So I'm trying to get a list of status objects from a public Twitter timeline ( not my own Twitter timeline or anything that I have admin access to, just a public one from a local organization ) using the Twitter4J library in Android Studio, but I'm getting a little confused by the documentation. I'm running into this error: "Invalid access token format."
I did create a developers account with Twitter and got a consumer key and token, as well as an access token and secret numbers. Those values are saved in a set of private static strings for now. TWITTER_ZOO_ID is a private long with the Twitter ID number for the feed that I want to display. Here's the applicable code that I currently have:
Twitter twitter;
List<Status> statuses = null;
ConfigurationBuilder cb = new ConfigurationBuilder();
cb.setDebugEnabled(true)
.setOAuthConsumerKey( TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY )
.setOAuthConsumerSecret( TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET )
.setOAuthAccessToken( TWITTER_AUTH_TOKEN )
.setOAuthAccessTokenSecret( TWITTER_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET );
try {
TwitterFactory tf = new TwitterFactory(cb.build());
twitter = tf.getInstance();
twitter.setOAuthConsumer( TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY, TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET );
statuses = twitter.getUserTimeline( TWITTER_ZOO_ID );
}
catch( TwitterException e ) {
Log.e( "TwitterListFragment", "Twitter Exception" );
return;
}
for( Status status : statuses )
mAdapter.add( status );
If anyone has a link to a good example for Twitter 1.1 using Twitter4J, or can provide an example of how to get those statuses, I'd really appreciate it. I'm currently using Android Studio and including Twitter4J in Gradle from MavenCentral.
Thank you!
EDIT:
Upon further reading, I've added this additional code without success:
twitter.setOAuthConsumer( TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY, TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET );
AccessToken token = new AccessToken( TWITTER_AUTH_TOKEN, TWITTER_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET );
twitter.setOAuthAccessToken( token );
If you want to get info from a public Twitter timeline, you can use Application-only Authentication, because the user doesn´t need to login, I think it fits you because you don´t use admin rights.
The application-only auth flow follows these steps:
An application encodes its consumer key and secret into a specially
encoded set of credentials.
An application makes a request to the POST
oauth2/token endpoint to exchange these credentials for a bearer token.
When accessing the REST API, the application uses the bearer token to authenticate.
Because twitter4j has added this feature recently, you should use the last snapshot library.
An example using it:
private ConfigurationBuilder builder;
private Twitter twitter;
private TwitterFactory factory;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.init_act_layout);
// setup
builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
builder.setUseSSL(true);
builder.setApplicationOnlyAuthEnabled(true);
builder.setOAuthConsumerKey(Constants.CONSUMER_KEY);
builder.setOAuthConsumerSecret(Constants.CONSUMER_SECRET);
Configuration configuration = builder.build();
factory = new TwitterFactory(configuration);
((MyApp) (MyApp.getApp())).setTFactory(factory);
if (isNeededTwitterAuth()) {
twitter = factory.getInstance();
//Get the token async and save it
}
//Search tweets
}
/*
* Checks if twitter access token is already saved in preferences
*
* #return true if auth needed
*/
private boolean isNeededTwitterAuth() {
SharedPreferences settings = getSharedPreferences(Constants.TWITTER_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
String twitterAccesToken = settings.getString("bearerAccessToken", "");
String twitterTokenType = settings.getString("bearerTokenType", "");
return ((twitterAccesToken.length() == 0) && (twitterTokenType.length() == 0));
}
}
To get the bearer token, do it out of Main UI thread to avoid Network exception, f.i. using AsyncTask:
#Override
protected OAuth2Token doInBackground(Void... params) {
OAuth2Token bearerToken = null;
try {
bearerToken = twitter.getOAuth2Token();
} catch (TwitterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bearerToken;
}
When you obtain the bearer token, save it:
SharedPreferences appSettings = getSharedPreferences(Constants.TWITTER_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor prefEditor = appSettings.edit();
prefEditor.putString("bearerAccessToken", result.getAccessToken());
prefEditor.putString("bearerTokenType", result.getTokenType());
prefEditor.commit();
And to use the bearer token:
OAuth2Token bearerToken = new OAuth2Token(bearerTokenType, bearerAccesstoken);
twitter.setOAuth2Token(bearerToken);
And search tweets (always out of Main thread):
#Override
protected QueryResult doInBackground(Void... params) {
twitter.setOAuth2Token(bearerToken);
Query query = new Query();
[...]
result = twitter.search(query);
A complete explanation in the blog (in Spanish...)
And a complete example in the twitter4j github
Hope it helps!
