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Porting msvc code to Android/ios

I have a pretty large project written in C++ for Windows, with some MSVC-specific fancy things, like __declspec(property), usage of SEH, extra template and macro flexibility, intrinsics and etc.
In a nutshell it consists of various applications and a shared library (lib), which is a pretty large "algorithmic" code. It's written entirely in plain C++ (MSVC's version of it, as I said), not dependent on any 3rd-party, all the code is "hand-made", no stdlib, STL, Boost or etc.
Now this code needs to be ported to mobile platforms, namely Android and iOS.
The code should be platform-independent. No explicit dependence on OS, besides the very basic things, like heap memory allocation. It does depend on some Windows-specific things: SEH, TLS, but those are the things I can sacrifice, if they can't be replaced.
And I'm thinking about how to deal with it. Cleaning the whole code from MSVC-specific stuff is possible, but not convenient. I'd prefer to keep them, and definitely I don't want to keep several codebases for different platforms.
So, what are the options at my disposal?
As I understood, there are C++ compilers for Android (part of NDK), but they are probably standard C++ compliant. Anyway, iOS development is based on Objective-C, which is a superset of plain C.
This led me to an idea to "compile" the existing MSVC-specific C++ code into a plain C. There is an option in MSVC compiler to generate "listing" files, containing the assembler code. I guess if there's an option to create appropriate listings containing C-code. Or alternatively MSVC-compliant 3rd party C++ -> C converters.
Any thoughts?

So, what are the options at my disposal?
Write portable C or C++ code.
I've got C and C++ libraries that run on Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows, BSD, OS X and Linux. The library is written once and it runs everywhere.
While the "core library" is portable C/C++, the next layer up is not. That's where the libraries integrate with the platform. For example, the iOS test suite driver has a Cocoa/CocoaTouch UI on Apple platforms, and an MFC test suite drive on Windows and Windows Mobile. And the test suite drivers on Linux are command line because I don't waste time with GTK or Qt.
The routines to seed the random number generators are platform specific. I consider them a core function, so its in the core library and guarded by platform specific #defines.
Don't make the mistake of re-implementing your core library on every platform it runs on. That means you will need 4x to 8x the development cycles to duplicate the code and behavior. And there will always be small, hidden behavioral bugs that you waste countless hours tracking down.
And I'm thinking about how to deal with it. Cleaning the whole code from MSVC-specific stuff is possible, but not convenient.
Yes, do this. Pay the tax once and enjoy the benefits for the remainder of the code's life.
This led me to an idea to "compile" the existing MSVC-specific C++ code into a plain C.
No, I would not do this. Remove the platform specific stuff from the core library. Make the core library portable.

MSVC++ to C compilers come in the "if you have to ask, you can't afford it" category. Just too small a market.
A more realistic chance would be to wait what Microsoft is doing. They're seriously looking into targeting additional mobile platforms with MSVC 2015.
TLS is probably the easiest, as that is standard C++ (thread_local). SEH should be mapped to regular C++ exception handling, which means you need to trap pointer bugs before they happen. MSVC isn't exactly known for extra template flexibility, it's in fact rather inflexible. x86 intrinsics obviously are right out on ARM.

Are there any simple way to use c/c++ source code directly on my android application?

I am currently working on an android application that evaluate images in different aspects, and I found that there are lots great open source algorithms can be used.
Problem 1: Most of the algorithms are designed on c/c++/matlab languages that cannot be applied directly.
I've search that NDK is a tool that allows us develop android application by other languages, but the setup procedures are quite complicated that I stuck for days. So before I go further on it, I would like to first ask whether I can include other's c/c++ source code directly like calling java library?
Problem 2: For example, I would like to use Point Matching algorithm's source code in my application, but there are lots files inside as it's just source code but not library/plugin. What are the steps to apply the require functions in my android application?
(the most desired way is to blindly input some images to the alogrithm, and it returns the results like calling functions, which I dont have to understand the working principle of it.)

You can't directly use other C++ libraries, you have to build them for Android first using NDK. If there is a version of the library built for Android, then, of course you can use it directly by linking to it using NDK.
You have two options here. First, you create a regular Java application for Android, write a C++ wrapper for handling calls to native side and build the necessary source files using NDK. Your java application will make calls to wrapper using JNI and the wrapper will call your actual C++ functions as in Java->JNI wrapper on C++->Your actual C++ source.
Second option is going fully native, which will leave out Java, JNI calls and the wrapper. You can access your source files directly as if you were writing a desktop C++ application. In the end you will have to build using NDK but this step is required in any case.
As a suggestion, you can also take a look at OpenCV for image processing purposes. It has libraries built for Android, all you will have to do is to link them.

