So I want to build an extensible android application where developers can add 'CustomDevice' classes and the main program will run them automatically without editing existing code.
I've read about Service Provider interface and thought that would be a nice way to go about it.
So I tested it and created an interface called 'ICustomDevice' which custom device classes are expected to implement.
I've created a class called 'DummyDevice' that implements ICustomDevice.
Both DummyDevice and ICustomDevice are in the same package "CustomDevicePackage".
So in my main program I run the following.
ServiceLoader<ICustomDevice> loader = ServiceLoader.load(ICustomDevice.class);
Iterator<ICustomDevice> devices = loader.iterator();
System.out.println("Does it have devices? " + devices.hasNext());
It always returns false, which means it's not finding the 'DummyDevice'
In my eclipse project I created a folder at 'src' called META-INF and under it, a subfolder called 'services'.
'Services' has a file named 'CustomDevicePackage.ICustomDevice' with a line of content 'CustomDevicePackage.DummyDevice'.
Am I doing it right? Every example I see about SPI is about loading JARS.
I'm not loading a JAR, I'm trying to run a class in the same Project. Does this method only works for loading JARs? I want my program to support loading local subclasses and external JARs alike.
I am adding this as an answer but leaving the prior "answer" to provide extended code detail for this workaround. I am working on reporting the prior answer results as a bug to Google.
Because the Android implementation of java.util.ServiceLoader is broken (always populating internal java.security.AccessControlContext field with AccessController.getContext() even if System.getSecurityManager() == null), the workaround is to create your own ServiceLoader class by copying the code found at OpenJDK for Java 8 into your class, add specific imports required from java.util without using import java.util.*;, and call that ServiceLoader in your code (you will have to fully reference the ServiceLoader you created to over ambiguity).
This isn't elegant but it is a functional workaround that works! Also, you will need to use a ClassLoader in your ServiceLoader.load() call. That ClassLoader will either have to be YourClass.class.getClassLoader() or a child ClassLoader of the class' ClassLoader.
Though it's an old post, This may be still be of some help to others:
When I was running or debugging a project that contained a ServiceLoader Class, I had to put the META-INF/services folder into the src/ folder in Eclipse.
If I tried to export the project as Runnable jar and tried to use the class with the service loader, it never worked.
When I checked the jar, unzipping it, I found the folder under src/META-INF/services though.
Only when I also added the META-INF folder directly in the root directory of the jar, it started to work.
I haven't found a fix though inside Eclipse, that makes sure it gets exported right...maybe an ANT script can solve this issue, but so far no attempts made...
This is an answer:
At some point, Android removed the AccessControlContext field in ServiceLoader and ServiceLoader now works. As my comments indicate, this was reproduceable using the "out-of-the-box" OREO (API 26) Intel Atom x86 emulator with Android Studio (also fresh download). 24 hours later, ServiceLoader no longer contained the acc field (as shown in the Android Studio debugger with the same emulator). The Android SDKs dating back to API 24 do not show the acc field.
Per the Android developer currently maintaining the ServiceLoader code:
He is not aware of ServiceLoader ever having the acc field in Android (it did as we were able to reproduce) and thought the debugger/emulator might have been using JDK code (but I showed the OpenJDK code works correctly). Somewhere along the way, the errant code was updated and I am no longer able to reproduce.
Be sure your OS is up-to-date and you should no longer see this phenomena.
I am trying to use the EWS Java API v1.1.5 (http://archive.msdn.microsoft.com/ewsjavaapi) in an Android application, and have run into a number of issues.
