Develop Reference

How to make a camera-window in Unity3D [duplicate]

I'm new in Unity and want to create a camera-window like on this website:
http://gamasutra.com/blogs/ItayKeren/20150511/243083/Scroll_Back_The_Theory_and_Practice_of_Cameras_in_SideScrollers.php#h.elfjc4ap4hpe There is a example with Curb Camera Motion. I want to make a camera-window which pushes the camera position as the player hits the window edge.
Any ideas, how to realize this?
I used this code:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject player;
public Vector3 min;
public Vector3 max;
private Vector3 offset;
void Start ()
{
offset = transform.position - player.transform.position;
}
void LateUpdate ()
{
Vector3 newPos = player.transform.position + offset;
newPos.x = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.x, max.x);
newPos.y = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.y, max.y);
newPos.z = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.z, max.z);
transform.position = newPos;
}
}
Unfortunately, the camera is moving not correct. Any ideas, how to create a camera-window?

The main issue here is that you need to check your targets position in screen space. Where the object is in screen coordinates. And then move your camera if the target is out of the window in "screen coordinates". The main function to be used here is
Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint
Following is a basic class that should mimic the effect in the article. This can be improved alot but should be enough to get you started in the right direction.
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CurbCam : MonoBehaviour
{
public Transform targetPosition;
public float camWindowDimension;
Vector2 targetScreenPos;
float deltaX;
float deltaZ;
// Use this for initialization
void Start ()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update ()
{
//convert target pos to 2D
targetScreenPos = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint (targetPosition.position);
if (targetScreenPos.x > (Screen.width/2) + camWindowDimension)
{
deltaX = targetScreenPos.x - ((Screen.width/2) + camWindowDimension);
transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x + deltaX, transform.position.y, transform.position.z);
}
if (targetScreenPos.x < (Screen.width/2) - camWindowDimension)
{
deltaX = targetScreenPos.x - ((Screen.width/2) - camWindowDimension);
transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x + deltaX, transform.position.y, transform.position.z);
}
if (targetScreenPos.y > (Screen.height/2) + camWindowDimension)
{
deltaZ = targetScreenPos.y - ((Screen.height/2) + camWindowDimension);
transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z + deltaZ);
}
if (targetScreenPos.y < (Screen.height/2) - camWindowDimension)
{
deltaZ = targetScreenPos.y - ((Screen.height/2) - camWindowDimension);
transform.position = new Vector3(transform.position.x, transform.position.y, transform.position.z + deltaZ);
}
}
}

Clamp The Vector3 before applying it to transform.position
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject player;
public Vector3 min;
public Vector3 max;
private Vector3 offset;
void Start ()
{
offset = transform.position - player.transform.position;
}
void LateUpdate ()
{
Vector3 newPos = player.transform.position + offset;
newPos.x = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.x, max.x);
newPos.y = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.y, max.y);
newPos.z = Mathf.Clamp(x, min.z, max.z);
transform.position = newPos;
}
}

Maybe is not the best approach but you can put 2 colliders at the edges of your Camera and if the player collide with one of them then the Camera will move in the player direction.
In other way you need to calculate the cámera position and the player position both of them referenced at the same point, the center of your scene for example; lets say that your Camera wide is 10 units and for the player are 2 units and both start position is at (0,0).
So, my Camera edges are at (-5,0) & (5,0); and for my player are at (-1,0) & (1,0). Then I need to calculate at every frame the posiiton of my Camera and the player in order to know when the player reach my left or right corner.
Lets say that the Player moves to right until their position is (4,0) it means that his right corner are at (5,0) so, I need to start moving the Camera if the diference betwen distances are higher than certain value (4 in this case because we are walking forward) and the player keeps moving in that direction.
The only thing to take care of is the distance betwen the center of the cámera and the center of the player. If the diference is > to certain number, or lower if you moves backward, then just move the Camera.
Basically is the distance betwen 2 points.

