Develop Reference

Android: Cannot include https://github.com/wealdtech/hawk as a module

I am trying out Hawk authentication by https://github.com/wealdtech/hawk. I would like to include this library by source in an empty project so that I can experiment with the apis. I do not want to use a jar or gradle dependency.
I import the project as a module and I run into this error:
Error:(2, 0) Gradle DSL method not found: 'compile()'
Possible causes:<ul><li>The project 'HawkTest' may be using a version of Gradle that does not contain the method.
Open Gradle wrapper file</li><li>The build file may be missing a Gradle plugin.
Apply Gradle plugin</li>
I tried solutions from these links but I could not derive any information that could help resolve this issue:
Android gradle build Error:(9, 0) Gradle DSL method not found: 'compile()'.
Android gradle build Error:(9, 0) Gradle DSL method not found: 'compile()'.
I have spent many hours on this problem but do not seem anywhere near a solution. Any direction or a solution would be greatly appreciated.
This my top-level build file:
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.2'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
The app level file:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.test.android.hawktest"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
}
The Hawk module's gradle file:
dependencies {
compile 'com.wealdtech:wealdtech-core:2.0.0'
compile 'com.wealdtech:wealdtech-configuration:2.0.0'
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:17.0'
}
uploadArchives {
repositories {
mavenDeployer {
pom.project {
pom.artifactId = 'hawk-core'
name 'Hawk Core'
description 'Java implementation of Hawk protocol - core'
}
}
}
}
And my directory structure:

hawk top level build.gradle contains all subproject configuration (check https://github.com/wealdtech/hawk/blob/develop/build.gradle)
For the whole process, from your project root directory :
git clone git#github.com:wealdtech/hawk.git
In your settings.gradle, this will configure the gradle modules :
include ':app',':hawk-core', ':hawk-server-jersey', ':hawk-client-jersey'
project(':hawk-core').projectDir = new File('hawk/hawk-core')
project(':hawk-server-jersey').projectDir = new File('hawk/hawk-server-jersey')
project(':hawk-client-jersey').projectDir = new File('hawk/hawk-client-jersey')
Then edit your top level build.gradle to specify the configuration for the Java project. Add the following :
configure(subprojects.findAll {it.name.startsWith('hawk')}) {
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'maven'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'signing'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
mavenLocal()
}
dependencies {
testCompile 'org.testng:testng:6.8'
}
task copyLibs (type: Copy) {
into "$buildDir/output/libs"
from configurations.testRuntime
}
task testJar (type: Jar) {
classifier = 'tests'
from sourceSets.test.output
}
task javadocJar(type: Jar, dependsOn: javadoc) {
classifier = 'javadoc'
from 'build/docs/javadoc'
}
task sourcesJar(type: Jar) {
classifier = 'sources'
from sourceSets.main.allSource
}
artifacts {
archives jar
archives javadocJar
archives sourcesJar
}
}
You cant add Java plugin (apply plugin: 'java') for your Android project . If you do so, you will have this error : The 'java' plugin has been applied, but it is not compatible with the Android plugins.. This is why I use the configure(subprojects.findAll and perform a filter on hawk modules. I've copied the remaining configuration from https://github.com/wealdtech/hawk/blob/develop/build.gradle

'dependencies' cannot be applied to '(groovy.lang.Closure)'

I am unable to fix this error:
dependencies cannot be applied to '(groovy.lang.Closure)
This is my gradle file:
buildscript {
repositories {
maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.crashlytics.tools.gradle:crashlytics-gradle:1.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android'
apply plugin: 'crashlytics'
repositories {
maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: "$buildDir/native-libs", include: 'native-libs.jar')
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
compile project(':FRNDzTER_core')
compile project(':cropper')
compile project(':stickyListHeaders')
compile "com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:${rootProject.universalImageLoaderVersion}"
compile "com.google.android.gms:play- services:${rootProject.googlePlayServicesVersion}"
compile "de.keyboardsurfer.android.widget:crouton:${rootProject.croutonVersion}"
compile "com.nineoldandroids:library:${rootProject.nineoldandroidsVersion}"
compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:library:+'
compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+'
}
android{
compileSdkVersion rootProject.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.buildToolsVersion
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion rootProject.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion rootProject.targetSdkVersion
versionCode rootProject.versionCode
versionName rootProject.versionName
}
buildTypes {
release {
debuggable rootProject.prodDebug
proguardFile 'proguard.cfg'
}
}
dependencies {
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
}

