Develop Reference

Sliding down activity - Android Material Design App

I've been to make this effect in Android. I've achieved to make a Share Element Intent succesfully but don't have a clue on how to get back to the previous activity by sliding down the second one.
The example of what I'd like to do is this: https://github.com/klinker41/android-slidingactivity/blob/master/preview.gif (But implemented with native resources)
Thank you.

I think you're searching for "BottomSheet",
Please Refer below link
This is for custom create
and
Material guidelines
and
Create Bottom Sheet from This link

How would you implement this tutorial screen in Android app?

I saw this when I first started and opened my emulator and wanted to include something like in my application.
Does anyone know how you implement this tutorial? Do you basically have a layout file with a TextView, ImageView, and a Button? And inflate it with some kind of dialog fragment? Is there a way to account for the transparency as well?
I experimented with a dialog fragment but mine looks nothing like the screenshot above. (no transparency, position at center, etc...)

I have never used it so I can not give you a code example. However it is documented in the Help Section of the developer documentation.
This library can help you too.

Android Dropdown List (iPhone style)

Could anyone tell me either what this widget is or how it could be recreated? I'm having to port over a iPhone app, and my boss wants me to make it look as similar as possible, but while using android controls. Here is a picture of it in Android:
http://cdn3.staztic.com/screenshots/android-swim-32-2.jpg
Thanks!

It is not a standard thing, but for this purpose, there is a: QuickAction dialog.

this can be done with a PopupWindow (it can also be shown as dropdown) where the background is a custom nine-patch file and the content is a listview (or any other view that fits your needs).

I'm sure that GreenDroid Library can do this but I don't know the name of the class to use

How to accomplish Facebook like home screen using Android API?

i am looking to add a home screen to my app sort of like facebook app has with little icons and labels under them (Pictures, Chat, Wall, etd). I would like to go this route as opposed to adding bunch of tabs on top.
My question is how i can get it done with Android API? I know i could probably make these icons with labels within but perhaps there is a way to make it in a native way.
Thanks! :)

Use regular Button/ImageButtons, but with android:background="#null". If you want the icons to change while they're being pressed or selected, use StateList Drawables.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/resources/drawable-resource.html#StateList

Have you considered looking at the Facebook API and SDK for Android? They also provide functionality to create Facebook style dialogs aswell. Read-up more about the Facebook SDK here

I would suggest using a RelativeLayout and defining the looks of the home screen in XML. I would use ImageButtons like mentioned by gngr44 and then make the text labels from TextViews. You can align them beneath the buttons in XML and RelativeLayout is probably best.
The Android Developers site has a lot of useful info to get started. Like this link: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/index.html

Android sidebar

I've been using firefox for Android and really like the use of the sidebar to hold shortcut icons and the like. How would I go about creating a similar bar myself with the following attributes:
progressively revealed as I swipe in one direction
progressively hides as I swipe in the other direction
can be a custom width
I can dynamically inject layout in to it or it can hold static content
Is there any open source code available? If not, what approach would I use to create this?

Sound like you're describing a Gallery control. There are some examples in the ApiDemos project here.

The first part can be solved by using a ListView. The second part I don't know yet. I'm looking for such a component as well.