Android - Draw an inverted circle that moves along with the player

I am building an Android game where a ball is controlled and moved using the motion sensor.
There are some posts on how to draw an inverted circle like this one, but it is unusable as Android does not support BufferedImage.
I created the player using the codes below
public class Player extends Task {
private final static float MAX_SPEED = 20;
private final static float SIZE = 16;
private Circle _cir = null;
private Paint _paint = new Paint();
private Vec _vec = new Vec();
private Vec _sensorVec = new Vec();
public Player(){
_cir = new Circle( 15, 15, SIZE ); //15,15 is the initial x,y coordinates
}
public final Circle getPt(){
return _cir;
}
private void setVec(){
float x = -AcSensor.Inst().getX()*2;
float y = AcSensor.Inst().getY()*2;
_sensorVec._x = x < 0 ? -x*x : x*x;
_sensorVec._y = y < 0 ? -y*y : y*y;
_sensorVec.setLengthCap(MAX_SPEED);
_vec.blend( _sensorVec, 0.05f );
}
private void Move(){
_cir._x += _vec._x;
_cir._y += _vec._y;
}
#Override
public boolean onUpdate(){
setVec();
Move();
return true;
}
#Override
public void onDraw( Canvas c ){
c.drawCircle(_cir._x, _cir._y, _cir._r, _paint);
}
}
Question is, how to create an inverted circle around the player so that the player only sees a limited distance while the outer part is filled with black color? For example, something like this:
.

How do I set visibility of each shape in the array for a given amount of time?

So I am using the libgdx framework and am new to android games development. I have an array of yellow circle objects stored in each index which are shown on the game screen when I run them, all the circle objects are in different x positions but on the same y axis. I want to basically set the visibility of each circle for a given amount of time before the next one becomes visible for say 1000 ms per circle. So for example circle 1 will be visible for 1000 ms then it will become invisible and circle 2 will then become visible for 1000ms so on and so forth, till I reach the end of the list.
public class Spot {
private float x;
private float y;
private float radius;
private Circle spot;
private Circle spotList[];
public Spot(float x, float y, float radius, int amount){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.radius = radius;
spot = new Circle(x,y,radius);
spotList = new Circle[amount];
for(int i = 0; i < spotList.length; i++){
spotList[i] = new Circle(this.x+(i*15), this.y, this.radius);
}
}
public void update(float delta){
}
public Float getX(){
return x;
}
public Float getY(){
return y;
}
public float getRadius(){
return radius;
}
public Circle[] getSpots(){
return spotList;
}
public Circle getSpot(){
return spot;
}
}
The rendering of the shape has been outsourced to a different class I want to be able to handle the visibility of the circles etc in the update method.

Since you're not using Actors (https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/wiki/Scene2d), you need to keep track of time yourself and make the circles visible/not visible.
You will want to add
private float elapsedTime = 0.0f;
private float currentCircle = 0;
two fields, one for keeping track of elapsed time and one for the currently visible circle.
public void update(float delta){
elapsedTime += delta;
if (elapsedTime >= 1.0f) { // more than one second passed
spot[currentCircle].setVisible(false);
if (currentCircle + 1 < spotList.size()) {
currentCircle++;
spot[currentCircle].setVisible(true);
elapsedTime -= 1.0f; // reset timer (don't just set to 0.0f to avoid time shifts)
}
}
}
In the update method, count elapsedTime and if more then one seconds passed, make old circle not visible and new circle visible. Also make sure that initially the first circle is visible and that the timer is 0.

A possible solution is to use the Universal Tween Engine which works well with the libGDX framework. Visit the link to see how to include it in your project and for documentation.
As a quick demonstration on how to use it:-
Create and instantiate a TweenManager and your array of Spots in your class responsible for rendering.
protected TweenManager tweenManager = new TweenManager();
Spot spots[] = new Spot[...];
...
Create your timer by implementing the TweenCallback()
final int numberOfSpots = 5;
int spotArrayIndex = 0;
float timeDelay = 1000f; /*1000 milliseconds*/
Tween.call(new TweenCallback() {
#Override
public void onEvent(int type, BaseTween<?> source) {
/*set or unset the visibility of your Spot objects here i.e. */
spots[spotArrayIndex++].setVisible(false); /*Set current spot invisible*/
spots[spotArrayIndex].setVisible(true); /*Set next spot to be visible*/
}
}).repeat(numberOfSpots, timeDelay).start(tweenManager);
Update the tweenManager in your render method
public void render(float delta) {
...
tweenManger.update(delta);
...
}
Please check the code for errors if you use it, as I am not sure of the rest of your code.