I downloaded the source, and followed the instructions provided to compile the EWS Java API in Eclipse. In those instructions you are told to download and
add the following pre-requiste jar file dependencies:
commons-codec-1.4.jar
commons-httpclient-3.1.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
jcifs-1.3.15.jar
I did this, and followed the build instructions with produced the following jar files:
EWSAPI-1.1.0.jar
EWSAPIWithJars-1.1.0
Next, I built a brand new Android application, added the appropriate permissions to the manifest, and then added the following source to the primary activity's OnCreate:
ExchangeService service = new ExchangeService();
ExchangeCredentials credentials = new WebCredentials("emailaddress", "password");
service.setCredentials(credentials);
try
{
service.autodiscoverUrl("emailaddress", this);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
I first tried running this application with the EWSAPI-1.1.0.jar file as a dependency. When I did that, I obtained the following fatal error:
Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
org.apache.commons.httpclient.MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager at
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.ExchangeServiceBase.(Unknown
Source) at
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.ExchangeServiceBase.(Unknown
Source) at
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.ExchangeService.(Unknown
Source) at
com.meshin.exchange.ExchangeDiscoveryActivity.onCreate(ExchangeDiscoveryActivity.java:40)
From what I've researched, it seems like this error is being generated because Android comes with the Apache HttpClient 4.0, which doesn't appear
to have the MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager class anymore.
If I instead remove the EWSAPI-1.1.0.jar, and instead use the EWSAPIWithJARS-1.1.0.jar file as a dependency, I get the following error:
VFY: unable to resolve static method 908: Ljavax/xml/stream/XMLOutputFactory;
newInstance()Ljavax/xml/stream/XMLOutputFactory;
VFY: dead code 0x0008-006a in L
microsoft/exchange/webservices/data/EwsUtilities;.formatLogMessage
(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;) Ljava/lang/String;
VFY: unable to find class referenced in signature (Ljavax/xml/stream/XMLStreamWriter;)
And then eventually...
FATAL EXCEPTION: main java.lang.VerifyError:
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.AutodiscoverService at
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.ExchangeService.getAutodiscoverUrl(Unknown
Source) at
microsoft.exchange.webservices.data.ExchangeService.autodiscoverUrl(Unknown
Source) at
com.meshin.exchange.ExchangeDiscoveryActivity.onCreate(ExchangeDiscoveryActivity.java:41)
I am assuming because now I am including the HttpClient 3.1 jar and it is conflicting with the HttpClient 4.0 jar included with the Android libraries.
My question is if there is a way for me to use the EWS Java API in an Android project without having to re-write the parts of it which reference
HttpClient 3.1-specific things which are no longer in 4.0.
You can use microsoft's EWS api for android by doing the following steps,
download the source code available in the URL,
http://archive.msdn.microsoft.com/ewsjavaapi
EWSJavaAPI_1.1.5.zip
Make the changes to above api to work for JDK 1.4 in eclipse like remove override annotations e.t.c
Download source code of javax.* package available in below URL,
http://www.java2s.com/Code/JarDownload/jsr173/jsr173_1.0_src.jar.zip
Download source code of stax api available in below URL,
http://dist.codehaus.org/stax/distributions/stax-src-1.2.0.zip
Keep all the sources under the single java project in eclipse
Open the project explorer and select the package which are starts with "javax" and rename to your company name eg: com. Note: Eclipse will ask for all the naming contexts will change then click OK.
Export all the java sources to one single jar file.
Then You good to go to use the jar in Android application with out any problems.
I used the same way explained above and it worked in android application 100% perfectly.
This isn't a useful answer but I've also been struggling to look at the EWS API over the last couple of weeks, with no success.
The main issue I've found is it references a lot of the javax APIs which aren't on Android. There's a hack you can find that explains how to "re-class" these but I've not got it working yet; in addition, the DnsClient references some namespaces that jarsearches only return for rt.jar - the main runtime. And including this in an Android app would just be crazy!
Before finding the API I was trying to use KSOAP to communicate with EWS but again ran into problems - you need to be able to do NTLM and SSL and I couldn't find any way of combining all these with KSOAP in any simple way.
The EWS API looks the way to go (why re-invent the wheel) but getting it working on Android looks very tricky (if not impossible)
Please check this library for the solution
I have the following setup:
LibProjectWithActivity - an android library project which contains PreviewActivity
AppProject - usual Android Project which uses LibProjectWithActivity
AppProjectTest - an Android JUnit Test Project which is an ActivityInstumentationTestCase2
First of all: all basic dependencies are set up correctly, because I can perfectly launch my app in emulator, it shows PreviewActivity just ok, things work - no problems here.