You can go to Preferences and select "use default gradle wrapper" then rebuild the project. It worked well for me:

Go to
Windows
File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Gradle
Mac
Preference -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Gradle
and select Use default gradle wrapper

Based on what Android Studio generates, you need to have a top-level project file build.gradle, and another for your app build.gradle.
Top-level:
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.1.0'
classpath 'com.crashlytics.tools.gradle:crashlytics-gradle:1.+'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url 'http://download.crashlytics.com/maven' }
}
}
Application level:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'crashlytics'
android{
compileSdkVersion rootProject.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.buildToolsVersion
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion rootProject.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion rootProject.targetSdkVersion
versionCode rootProject.versionCode
versionName rootProject.versionName
}
buildTypes {
release {
debuggable rootProject.prodDebug
proguardFile 'proguard.cfg'
}
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
} `
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: "$buildDir/native-libs", include: 'native-libs.jar')
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
compile project(':FRNDzTER_core')
compile project(':cropper')
compile project(':stickyListHeaders')
compile "com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image- l loader:${rootProject.universalImageLoaderVersion}"
compile "com.google.android.gms:play- services:${rootProject.googlePlayServicesVersion}"
compile " "de.keyboardsurfer.android.widget:crouton:${rootProject.croutonVersion}"
compile "com.nineoldandroids:library:${rootProject.nineoldandroidsVersion}"
compile 'com.github.chrisbanes.actionbarpulltorefresh:library:+'
compile 'com.crashlytics.android:crashlytics:1.+'
}
But even without all that, your problem is that you have a dependencies within your android plugin config.
android {
dependencies {
}
}
remove that empty dependencies block.
EDIT: I also started getting this error with the latest Android Studio, all I had to do was add a newer version of the Gradle plugin, and compileSdkVersion 22.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.0'
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.4'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
mavenCentral()
}
}

If you already are using the "default gradle wrapper" and it doesn't help:
In Menu click: File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart...
If it also doesn't help try in 2 steps:
1) Delete ".gradle" folder (and "build" folder if you have it already)
2) In Menu click: File -> Invalidate Caches / Restart...
After restarting the warning should disappear.
(For me it worked and for Android Studio and for IntelliJ Idea)

My problem is that the whole build.setting file were occupied with cannot be applied to '(groovy.lang.Closure)' warning messages instead of happening on any particular variable.
I have tried all solutions provided by others but none of them works for me.
I ended out doing these steps then it works like a charm. If you are encountering the same issue then give it a try.
Open and edit file: yourproject/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties. Edit content to update the gradle distribution version as shown in the image below then save.
Delete this folder: yourproject/.gradle.
Click Sync project with gradle files, then you are good to go.

I went into the preferences to try one of the other answers when I noticed a warning that my gradle home directory was wrong. So I opened up the file browser and chose the newer gradle version, and all the errors went away. Image shown below.

I bet you the problem is totally unrelated to the piece of code that is giving you warnings, most likely it's your proguard file. I had the following in my code and got the same warning:
buildTypes {
release {
runProguard false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'
}
}
By commenting out runProguard false, all of my problems go away, go figure :)

I have same problem in android studio 2.2，it work for me:
original:
android {
...
}
dependencies {
...
}
move dependencies in android:
android {
...
dependencies {
...
}
}

I solved the problem in Android Studio by Invalidating the cache and restart.
File-> Invalidate Caches / Restart..

I ran into a similar problem to this in IntelliJ for a Kotlin project. It looks like the issue was that in my project, even though it was set to use JDK 8, the language and API versions somehow got set to 1.3. See Project Preferences > Facets. In my case, I ticked "use project settings," but manually setting them per facet may work as well.

Close the project (File / Close project),
Select “Open an existing Android Studio project” on the start menu and select the folder that contains your Android project.
This work for me.

Gradle files can be made explicit in several places to avoid such errors. E.g. Change
configurations {
to
project.configurations {
or
task {
description 'foo'
to
task {
setDescription 'foo'

To fix the issue simply close the project, then select “Open an existing Android Studio project” on the start menu and select the folder that contains your Android project. Beware, select the folder, not the .iml project file.