libgdx pixel issues between desktop and android projects

UPDATE Looks like this is a problem because of the static notification bar on tablet because of the lack of hardware buttons. I just didn't think about that. Anyway, in the case of the TF101 it returns a resolution of 1280x752 so about 1.702 (80 : 47) ratio. If I use a suitable unit size, like 33.5 or 11.75 vertically I get the proper scaling and this seems to fix the problem of skewed pixels.
END UPDATE
I've been setting up a game using 16x16 units for my tiled maps. I am using the resolution 1280x800 on both my desktop and android projects, I'm testing this to get a sense of how it will look on my TF101 asus tablet. I currently use a camera with units of 20x12.5 (wxh) and notice no pixel scaling on my desktop project, but when I run the game on my android I get weird scaling, and a green horizontal line. I can also move about quarter cell further along the x-axis on the tablet, shown in the screen shots. The pixels on the android project don't seem uniform at all.
I set the verticalTiles amount to 12.5f, then calculate the horizontalTiles amount as
verticalTiles = 12.5f;
...
horizontalTiles = (float) width / (float) height * verticalTiles;
camera = new OrthographicCamera(horizontalTiles, verticalTiles);
I'm aiming for devices with different aspect ratios to simply see more or less of the map, but can't seem to get working correctly. Any help would be appreciated.
Android Capture - http://imageshack.us/f/7/dsvg.png/ - notice the highlights on the roof edges, they are not uniform at all.
Desktop Capture - http://imageshack.us/f/853/5itv.png/
Current MainGame class
package com.bitknight.bqex;
/* Bunch of imports */
public class MainGame implements ApplicationListener {
private OrthographicCamera camera;
private SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
private TiledMap map;
private OrthogonalTiledMapRenderer mapRenderer;
private Texture texture;
private Texture clothArmor;
private Sprite sprite;
private BitmapFont font;
private float horizontalTiles = 0;
private float verticalTiles = 12.5f;
private int hoverTileX = 0;
private int hoverTileY = 0;
private TiledMapTileLayer layer;
private Cell cell;
private TiledMapTile canMoveToTile;
private TiledMapTile cannotMoveToTile;
private AnimatedTiledMapTile animatedStopTile;
private AnimatedTiledMapTile animatedGoTile;
private Texture spriteSheet;
private TextureRegion region;
private Player player;
float h, w;
float ppuX, ppuY;
#Override
public void create() {
// Setup the animated tiles
Array<StaticTiledMapTile> tileArray;
// Start position on the sheet
int startX = 192;
int startY = 1568;
spriteSheet = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/maps/tilesheet.png"));
spriteSheet.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest);
// We are trying to load two strips of 4 frames, 8 total
for( int i = 0; i < 2; ++i ) {
tileArray = new Array<StaticTiledMapTile>(4);
for( int j = 0; j < 4; ++j ) {
region = new TextureRegion(spriteSheet, startX, startY, 16, 16);
tileArray.add(new StaticTiledMapTile(region));
startX += 16;
}
if( i == 0 ) {
animatedStopTile = new AnimatedTiledMapTile(1/10f, tileArray);
} else {
animatedGoTile = new AnimatedTiledMapTile(1/10f, tileArray);
}
}
// Load the map
map = new TmxMapLoader().load("data/maps/base.tmx");
// Setup the two tiles that show movable and not movable sprites
canMoveToTile = map.getTileSets().getTileSet(0).getTile(1959);
canMoveToTile.setBlendMode(BlendMode.ALPHA);
cannotMoveToTile = map.getTileSets().getTileSet(0).getTile(1958);
cannotMoveToTile.setBlendMode(BlendMode.ALPHA);
// Manually create the layer used to show the cursor sprites
layer = new TiledMapTileLayer(100, 100, 16, 16);
layer.setName("display");
cell = new Cell();
cell.setTile(canMoveToTile);
layer.setOpacity(1f);
mapRenderer = new OrthogonalTiledMapRenderer(map, 1/16f);
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch();
font = new BitmapFont(Gdx.files.internal("data/consolas.fnt"), false);
font.setScale(0.6f);
texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/maps/tilesheet.png"));
texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Linear, TextureFilter.Linear);
clothArmor = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("data/img/native/clotharmor.png"));
region = new TextureRegion(clothArmor, 32, 256, 32, 32);
sprite = new Sprite(region);
sprite.setOrigin(0.5f, 0.5f);
sprite.setPosition(0f - 0.5f, 0f);
sprite.setSize(2, 2);
// Setup player and associated animations
Array<TextureRegion> regions = new Array<TextureRegion>();
player = new Player();
}
#Override
public void dispose() {
spriteBatch.dispose();
texture.dispose();
clothArmor.dispose();
spriteSheet.dispose();
}
#Override
public void render() {
player.update(Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime());
camera.update();
Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
if( Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Input.Keys.ESCAPE) ) {
Gdx.app.exit();
}
// Clear the last cell
layer.setCell(hoverTileX, hoverTileY, null);
// Convert screen coordinates to world coordinates
Vector3 worldCoordinates = new Vector3(Gdx.input.getX(0), Gdx.input.getY(0), 0);
camera.unproject(worldCoordinates);
hoverTileX = (int)(worldCoordinates.x);
hoverTileY = (int)(worldCoordinates.y);
TiledMapTileLayer layer = (TiledMapTileLayer)map.getLayers().get("collision");
if( Gdx.input.isTouched(0) ) {
//sprite.setPosition(hoverTileX - 0.5f, hoverTileY);
player.pos.x = hoverTileX - 0.5f;
player.pos.y = hoverTileY - 0.25f;
cell.setTile(animatedGoTile);
} else {
if (layer.getCell(hoverTileX, hoverTileY) != null) {
cell.setTile(cannotMoveToTile);
} else {
cell.setTile(canMoveToTile);
}
}
layer.setCell(hoverTileX, hoverTileY, cell);
mapRenderer.setView(camera);
mapRenderer.render();
mapRenderer.getSpriteBatch().begin();
mapRenderer.renderTileLayer(layer);
mapRenderer.getSpriteBatch().end();
spriteBatch.setProjectionMatrix(camera.combined);
spriteBatch.begin();
player.render(spriteBatch);
spriteBatch.end();
}
#Override
public void resize(int width, int height) {
horizontalTiles = (float) width / (float) height * verticalTiles;
camera = new OrthographicCamera(horizontalTiles, verticalTiles);
w = width;
h = height;
}
#Override
public void pause() {
}
#Override
public void resume() {
}
}

