) i mean no instance of the same Async class can preempt the background task that is running in thread t. and even if the thread is interrupted by some events, the finally block which again calls the scheduleNext() function will take care of it.what it all means that there will be only one active thread running the task. this thread may not be the same for different tasks, but only one thread at a time will execute the task. hence the later tasks will be executed one after another only when the first task complets. thats why it is called SerialExecutor.
Scenario II: In this case we will get an exception error. To understand why the execute function cannot be called more than once on the same Asynctask object, please have a look at the below code snippet taken from executorOnExecute function of Asynctask.java especially in the below mentioned portion:
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
AS from the above code snippet it becomes clear that if we call execute function twice when a task is in the running status it throws an IllegalStateException saying “Cannot execute task: the task is already running.”.
if we want multiple tasks to be executed parallely, we need to call the execOnExecutor passing Asynctask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR (or maybe an user defined THREAD_POOL as the exec parameter.
You can read my discussion on Asynctask internals here.
AsyncTasks has a fixed size queue internally for storing delayed tasks. The queue size by default is 10. For example if you start 15 your tasks in a row, then first 5 will enter their doInBackground(), but the rest will wait in the queue for free worker thread. As one of the first 5 finishes, and thus releases the worker thread, a task from the queue will start execution. In this case at most 5 tasks will run together.
Yes, there is limit of how many tasks can be run run at a time. So AsyncTask uses thread pool executor with limited max number of the worker threads and the delayed tasks queue use fixed size 10. Max number of worker threads is 128. If you try to execute more than 138 custom tasks your application will throw the RejectedExecutionException.
How many AsyncTask can be started at a time in an Android app?
AsyncTask is backed by a LinkedBlockingQueue with a capacity of 10 (in ICS and gingerbread). So it really depends on how many tasks you are trying to start & how long they take to finish - but it's definitely possible to exhaust the queue's capacity.
When I start 10 AsyncTask, will all tasks will run simultaneously or one by one?
Again, this depends on the platform. The maximum pool size is 128 in both gingerbread and ICS - but the *default behavior* changed between 2.3 and 4.0 - from parallel by default to serial. If you want to execute in parallel on ICS you need to call [executeOnExecutor][1] in conjunction with THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
Try switching to the parallel executor and spam it with 75 000 tasks - the serial impl. has an internal ArrayDeque that has no upper capacity bound (except OutOfMemoryExceptions ofc).