Cut and then paste the "buildTypes" at the same place in "android" section and Re-Sync (refresh) Project

For people with M1 Intellij IDEA just add in build.gradle(:app)
//noinspection GroovyAssignabilityCheck
buildFeatures {
viewBinding
}

I fixed this issue with gradle 2.10.
Download it here : http://gradle.org/gradle-download/
And set your local gradle distribution like this :

How to configure dagger + gradle

I have a project and migrating to gradle dependency, but I find myself with an issue trying to setup dagger with gradle, the first time I compile it work perfectly (or if I clean) but if I try it twice then it gives me error like:
Error:(13, 14) error: duplicate class: com.myapp.android.application.InjectingApplication$InjectingApplicationModule$$ModuleAdapter
I try using android-apt plugin and configured as in the documentation but I still get the same error (https://bitbucket.org/hvisser/android-apt/overview)
I also try using provided dependency instead like in this tutorial (https://github.com/frankdu/android-gradle-dagger-tutorial) of compile but no luck so far.
Do you have any ideas how to configure dagger and gradle?
EDIT
My build.gradle looks like this
apply plugin: 'android'
apply plugin: 'android-apt'
android {
compileSdkVersion 19
buildToolsVersion "19.0.2"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 9
targetSdkVersion 19
packageName "com.myapp.android"
}
buildTypes {
release {
runProguard false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile project(':volley')
apt 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.2.0'
}
And my top level build.gradle look like this
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.9.+'
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.2'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
}
EDIT#2:
I tried with provided again as #Marco suggested no luck, I don't know if there is a library or a version of gradle that could be causing this problem, I'm currently using 1.10. On the bright side I did find a way to make it work, but I would love to do it by just adding the provided statement. The way I did it is the old way:
Define apt configuration
configurations {
apt
}
add Dagger compiler lib
apt 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.0'
And implement the this hook to applicationVariant which as far as I know android-apt does something similar. Does this make sense? why?
def getSourceSetName(variant) {
return new File(variant.dirName).getName();
}
android.applicationVariants.each { variant ->
def aptOutputDir = project.file("build/source/apt")
def aptOutput = new File(aptOutputDir, variant.dirName)
android.sourceSets[getSourceSetName(variant)].java.srcDirs+= aptOutput.getPath()
variant.javaCompile.options.compilerArgs += [
'-processorpath', configurations.apt.getAsPath(),
'-s', aptOutput
]
variant.javaCompile.source = variant.javaCompile.source.filter { p ->
return !p.getPath().startsWith(aptOutputDir.getPath())
}
variant.javaCompile.doFirst {
aptOutput.mkdirs()
}
}

I am using dagger in this sample Volley Examples. I'm not experiencing any problems with dagger and I'm including the compiler using:
provided 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.1'

It is work for me.
Step 1:
Add this code to you build.gradle
provided 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.2'
Step 2:
Add source code folder app/gen to you project. So you can add this code to you app/build.gradle (src/main/java is you project core code folder)
sourceSets.main {
java.srcDirs = ['src/main/java', 'gen']
}

Update Gradle plugin to (root/gradle)
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.2.0'
app/gradle
compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.4'
annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.4'

What is the correct way to specify an Android library project to include its dependencies

In Android Studio I'm trying to compile an Android application module which uses an Android library.
The library includes a jar file for Bugsense (included automatically by gradle).
Although the library module compiles correctly, the application module fails because it is looking for the Bugsense jar file that is used within the library module.
I do have a workaround which allows the project to compile. By also including the Bugsense dependency in the project everything works.
My question is: How do I make the project compile without duplicating the Bugsense dependency?
Here is my build.gradle file for the library project.
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.6.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android-library'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven { url 'http://www.bugsense.com/gradle/' }
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 15
buildToolsVersion "19.0.0"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 15
}
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.bugsense.trace:bugsense:3.6'
}
The library project is called "util"
Following is the android section of the build.gradle for the application
android {
compileSdkVersion 15
buildToolsVersion '19.0.0'
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 15
}
dependencies {
compile project(':util')
}
}
When I compile this I get the following error:
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring project ':br'.
> Failed to notify project evaluation listener.
> Could not resolve all dependencies for configuration ':br:_DebugCompile'.
> Could not find com.bugsense.trace:bugsense:3.6.
Required by:
dss:br:unspecified > dss:util:unspecified
I can make the compile work by adding Bugsense to the repositories section of the build.gradle file for the application. Following is the code I added to the build.gradle file for the application project.
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven { url 'http://www.bugsense.com/gradle/' }
}
Remember, the above code is in the build.gradle for the application project AND the library.
How do I avoid adding the Bugsense dependency to both the application and library projects?
UPDATES:
I'm using Gradle 1.8
I'm compiling from the command line with "gradle clean assembleDebug"
The following is the complete build.gradle file for the application project:
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.6.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
//maven { url 'http://www.bugsense.com/gradle/' }
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 15
buildToolsVersion '19.0.0'
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 15
testPackageName "com.myapp.test"
}
dependencies {
compile project(':common')
compile project(':util')
}
}
dependencies {
instrumentTestCompile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:4.3'
instrumentTestCompile 'com.squareup:fest-android:1.0.+'
instrumentTestCompile 'com.squareup.spoon:spoon-client:1.0.+'
instrumentTestCompile 'com.google.guava:guava:15.0'
}
configurations { spoon }
dependencies { spoon 'com.squareup.spoon:spoon-runner:1.0.5' }