Looks like this is a problem because of the static notification bar on tablet because of the lack of hardware buttons. I just didn't think about that. Anyway, in the case of the TF101 it returns a resolution of 1280x752 so about 1.702 (80 : 47) ratio. If I use a suitable unit size, like 33.5 or 11.75 vertically I get the proper scaling and this seems to fix the problem of skewed pixels.
Also, while this is good for the TF101 tablet in my case it's not really a great solution. Here is a Gemserk series that talks about a nice solution.
http://blog.gemserk.com/2013/01/22/our-solution-to-handle-multiple-screen-sizes-in-android-part-one/

ParallaxBackground AndEngine

I'm new to game development andengine. I want to add ParallaxBackground but I don't know how to change background on player move. I'm using arrow for moving a player. Now my question is where I write the code parallaxBackground.setParallaxValue(5); I was written this line in onAreaTouched method of arrow but it not work. please help me. Thanks.
Code
private Camera mCamera;
private static int CAMERA_WIDTH = 800;
private static int CAMERA_HEIGHT = 480;
private BitmapTextureAtlas bgTexture;
private ITextureRegion bgTextureRegion;
#Override
protected void onCreateResources() {
BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.setAssetBasePath("gfx/");
bgTexture = new BitmapTextureAtlas(getTextureManager(),2160,480,TextureOptions.REPEATING_BILINEAR);
bgTextureRegion = BitmapTextureAtlasTextureRegionFactory.createFromAsset(bgTexture, this, "background.png", 0, 0);
bgTexture.load();
}
#Override
protected Scene onCreateScene() {
this.getEngine().registerUpdateHandler(new FPSLogger());
Scene scene = new Scene();
scene.setBackground(new Background(Color.BLACK));
final ParallaxBackground parallaxBackground = new ParallaxBackground(0, 0, 0);
final VertexBufferObjectManager vertexBufferObjectManager = this.getVertexBufferObjectManager();
parallaxBackground.attachParallaxEntity(new ParallaxEntity(0.0f, new Sprite(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - this.bgTextureRegion.getHeight(), this.bgTextureRegion, vertexBufferObjectManager)));
scene.setBackground(parallaxBackground);
Robot robot = new Robot();
// add Player
final AnimatedSprite animatedRobotSprite = new AnimatedSprite(robot.centerX, robot.centerY, 122, 126, (ITiledTextureRegion) robotTextureRegion, getVertexBufferObjectManager());
scene.attachChild(animatedRobotSprite);
animatedRobotSprite.animate(new long[]{1250,50,50});
// add right arrow button
Sprite rightArrowSprite = new Sprite(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT-70, rightArrowTextureRegion, getVertexBufferObjectManager()){
#Override
public boolean onAreaTouched(TouchEvent pSceneTouchEvent,float pTouchAreaLocalX, float pTouchAreaLocalY) {
switch (pSceneTouchEvent.getAction()) {
case TouchEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
moveRight = true;
parallaxBackground.setParallaxValue(5);
break;
case TouchEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
moveRight = true;
break;
case TouchEvent.ACTION_UP:
moveRight = false;
break;
default:
break;
}
return super.onAreaTouched(pSceneTouchEvent, pTouchAreaLocalX, pTouchAreaLocalY);
}
};
scene.attachChild(rightArrowSprite);
scene.registerTouchArea(rightArrowSprite);
scene.setTouchAreaBindingOnActionDownEnabled(true);
scene.setTouchAreaBindingOnActionMoveEnabled(true);
scene.registerUpdateHandler(new IUpdateHandler() {
#Override
public void reset() {
}
#Override
public void onUpdate(float pSecondsElapsed) {
if ( moveRight ){
animatedRobotSprite.setPosition(animatedRobotSprite.getX()+speedX, animatedRobotSprite.getY());
}
}
});
return scene;
}