But I fail to launch the test... Here's the setup:
public class PreviewActivityTest
extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<PreviewActivity> {
public PreviewActivityTest() {
// note: if i put "com.the7art.libprojectwithactivity" instead it wont find it
// and will fail with "activity not found"
super("com.the7art.appproject", PreviewActivity.class);
}
public void testDummy() {
getActivity();
}
}
This throws a NullPointerException like this:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.the7art.appproject/com.the7art.libprojectwithactivity.PreviewActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2401)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2417)
.......
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.the7art.libprojectwithactivity.PreviewActivity.onCreate(PreviewActivity.java:37)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1123)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2364)
... 11 more
Here are lines PreviewActivity.java:36,37:
mButtonAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_add);
mButtonAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
So what this exception means is that R.id.button_add (which is in a libproject) is perfectly found, but the view by this id can't be found. If I comment out this code, it'll crash similarly when trying to obtain another resource.
Looks like test uses right R.java, but wrong Context object. Or something like this.
Again, the app code is ok, because it works in emulator, something is wrong with test setup...
Any hints on what is wrong and how to fix this?
Yes the test can be only use the Activity project as a target, look at the projectTarget in your Test manifest file.
This means that your test can use the same context as your application does. Accessing only the application's project resources. However, you can't access Library's project resources, you can use the R.string.XX from the library's project because this was first built it, and it's only a generated identifier that will be used in the application's context to find the resource. So the result will be an mistake in the resource found or a resource not found exception.
There are 2 ways to test a library project, here they are
I have created and published my first Android app. It's very simple. It works fine on simulator and some phones, but I am getting this error:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate application cz.teamnovak.droid.Novak ESC Track guide: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: cz.teamnovak.droid.Novak ESC Track guide in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/cz.teamnovak.droid-1.apk]
at android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo.makeApplication(ActivityThread.java:649)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4232)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$3000(ActivityThread.java:125)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2071)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4627)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:868)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:626)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: cz.teamnovak.droid.Novak ESC Track guide in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/cz.teamnovak.droid-1.apk]
at dalvik.system.PathClassLoader.findClass(PathClassLoader.java:243)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:573)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:532)
at android.app.Instrumentation.newApplication(Instrumentation.java:942)
at android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo.makeApplication(ActivityThread.java:644)
... 11 more
Any idea what can cause this?
Yep, I had this exact same problem. It was because I specified the android:name attribute in the application node in the manifest file.
Your Android Manifest file probably looks something like this:
<application
android:name="Novak ESC Track guide"
android:icon="#drawable/icon"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:description="#string/help_text" >
Do not use the android:name attribute! unless you've implemented a custom Application object.
The application:name attribute has nothing to do with the name of your app. This is the name of a specific class to load as your Application instance. That's why you would get the ClassNotFoundException if that class wouldn't exist.
For the name of the app use the android:label attribute on this same application node instead.
Remove it and it should work:
<application
android:icon="#drawable/icon"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:description="#string/help_text" >
Something like this happened when I changed the build target to 3.2. After digging around I found that a had named the jar lib folder "lib" instead of "libs". I just renamed it to libs and updated the references on the Java build path and everything was working again. Maybe this will help someone...
We have a couple of projects where this issue was logged from time to time on the Android Market. I found the following issues in the manifests:
If the package name is com.test then activities names should be .ActivityName (with a leading dot), not just ActivityName.
For some classes, those that appeared in the logs most often, the class name was specified as com.test.Name while it should have been .Name.
I guess many implementations of Android handle these minor issues successfully (this is why the exception never happened in testing), while others few are throwing the exception.
I have this problem sometimes with eclipse. What has corrected it for me is to go to Project Properties / Android and change the build target API to a different version and republish. I'll find that corrected it, then I can change it back to the desired build target.
or
You may need to check your proguard.cfg.
Assuming you have linked your libraries properly and that your library projects have the code you need marked for export, the next step you might want to do is to check your proguard settings and make sure you are not stripping out the classes you need.
I was struggling with this quite a bit after I had my app working going directly to the emulator or device from eclipse. The problem I was having was after the app was published (i.e. gone through proguard) and run on the device it was missing classes that were contained in the project. They were being stripped out somehow.
My problem may have been caused when I had tried to use IntelliJ and have switched back to eclipse.