It's the expected behavior. Only the repository declarations for the project whose configuration is currently resolved are taken into account, even when transitive dependencies are involved. Typically, repositories are declared inside the root project's allprojects { .. } or subprojects { ... } block, in which case this problem can never occur.
PS: dependencies { .. } needs to go outside the android { ... } block.

Building APK with Gradle outside IDE (migrating from Ant)

I have been using this tutorial to educate myself on how to build APK outside Eclipse by just using command line (and Ant) - http://www.androidengineer.com/2010/06/using-ant-to-automate-building-android.html
Now that build system will be shifting toward Gradle I would like to have similar advanced tutorial for reference. Most of the tutorials out there (like this one)deal just with basic stuff but I would like to know how to perform some "advanced" things like automatically replacing values in code during build (so that I can have multiple variants of APK).

Standard examples provided by Google are here
http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/gradle-samples-0.4.2.zip?attredirects=0&d=1
For automatically changing values in code use BuildConfig class. Examples are in the link above.
Variants are explained here http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide#TOC-Build-Variants
UPDATE
as this example gets bit stale here is pasetbin to newer version http://pastebin.com/FmcCZwA5
main difference is Robolectric support provided by plugin, and support library fetched from SDK internal repo
Older version
Less basic example with Robolectric and AndroidAnnotations
Use nexus
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.4'
}
}
apply plugin: 'android'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven {
url 'https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/'
}
}
use AndroidAnnotation processor, Robolectric local tests and Jackson
configurations {
compile
testLocalCompile.extendsFrom(compile)
androidannotations.extendsFrom(compile)
}
dependencies {
compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
compile 'org.androidannotations:androidannotations-api:3.0-SNAPSHOT'
compile 'com.github.japgolly.android:svg-android:2.0.3'
compile 'org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:1.9.12'
testLocalCompile 'junit:junit:4.8.2'
testLocalCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.2-SNAPSHOT'
testLocalCompile 'com.google.android:android:4.0.1.2'
testLocalCompile 'com.google.android:support-v4:r6'
testLocalCompile 'org.roboguice:roboguice:2.0'
androidannotations 'org.androidannotations:androidannotations:3.0-SNAPSHOT'
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 17
buildToolsVersion "17.0.0"
Configure standard instrumentation tests
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 7
targetSdkVersion 16
testPackageName "com.mypackage.myapp.test"
testInstrumentationRunner "com.maypackage.myapp.test.Runner"
}
}
Invoke AndroidAnnotations processor on all variants
afterEvaluate { project ->
android.applicationVariants.each { variant ->
variant.javaCompile.options.compilerArgs += [
'-classpath', configurations.compile.asPath,
'-processorpath', configurations.androidannotations.asPath,
'-processor', 'org.androidannotations.AndroidAnnotationProcessor',
'-AandroidManifestFile=' + variant.processResources.manifestFile
]
}
}
Define sourcesets for Robolectric local tests
sourceSets {
testLocal {
java.srcDir file('src/test/java')
resources.srcDir file('src/test/resources')
}
}
Local Robolectric tests task
task localTest(type: Test, dependsOn: assemble) {
testClassesDir = sourceSets.testLocal.output.classesDir
android.sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs.each { dir ->
def buildDir = dir.getAbsolutePath().split('/')
buildDir = (buildDir[0..(buildDir.length - 4)] + ['build', 'classes', 'debug']).join('/')
sourceSets.testLocal.compileClasspath += files(buildDir)
sourceSets.testLocal.runtimeClasspath += files(buildDir)
}
classpath = sourceSets.testLocal.runtimeClasspath
}
Run Robolectric in debug mode
localTest.doFirst {
jvmArgs '-Xdebug',
'-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=5005'
}