Short version.
Download opencv4android library. Import it in eclipse and see if everything is fine (compile errors, output, etc.).
Secondly, try to import face detection application and try to understand how it works.
It has a java part and a native part.
In order to understand how it works you must understand how java interacts with C++, more or less how NDK works.
One important aspect is to learn how to create your interfaces in C++, based on the native ones defined in java. When you got there then you can try creating your own application.
After that you can come here and ask specific questions.

compile Java to native Android instead of writing in C

We are looking for a way to protect our code and obfuscation is not enough.
Is it possible to compile Android java code to a native Android library?
Another option would be to write the code in c and connect with it through JNI ourselves. But the code we have is quite elaborate and well tested, a rewrite to c would start the testing all over.
PS: Before we were running on x86 hardware and used Excelsior Jet as a means for protection. As we want to move to more cost-effective (cheaper) Arm/android hardware we are looking for a simular solution as Jet, which alas only compiles to x86.

In theory you should be able to use LLVM. It has:
A Java frontend
A C backend
In principle, this could do what you need. However I imagine you'd need to distribute (in compiled form) lots of the Java class library. All in all, it sounds really hard. And someone who really wants to read the code won't have too much problem with ARM disassembly...

Running a Haskell program on the Android OS

Forenote: This is an extension of the thread started on /r/haskell
Lets start with the facts:
Android is one awesome Operating System
Haskell is the best programming language on the planet
Therefore, clearly, combining them would make Android development that much better. So essentially I would just like to know how I can write Haskell programs for the Android OS. My question is:
How can I get a Haskell program to execute/run on the Android OS?

How you do it is by first getting a Haskell compiler which can target C with the android NDK which comes with a GCC port for ARM architectures. JHC can trivially do this with a very small inf style file which describes the platform (word size, c-compiler, etc) I've done this with the Wii homebrew dev kit and it was quite easy. However jhc still has some stability issues with complex code such as using a monad transformer stack with IO but jhc has been improving a lot over the last 6 months. There is only one person working on JHC I just wished more people could help him.
The other option is to build an "unregistered" port of GHC targeting the ndk gcc, this is a lot more involved process because GHC is not a true cross-compiler at the moment and you need to understand the build system what parts you need to change. Another option is NHC which can cross-compile to C, like GHC you need to build nhc targeting a C compiler, NHC does not have many Haskell extensions like GHC.
Once you have Haskell compiler targeting NDK GCC, you will need to write bindings to either the android NDK JNI glue code framework (added since android 2.3) or you must write JNI glue code between Java-C-Haskell, the former option is the easier solution and if I remember correctly might actually be backwards compatible with previous versions of Android below 2.3.
Once you have this you must build Haskell code as shared library or static library which gets linked into the NDK java glue code (which itself is a shared library). As far as I'm aware you can not officially run native executables on android. You could probably do it with a rooted phone, thus I assume this means you can not distribute native executables on the app store even when the NDK gcc port can generate native executables just fine. This also probably kills the option for using LLVM unless you can get the NDK JNI working with LLVM.
The biggest hurdle isn't so much of getting a Haskell compiler for android (which is still a big hurdle) the biggest problem is that some one needs to write binding APIs for NDK libraries which is a huge task and the situation is worse if you need to write android UI code because there are no NDK APIs for this part of the android SDK. If you want to do android UI code in Haskell somebody will have to write Haskell bindings to Java through JNI/C. Unless there is a more automated process to writing binding libraries (I know there are some, they are just not automated enough for me) then chances of some one doing it are quite low.
L01man: Is there a tutorial about how to do this? For the
first part, I understand I have to download JHC. What do I have to
write in the inf file and how to use it?
Please note before I answer this question I haven't used jhc for quite sometime since I originally wrote this and newer versions have been released since so I do not know how stable jhc currently is when it comes to code generation of more complex Haskell programs. This is a warning to anyone before you consider making a large Haskell program with JHC, you should do some small tests before you go full on.
jhc does have a manual http://repetae.net/computer/jhc/manual.html and a section on setting-up cross-compilation and .ini file with options: http://repetae.net/computer/jhc/manual.html#crosscompilation.
L01man: The second part is an alternative to the first. I don't know how to do what you said in the
third.
Before you begin you should have some knowledge of C and be comfortable with using the Haskell foreign function interface (FFI) and tools such as hs2c. You should also be familiar with using the Android NDK and building .apk with shared libraries. You will need to know these to interface between C-Haskell, Java/C-Haskell and develop Haskell programs for Android that you can officially distribute/sell on the market store.
L01man: I understand that its goal is to create a binding for the
Android API. But... does the 4th part says we can't make .apk with
Haskell?
.apk is just an app package file format and is built with the tools that come with the Android SDK (not NDK), this has very little to do building the binaries itself. Android packages can contain native shared libraries, this what your Haskell program will be and the native shared/static libraries are generated via the Android NDK.