Here is the proguard file that worked for me:
-optimizationpasses 5
-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
-dontpreverify
-verbose
-optimizations !code/simplification/arithmetic,!field/*,!class/merging/*
-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
native <methods>;
}
-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
}
-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}
-keepclassmembers enum * {
public static **[] values();
public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
}
-keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
}
Had the same error: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate activity (classnotfound)
FIRST try to change the build platform (2.3.3 -> 2.2 -> 2.3.3) worked for me.
This is my observation with respect to the Error. I recently Updated the ADT to 22.0.1.
I am getting following Error when i imported my previous Projects
"E/AndroidRuntime(24807): Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.sherl.sherlockfragmentsapp.StartActivity in loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[/data/app/com.sherl.sherlockfragmentsapp-1.apk]"
Then I changed "Properties->Java Build Path-> Order and Export" in the following manner
[Unable to add the Image because of the Forum rules]
Android Private Libraries - checked
Android 4.2.2 - unchecked
Android Dependencies - checked
/src - selected
/gen - selected
It resolved the issue. Hope this is Help you guys.
I know this question has been answered, and it likely wasn't the case. But I was getting this error, and figured I'd post why in case it can be helpful to anyone else.
So I was getting this error, and after several hours sheepishly realized that I had unchecked 'Project > Build Automatically'. So although I had no compilation errors, this is why I was getting this error. Everything started working as soon as I realized that I wasn't actually building the project before deploying :-/
Well, that's my story :-)
Had this sort of problem today after upgrading to latest ADT/SDK. Took me quite a while. Checked that i used google-apis (for maps), uses-library, cleaned the project etc.
Deleting the .project and adding a fresh one (create new android project) finally solved it.
I got this error when I ran my app on earlier versions of android. I thought SearchView was backwards compatible to Android 1.5, but it was created in 3.0. I removed its reference from the code and it worked.
In my case I had to add android:name=".activity.SkeletonAppActivity"
instead of android:name=".SkeletonAppActivity" in the manifest file for the main activity.
SkeletonAppActivity was in a different package from the application class. Good luck!
Make sure that android:hasCode is not set to false in your manifest file. This is what solved the problem for me!
Well you have a java.lang.ClassNotFoundException. That means a class is missing in the application runtime. You should check wheather you have added all your libs to the build path.
Right click on your project -> properties -> java build path -> libraries, add your libs or create one containing your classes and enable order export for your libs.
In my case, the icon of the app was causing the error:
<application
android:name="com.test.MyApp"
android:icon="#drawable/myicon"
Why? Because I put the icon only in the folder "drawable", and I'm using a high resolution testing device, so it looks in the folder "drawable-hdpi" for the icon. The default behaviour for everything else is use the icons from "drawable" if they aren't in "drawable-hdpi". But for the launching icon this doesn't seem to be valid.
So the solution is to put a copy of the icon (with the same name, of course) in "drawable-hdpi" (or whichever supported resolutions the devices have).
I used a supertype method that was declared 'final' in one of my Activities (specifically the 'isResumed()' method). The actual error showed in LogCat only after restarting my development device.
The Class Not Found Error shows that your class files are missing. Please go to Properties > Java Build Path and add your package containing your java files to the Source tab if found missing. Then build your project. This will create the missing .class files.
I recently invested some time in a similar error report that reached me through the play store error reports.
An overview of some possible causes.
Missing Library
Since my app is tested before release and the issue only occurs approx. once a week I'm pretty sure mine isn’t a library issue. You should think in this direction if a build on your system fails and installing the app using ADB results in error on launch.
Cleaning and building your project could help if this is a local issue and make sure you have the latest version of both SDK and IDE.
In these cases it’s one class of your app or a library used in your app that triggers the error. This is an important difference with the next point where the entry point (Activity with MAIN intent or your custom service/Application object) of your app is not found.
If so look into the following questions & answers I’ve selected. They all have an accepted answer.
unable to instantiate application - ClassNotFoundException
Android Activity ClassNotFoundException - tried everything
Android ClassNotFoundException
Main Activity or Application not found
Misconfiguration of AndroidManifest.xml
More like a beginners mistake was quoted here before in one of the answers talking about the android manifest file.