I would recommend using the recently updated Twitter SDK (Fabric).
https://docs.fabric.io/android/twitter/twitter.html
Related
I am currently testing Microsoft Azure and the App Service/Mobile Apps feature using a native Android app and C# on the back end.
I started with the Getting Started application (ToDo) as the base app and now I am trying to enable Authentication using the https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/app-service-authentication-overview/ page and Google as the provider.
So far I have
created a Google project with a OAuth Web client
the authorized redirect uri set there is: https://.azurewebsites.net/.auth/login/google/callback
in the Azure portal and the App Service instance I have enabled Authorization/Authentication
the "Action to take when request is not authenticated" option is set to "Allow Request"
For the Google Provider I have set the Client Id and Client Secret
In the Android app I am using the GoogleApiClient class to let the user select a Google Account. Also I get the ID token and the Server Auth Code
GoogleSignInOptions gso = new GoogleSignInOptions.Builder(GoogleSignInOptions.DEFAULT_SIGN_IN)
.requestEmail()
.requestIdToken(getString(R.string.server_client_id))
.requestServerAuthCode(getString(R.string.server_client_id))
.build();
mScopes = gso.getScopeArray();
mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
.enableAutoManage(this, this)
.addApi(Auth.GOOGLE_SIGN_IN_API, gso)
.build();
Once the user picks up an account I retrieve the token and code and then I ask for an access token using the GoogleAuthUtil class. After I get the access_token I try to exchange it with an App Service token (authenticate2 method)
private void handleSignInResult(GoogleSignInResult result) {
Log.d("", "handleSignInResult: " + result.isSuccess());
if(result.isSuccess()) {
final GoogleSignInAccount account = result.getSignInAccount();
final String idToken = account.getIdToken();
String serverAuthCode = account.getServerAuthCode();
mSignInButton.setVisibility(View.GONE);
mGoogleUserText.setText(account.getDisplayName());
mGoogleUserText.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
prefs.edit().putString("idToken", idToken).commit();
prefs.edit().putString("serverAuthCode", serverAuthCode).commit();
new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
#Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
try {
StringBuilder scopesBuilder = new StringBuilder("oauth2:");
for(Scope scope : mScopes) {
scopesBuilder//.append("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/")
.append(scope.toString())
.append(" ");
}
String token = GoogleAuthUtil.getToken(ToDoActivity.this,
account.getEmail(), scopesBuilder.toString());
return token;
} catch (IOException | GoogleAuthException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(ToDoActivity.this);
prefs.edit().putString("accessToken", result).apply();
authenticate2();
}
}.execute();
} else {
mSignInButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mGoogleUserText.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
private void authenticate2() {
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
String idToken = prefs.getString("idToken", null);
String serverAuthCode = prefs.getString("serverAuthCode", null);
String accessToken = prefs.getString("accessToken", null);
JsonObject json = new JsonObject();
json.addProperty("access_token", accessToken);
json.addProperty("id_token", idToken);
json.addProperty("authorization_code", serverAuthCode);
ListenableFuture<MobileServiceUser> loginFuture =
mClient.login(MobileServiceAuthenticationProvider.Google, json);
Futures.addCallback(loginFuture, new FutureCallback<MobileServiceUser>() {
#Override
public void onSuccess(MobileServiceUser result) {
createTable();
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
Log.e(TAG, t.getMessage(), t);
}
});
}
So I am using the MobileServiceClient.login() method to send back to the server the access_token of the user in order to get back an Azure session.
Nevertheless, this call fails and I get back a MobileServiceException:
com.microsoft.windowsazure.mobileservices.MobileServiceException: You do not have permission to view this directory or page.
Any ideas what am I missing here?
Thanks
Well this is more than embarassing :-)
I first tried to "manually" verify the id_token using the Google tokeninfo endpoint:
https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/tokeninfo?id_token=
but I was getting a generic error that didn't give a lot of info.
Then I used the Google API Java client library and created a small test to verify my token (more info here: https://developers.google.com/identity/sign-in/android/backend-auth)
That test was failing as well and I realized that the reason for that was the expiring time of my token which was smaller than the current time. And this was happening because my emulator time was not correct!
When I set the "correct" timezone everything worked as expected.
Sorry for the post guys. You can use the code here as a template and don't forget to check your emulator time :-)
im trying to post status updates to twitter. I am using the Twitter4j lib. My code runs without crashing but in the log cat is says "401:Authentication credentials
(https://dev.twitter.com/pages/auth) were missing or incorrect. Ensure that you have set valid consumer key/secret, access token/secret, and the system clock is in sync.