A language that has recently come to my attention is Eta.
Eta's compiler is a fork of GHC 7.10 which has a JVM backend. It is possible to use the generated JAR files to write Android apps and even use its Foreign Function Interface to call native Android Java libraries.
Brian McKenna has written a blog post about how to configure an Android Studio project to use an Eta library.

There is https://github.com/neurocyte/android-haskell-activity demonstrating Haskell code running.

I once came across the same Reddit thread, but it was old, and comments were closed. I sent a message to the OP, but am not sure whether it reached the recipient. My suggestion here (may work for older Androids where native activities were not possible).
I (developed in Haskell some time ago, but currently switched to Smalltalk) am currently developing a port of Squeak VM to Android. The way I am doing this is similar to what might be dealt with in a haskell-on-android project: a lump of C code which needs to be called from Java part of the application (basically all that can be done in Android is to handle various events; an application cannot poll for events itself and does not have any event loop). In my case the code is generated by the Squeak VM building tools, in the case of haskell on android this will be output from GHC of JHC or whatever front end used. This repo may be worth looking at:
http://gitorious.org/~golubovsky/cogvm/dmg-blessed/trees/master/platforms/android/project
Under "src" there is the Java code which provides for user events interception and sending them to the native code (see the CogView class). The C code of the VM itself is not completely there (see squeakvm.org, the Cog branch for that), but one may get the idea. One also might look under http://gitorious.org/~golubovsky/cogvm/dmg-blessed/trees/master/platforms/android/vm which is the C frontend to the interpreter (including user events handling, some timekeeping, etc.)
Hope this helps.
Dmitry

There is https://github.com/conscell/hugs-android a port of HUGS Haskell interpreter to Android.

I think the general answer should come from source->source transformations, since loading specially compiled shared objects seems to be a bit of a kludge (involving ghc->c and a c->java step in the answers above). This question thus falls under the heading of Haskell on the JVM, which has been tried (with one step as a Java intermediate representation) and discussed at length. You could use frege if the libraries you need compile there. The only remaining steps would be the beginnings of the Android framework API translated into IO() actions and maybe a wrapper for building the manifest xml and apk.

Android NativeActivity

The Android NDK has just been significantly expanded to include support for writing android applications entirely in native C/C++ code. One can now capture input events on the keyboard and touch screen using native code, and also implement the application lifecycle in C/C++ using the new NativeActivity class.
Given all the expanded native capabilities, would it be worthwhile to completely bypass Java and write Android application in native code?

The NDK is not native per-se. It is to a large extent a JNI wrapper around the Android SDK. Using NativeActivity gives you a convenient way of dealing with certain app-life cycle events, and add your own native code on top. ALooper, AInputQueue etc. are all JNI wrappers of the Java SDK counterparts, some with additional code that is private and unaccessible for real apps.
When it comes to Android development, there's no such thing as writing an application entirely in native C++ - you will (in every real App case that I can think of) always need to use the Android API:s, which are to a huge extent pure Java. Wether you use these through wrappers provided by the NDK or wrappers that you create yourself doesn't really change this.
So, to answer your question: No, it wouldn't be worthwhile, because you would end up writing JNI wrappers for SDK calls instead of writing JNI wrappers to your own Java methods that do the same thing, with less code, simpler code and faster code. For example, showing a dialog using "pure c++", involves quite many JNI calls. Just calling a Java method through JNI that does the same thing will give you faster code (one JNI call), and, arguably, code that is easier to maintain.
To fully understand what you can do, you really must examine the Android source code. Start with native_app_glue.c, which is available in the NDK, then continue with the OS implementation of AActivity, ALooper, AInputQueue etc. Google Code Search is a great help in this. :-)
If it is easy to do in Java, and includes many calls, call a method through JNI that does it all, rather than writing all the extra code to do it with multiple JNI calls. Preserve as much of your existing C++ code as is reasonable.

Not if you are just making a standard application. The Java SDK is more complete than its Native counterpart right now so you would still be making things more difficult for yourself.
If you are not doing something that requires the NDK (read: real time performance sensitive) then stick with Java.

Just some food for thought but if you have an app on iOS and Android, some C/C++ code might be shareable. Obviously the iOS Obj-C and platform specific code wouldn't work elsewhere. (Ditto for the Android specific stuff). But you might be able have some shared code that's platform neutral.

If you can, stick with the java style apps until versions of Android supporting native activities constitute a significant fraction of the installed base.
For things that were hard to do before - particularly ports of existing code - this will probably be a big help.
It's not entirely clear yet what has changed vs. just writing your own thin java wrapper. For example, is there still a copy of the dalvik VM hanging around?