Important here is that this error would always block your app from loading. It should build though but crash on the first use.
I’ve edited that answer, this is the important part:
Do not use the android:name attribute! unless you've implemented a
custom Application object.
The application:name attribute has nothing to do with the name of your
app. This is the name of a specific class to load as your Application
instance. That's why you would get the ClassNotFoundException if that
class wouldn't exist.
For the name of the app use the android:label attribute on this same
application node instead.
Suppressed: java.io.IOException: unable to open DEX file
Now it’s getting interesting! This was part of the stack trace logged in my case through the playstore. So I can create a build and execute that on my device without errors (whereas all previous errors would prevent any run).
An important comment was made to the following SO question Android Application ClassNotFoundException, Unable to instantiate application
Looks like the system has trouble opening your application dex file java.io.IOException: unable to open DEX file, this is before any of your classes are loaded, so it doesn't have anything to do with how you define your application class in the Manifest. – user2046264 Feb 27 '14 at 2:25
The important part here is the suppressed IOException. This indicates that an IO operation failed. Examples of IO operations are network and storage calls.
Another error report that goes into that direction is listed at Android to Unable to instantiate Application java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: where the role of the external storage provided by an sdcard is mentioned.
Some other similar questions indicate that this can be a user error. "/mnt/asec/..." indicates that the app is running from the sdcard. If the sdcard is removed it could cause this error. 3rd party apps or rooted devices can probably move an app to the sdcard even if its not allowed by the manifest.
If you’re desperate read all the answers to that question since there are some other paths listed also. Think of full package specification, use of singletons and more.
The point here is that both network and storage are IO.
For my specific case I checked all the devices that reported this error and found that they all have external storage support. So a user could install the app and move it to external storage, have the SD card removed and get this error (just a theory, not tested).
For more info on the installLocation options see http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/data/install-location.html
I also considered the network. On top of the stack trace detail page at the play store reports you get an overview of the occurrences of the error over time.
It appeared to me that the error occurred more around the times an update was released. This could support the theory that the user gets an update of the app, downloads this update that somehow gets corrupted. The installation goes fine but the first execution of the app results in the error (again just a theory, not tested).
Other resources
Finally 2 non SO resources that might help you:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-developers/JC7_qqwBRjo
https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=72121
Are you using your code in different enviroments, let's say, by using Dropbox or something like that? Do you use any library or similar? I had a lot of troubles after sharing the workspace files and I fixed it reconfiguring dependences. Hope it helps somebody!
Check if the package name in the class matches the package name in the manifest file. This worked for me
In my case it happen when i moved my launcher activity to different package without updating manifest file.
I had a ClassNotFoundException pointing to my Application class.
I found that I missed Java builder in my .project
If something is missing in your buildSpec, close Eclipse, make sure everything is in place and start Eclipse again
<buildSpec>
<buildCommand>
<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ResourceManagerBuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
<buildCommand>
<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.PreCompilerBuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
<buildCommand>
<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
<buildCommand>
<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ApkBuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
</buildSpec>
I have same problem in android os version 4.1.2
add below line to your AndroidManifest.xml below android:label="#string/app_name" in application tag
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication"
This may help some one with same problem.
Setting minifyEnabled to false in my build.gradle file fixed the issue for me.
release {
minifyEnabled false
}
For me it was just to clean project.
I cleaned project, and run again. And all errors gone.
What helped me in case of Android Studio:
The problem occurred after renamning package of large project.
So I did almost everything AS offers to clean and refresh the project officially, and it works. I'm not saying this is solution for everyone just in case you're using Android Studio. Done in Android Studio 3.5.1, Windows 10.
Alex's answer
Build > Clean Project
Build > Rebuild Project
File > Sync with File System
File > Sync project with Gradle Files
File > Invalidate Caches / Restart
Make sure that you have package
com.aaraf.demowithdoc //Your Package Name
com.aaraf.demowithdoc [YOUR PACKAGE NAME]
is there in your class where this java.lang.classnotfoundexception is occuring
For me, 'closing' the application from Eclipse and 'reopening' of the project, resolved the issue.