{"request":"\/1.1\/statuses\/update.json","error":"Read-only application cannot POST."}
any help? I have signed up on twitter and i check the read and write permissions.
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
ConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
builder.setOAuthConsumerKey("kkwfh72794883jjg");
builder.setOAuthConsumerSecret("77j3jgweqwewerrud3434567hgfd");
// Access Token
String access_token = "lokiujyhtgrfedvwn325zckjdhdgeAHGsw23";
// Access Token Secret
String access_token_secret = "QsRgfgHJMsjeh5762JHF2dgswrfMNQljsG";
AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken(access_token, access_token_secret);
Twitter twitter = new TwitterFactory(builder.build()).getInstance(accessToken);
// Update status
try {
twitter4j.Status response = twitter.updateStatus("updated via myapp");
Log.d("Status", "> " + response.getText());
// Error in updating status
} catch (TwitterException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
Log.d("Twitter Update Error", e.getMessage());
}
}
};
Thread mythread = new Thread(runnable);
mythread.start();
}
I was having similar issue. What I did was:
Check if your app has Read and Write permissions
If it doesn't, check the permissions radiobutton, and click Update Settings
After that, you must manually regenerate your access tokens (I regenerated consumer key, too)
Hope this will help other strugglers.
I think you should change your code:
Like this:
ConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
builder.setOAuthConsumerKey("kkwfh72794883jjg");
builder.setOAuthConsumerSecret("77j3jgweqwewerrud3434567hgfd");
OAuthAuthorization auth = new OAuthAuthorization(builder.build());
// Access Token
String access_token = "lokiujyhtgrfedvwn325zckjdhdgeAHGsw23";
// Access Token Secret
String access_token_secret = "QsRgfgHJMsjeh5762JHF2dgswrfMNQljsG";
Twitter twitter = new TwitterFactory().getInstance(auth);
I've wrote some code to allow a user to login to his Twitter account and send Tweet using Twitter4j and following this tutorial.
Now I can also get the tweets of a public account using
ConfigurationBuilder cb = new ConfigurationBuilder();
cb.setHttpConnectionTimeout(10000)
.setHttpReadTimeout(10000)
.setOAuthConsumerKey(Config.TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY)
.setOAuthConsumerSecret(Config.TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET)
.setOAuthAccessToken(Utils.getPrefsString(getActivity(),
TwitterPrefsFragment.PREF_KEY_OAUTH_TOKEN, "")) // empty if not authentified
.setOAuthAccessTokenSecret(Utils.getPrefsString(getActivity(),
TwitterPrefsFragment.PREF_KEY_OAUTH_SECRET, "")); // empty if not authentified
TwitterFactory tf = new TwitterFactory(cb.build());
Twitter twitter = tf.getInstance();
List<twitter4j.Status> statuses = twitter.getUserTimeline(SOME_PUBLIC_TWITTER_ACCOUNT, new Paging(1, 50));
but this only works when the user is authenticated and the app has the oauth token and secret in the preferences..
How can I get a Twitter public timeline with no Access Token, i.e. without having the user to authenticate?
EDIT
I'm reformulating my question to make it clearer:
I managed to authenticate my Twitter app and a user with the code given here.
Now, if the user is not logged in, how can I get a public timeline? In that case, there is no OAUTH_TOKEN and OAUTH_SECRET, and the request shown above does not work because an empty string is set to ConfigurationBuilder.setOAuthAccessToken and ConfigurationBuilder.setOAuthAccessTokenSecret.
So what is, if it exists, the request to get a public timeline, with no OAUTH_TOKEN and OAUTH_SECRET?
In your case, you should use Application-only authentication.
To do this with Twitter4J, try the following code
ConfigurationBuilder cb = new ConfigurationBuilder();
cb
.setOAuthConsumerKey(<YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY>)
.setOAuthConsumerSecret(<YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET>)
.setApplicationOnlyAuthEnabled(true); // IMPORTANT: set T4J to use App-only auth
TwitterFactory tf = new TwitterFactory(cb.build());
Twitter twitter = tf.getInstance();
OAuth2Token token = twitter.getOAuth2Token();
if (token != null) {
System.out.println("Token Type : " + token.getTokenType());
System.out.println("Access Token: " + token.getAccessToken());
}
ResponseList<Status> list = twitter.getUserTimeline(783214); // Load #twitter's timeline without user login.
Key points of the above sample code:
Call setApplicationOnlyAuthEnabled(true) to enable Application-only authentication.