I see at least on possible problem: You have only one ParallaxEntity attached. The visual effect of parallax is created by multiple entities moving at different speeds.
But I think what you are seeing is that your background is not scrolling. If you do not use the AutoParallaxBackground class, you have to update the paralax amount on each update.
Inside the autoparallax class, this is what it does onUpdate():
#Override
public void onUpdate(final float pSecondsElapsed) {
super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed);
this.mParallaxValue += this.mParallaxChangePerSecond * pSecondsElapsed;
}
Looking at this you can see that the setParallaxValue() is an absolute number, so to make it continually scroll, you will need to feed it a new number on each update. For example, in you main game update loop, you could feed in your player.getX() into parallaxBackground.setParallaxValue() like so:
parallaxBackground.setParallaxValue(rightArrowSprite.getX());
While this may not be the exact effect you want, you should now see the background moving when your character moves.

There are different modifiers foe updating your entity(AnimatedSprite) you can use them for movement like
final Entity playerEntity = ...;//Get player entity here.
final float jumpDuration = 2;
final float x= playerEntity.getX();
final MoveXModifiermoveModifier = new MoveXModifier(jumpDuration / 2, x+ 100, y);
playerEntity.registerEntityModifier(moveModifier );

It's not necessary to have two background moving at different speeds. With one fixed background and one "moving" background you will notice the effect when the player moves. However, I've tried setting an absolute value in
parallaxBackground.setParallaxValue(10f);
And the effect was not continuous. What it worked for me was a recipe found in Android Cookbook which is based on overriding the onUpdate of the background to change only when the camera has moved.
ParallaxBackground background = new ParallaxBackground(0.3f, 0.3f,0.9f) {
/* We'll use these values to calculate the parallax value of the background*/
float cameraPreviousX = 0;
float parallaxValueOffset = 0;
/* onUpdates to the background, we need to calculate new
* parallax values in order to apply movement to the background
* objects (the hills in this case) */
#Override
public void onUpdate(float pSecondsElapsed) {
/* Obtain the camera's current center X value */
final float cameraCurrentX = mCamera.getCenterX();
/* If the camera's position has changed since last update... */
if (cameraPreviousX != cameraCurrentX) {
/* Calculate the new parallax value offset by subtracting the previous update's camera x coordinate from the current update's camera x coordinate */
parallaxValueOffset += cameraCurrentX - cameraPreviousX;
/* Apply the parallax value offset to the background, which will in-turn offset the positions of entities attached to the background */
this.setParallaxValue(parallaxValueOffset);
/* Update the previous camera X since we're finished with this update */
cameraPreviousX = cameraCurrentX;
}
super.onUpdate(pSecondsElapsed);
}
};
background.attachParallaxEntity(new ParallaxEntity(5, hillFurthest));
Note than depending on the camera configuration, the "5" value included in the "attachParallaxEntity" may need to be negative. Otherwise, the background will move in the opposite direction of the player.