Get the access Token using getOAuth2Token() instead of getOAuthAccessToken()
This is certainly possible and I have already tried it. If your doubt is only regarding the Access Token and Access Token secret being empty, then you should try to use the Access Token provided in the app page. By app page I mean, the link where you have registered your twitter app.
If you go to dev.twitter.com ,and go to your app settings, you can see a consumer key, consumer secret, access token and access token secret. Make use of these and follow my below code and it should work,
ConfigurationBuilder cb = new ConfigurationBuilder();
cb.setDebugEnabled(true)
.setOAuthConsumerKey("B*************Q")
.setOAuthConsumerSecret(
"l*************o")
.setOAuthAccessToken(
"1*************s")
.setOAuthAccessTokenSecret(
"s*************s");
TwitterFactory tf = new TwitterFactory(cb.build());
twitter = tf.getInstance();
try {
List<Status> statuses;
String user;
user = "Replace this with the screen name whose feeds you want to fetch";
statuses = twitter.getUserTimeline(user);
Log.i("Status Count", statuses.size() + " Feeds");
} catch (TwitterException te) {
te.printStackTrace();
}
I used twitter 4j 3.03.jar for this.
How can I get a Twitter public timeline with no Access Token and Secret using Twitter4j?
Oh, that is very simple. YOU CAN'T.
Twitter a a data based company. 99% of the property of the company (I mean what the company owns) is data. It would be contra-productive, to give this data for free out to other people/businesses.
If the thing you want, would be possible, then there would be an easy way to backup the whole twitter database.
That is why they let you register an account for each application, that wants to use the API and limit each account to a certain amount of API calls per time frame. Of course they also want to prevent their network from spam etc.
If you want get tweets without user authenticating, you can use Application-only Authentication, because the user doesn´t need to login.
With Application-only authentication Twitter offers applications the ability to issue authenticated requests on behalf of the application itself (as opposed to on behalf of a specific user)
The application-only auth flow follows these steps:
An application encodes its consumer key and secret into a specially encoded set of credentials.
An application makes a request to the POST oauth2/token endpoint to exchange these credentials for a bearer token.
When accessing the REST API, the application uses the bearer token to authenticate.
NOTE: Because twitter4j has added this feature recently, you should use the last snapshot library.
An example using it:
private ConfigurationBuilder builder;
private Twitter twitter;
private TwitterFactory factory;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.init_act_layout);
// setup
builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
builder.setUseSSL(true);
builder.setApplicationOnlyAuthEnabled(true);
builder.setOAuthConsumerKey(Constants.CONSUMER_KEY);
builder.setOAuthConsumerSecret(Constants.CONSUMER_SECRET);
Configuration configuration = builder.build();
factory = new TwitterFactory(configuration);
((MyApp) (MyApp.getApp())).setTFactory(factory);
if (isNeededTwitterAuth()) {
twitter = factory.getInstance();
//Get the token async and save it
}
//Search tweets
}
/*
* Checks if twitter access token is already saved in preferences
*
* #return true if auth needed
*/
private boolean isNeededTwitterAuth() {
SharedPreferences settings = getSharedPreferences(Constants.TWITTER_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
String twitterAccesToken = settings.getString("bearerAccessToken", "");
String twitterTokenType = settings.getString("bearerTokenType", "");
return ((twitterAccesToken.length() == 0) && (twitterTokenType.length() == 0));
}
}
To get the bearer token, do it out of Main UI thread to avoid Network exception, f.i. using AsyncTask:
#Override
protected OAuth2Token doInBackground(Void... params) {
OAuth2Token bearerToken = null;
try {
bearerToken = twitter.getOAuth2Token();
} catch (TwitterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bearerToken;
}
When you obtain the bearer token, save it:
SharedPreferences appSettings = getSharedPreferences(Constants.TWITTER_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
SharedPreferences.Editor prefEditor = appSettings.edit();
prefEditor.putString("bearerAccessToken", result.getAccessToken());
prefEditor.putString("bearerTokenType", result.getTokenType());
prefEditor.commit();
And to use the bearer token:
OAuth2Token bearerToken = new OAuth2Token(bearerTokenType, bearerAccesstoken);
twitter.setOAuth2Token(bearerToken);
And search tweets (always out of Main thread):
#Override
protected QueryResult doInBackground(Void... params) {
twitter.setOAuth2Token(bearerToken);
Query query = new Query();
[...]
result = twitter.search(query);
A complete explanation in the blog (in Spanish...)
And a complete example in the twitter4j github
Hope it helps!
i am using twitter4j api for logging on the twiter and post tweets.
i have also registered the app on https://dev.twitter.com/apps/new and got consumer key and secret.
ConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();
builder.setOAuthConsumerKey(TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY);
builder.setOAuthConsumerSecret(TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET);
Configuration configuration = builder.build();
TwitterFactory factory = new TwitterFactory(configuration);
twitter = factory.getInstance();
requestToken = twitter.getOAuthRequestToken(TWITTER_CALLBACK_URL);
String url = requestToken.getAuthenticationURL();
browser = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView1_test);
browser.loadUrl(requestToken.getAuthenticationURL());
browser.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
this is the code i m using to login. but the problem is that this opens a user authentication form in webview that takes username and password . i want to avoid opening that webpage and give login in password programatically. please help regarding this issue.
I don't believe Twitter offers an API for user authentication; only a user authentication webpage. You can check out their API documentation here: https://dev.twitter.com/docs
I had the same problem and I found this tutorial really helpful, please check this:
#Override
public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
final Uri uri = intent.getData();
if (uri != null && uri.getScheme().equals(Constants.OAUTH_CALLBACK_SCHEME)) {
Log.i(TAG, "Callback received : " + uri);
Log.i(TAG, "Retrieving Access Token");
new RetrieveAccessTokenTask(this, consumer, provider, prefs).execute(uri);
finish();
}
}
i developed one app integrated with linkedIn..!
i do SignIn authentication in linkedIn using OAuth Service to post the Network Update..but now how to sign out (de-authenticate) to the LinkedIn automatically?
Thanks in adv..
As per the official blog
Token Invalidation
Now you can invalidate an OAuth token for your application. Just send an OAuth signed GET request to:
https://api.linkedin.com/uas/oauth/invalidateToken
A 200 response indicates that the token was successfully invalidated.
However as per this :
Third party applications do not have any way to log a user out from
LinkedIn - this is controlled by the website. Invalidating the token
makes the user re-authorize the next time they try to use the
application, but once they have logged into LinkedIn their browser
will remain logged in until they log out via the website.
So In conclusion : as of this date of writing, Linked In does not give this support to 3rd Party Applications
Reading your question i have also tried to find solution and also talked to Mr. Nabeel Siddiqui - Author of linkedin-j API
and this was his reply when i asked if it's possible to sign out using linkedin-j api?
Hi Mayur
There is a method LinkedInOAuthService#invalidateAccessToken that is supposed to invalidate your access token. Its not used much by the community so I am not sure if it works as expected or not. Do try it and let me know if there are problems.
Regards
Nabeel Mukhtar
so in my activity i tried it using this way.
final LinkedInOAuthService oAuthService = LinkedInOAuthServiceFactory.getInstance().createLinkedInOAuthService(consumerKey, consumerSecret);
final LinkedInApiClientFactory factory = LinkedInApiClientFactory.newInstance(consumerKey, consumerSecret);
LinkedInRequestToken liToken;
LinkedInApiClient client;
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
liToken = oAuthService.getOAuthRequestToken(CALLBACKURL);
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(liToken.getAuthorizationUrl()));
startActivity(i);
}
#Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
super.onNewIntent(intent);
Uri uri = intent.getData();
if (uri != null && uri.toString().startsWith(CALLBACKURL))
{
String verifier = intent.getData().getQueryParameter("oauth_verifier");
LinkedInAccessToken accessToken = oAuthService.getOAuthAccessToken(liToken, verifier);
client = factory.createLinkedInApiClient(accessToken);
Connections con = client.getConnectionsForCurrentUser();
//AFTER FETCHING THE DATA I HAVE DONE
oAuthService.invalidateAccessToken(accessToken);
//this is for sign out
}
}
Please, Try this way once and tell me if it solves your problem.
cause I have also donwloaded and seen the SourceCode for linkedin-j API and in
LinkedInOAuthServiceImpl.java
they have given the function and that function also works if we write the same code in our file.
that is,
#Override
public void invalidateAccessToken(LinkedInAccessToken accessToken) {
if (accessToken == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("access token cannot be null.");
}
try {
URL url = new URL(LinkedInApiUrls.LINKED_IN_OAUTH_INVALIDATE_TOKEN_URL);
HttpURLConnection request = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
final OAuthConsumer consumer = getOAuthConsumer();
consumer.setTokenWithSecret(accessToken.getToken(), accessToken.getTokenSecret());
consumer.sign(request);
request.connect();
if (request.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
throw new LinkedInOAuthServiceException(convertStreamToString(request.getErrorStream()));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new LinkedInOAuthServiceException(e);
}
}