Develop Reference

Applying rotation to GLSurfaceView

I am attempting to use a GLSurfaceView to render output from Camera2. It works OK when the device is in portrait mode, however when rotating to landscape, of course the picture is "sideways".
I've done a bit of looking around as to how to apply rotation to the output, however there seems to be a multitude of different ways, and I was hoping there would be a simple one that would fit into mine.
This is an abridged version of my GLSurfaceView descendant:
public class DWGLCameraView extends GLSurfaceView implements Renderer, OnFrameAvailableListener {
// Other parts snipped
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
mSurfaceTexture.updateTexImage();
float[] mtx = new float[16];
mSurfaceTexture.getTransformMatrix(mtx);
// Can I do something here to apply the rotation?
mDrawer.draw(mtx);
}
}
..and this (if it helps), is the draw routine DWGLDrawer class:
import android.opengl.GLES11Ext;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import android.opengl.Matrix;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
public class DWGLDrawer {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"attribute vec4 inputTextureCoordinate;" +
"uniform mat4 u_xform;\n" +
"varying vec2 textureCoordinate;" +
"void main()" +
"{"+
"gl_Position = vPosition;"+
"textureCoordinate = (u_xform * inputTextureCoordinate).xy;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require\n"+
"precision mediump float;" +
"varying vec2 textureCoordinate;\n" +
"uniform samplerExternalOES s_texture;\n" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = texture2D( s_texture, textureCoordinate );\n" +
"}";
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer, textureVerticesBuffer;
private ShortBuffer drawListBuffer;
private final int mProgram;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mTextureCoordHandle;
private short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; // order to draw vertices
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
private static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 2;
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
private static float squareCoords[] = {
-1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
};
private static float textureVertices[] = {
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
};
private int texture;
private int mTransformLocation;
public DWGLDrawer(int texture) {
this.texture = texture;
// initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(squareCoords.length * 4);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(squareCoords);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
// initialize byte buffer for the draw list
ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(drawOrder.length * 2);
dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer();
drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder);
drawListBuffer.position(0);
ByteBuffer bb2 = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureVertices.length * 4);
bb2.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
textureVerticesBuffer = bb2.asFloatBuffer();
textureVerticesBuffer.put(textureVertices);
textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);
int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL ES Program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram); // creates OpenGL ES program executables
mTransformLocation = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "u_xform");
}
public void draw(float[] mtx) {
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture);
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mTransformLocation, 1, false, mtx, 0);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
int positionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
// Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
// Prepare the <insert shape here> coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(positionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
int textureCoordHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "inputTextureCoordinate");
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureCoordHandle);
// textureVerticesBuffer.clear();
// textureVerticesBuffer.put( transformTextureCoordinates( textureVertices, mtx ));
// textureVerticesBuffer.position(0);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(textureCoordHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, vertexStride, textureVerticesBuffer);
GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(positionHandle);
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(textureCoordHandle);
}
private int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode) {
// create a vertex shader type (GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
// or a fragment shader type (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);
// add the source code to the shader and compile it
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
return shader;
}
private float[] transformTextureCoordinates( float[] coords, float[] matrix) {
float[] result = new float[ coords.length ];
float[] vt = new float[4];
for ( int i = 0 ; i < coords.length ; i += 2 ) {
float[] v = { coords[i], coords[i+1], 0 , 1 };
Matrix.multiplyMV(vt, 0, matrix, 0, v, 0);
result[i] = vt[0];
result[i+1] = vt[1];
}
return result;
}
}
As per my comment in onDrawFrame, I figured that I might be able to apply rotation there. I had tried this:
if (mRotation > 0)
Matrix.rotateM(mtx, 0, mRotation, 0f, 0f, -1f);
(mRotation is the rotation value in degrees)
however that resulted in an unintelligible picture, so I assume that it's completely wrong, or there's something else I need to do
Please remember that I am using Camera2, so setDisplayOrientation (from Camera) is not an option
EDIT
I've now included the entire declaration for DWGLDrawer, and added to the description

In general, your approach should be correct (assuming mRotation is in degrees and is based on something like Display.getRotation() to determine your UI orientation - note that getRotation doesn't return degrees so the value has to be adjusted).
However, you don't have your shader code here, so it's hard to say if you're using mTransformLocation in a way that's compatible with the rotateM call you use. So probably you just need to debug the values you see for the matrix, what the rotate call does, and so on, to figure out where the math goes haywire. Unfortunately common for dealing with transforms in EGL (or anywhere, really).

OpenGL 2.0 ES Android Draw Rectangle

I'm following Google's tutorial (http://developer.android.com/training/graphics/opengl/environment.html) and i think that i everything correctly done. But i have problem, Triangle and Rectangle is invisible and LogCat doesn't show any error.
This is my code for rectangle:
package com.example.gameengine;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
/**
* A two-dimensional square for use as a drawn object in OpenGL ES 2.0.
*/
public class GLObject {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
// This matrix member variable provides a hook to manipulate
// the coordinates of the objects that use this vertex shader
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
// The matrix must be included as a modifier of gl_Position.
// Note that the uMVPMatrix factor *must be first* in order
// for the matrix multiplication product to be correct.
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 vColor;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
"}";
private final FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final ShortBuffer drawListBuffer;
private final int mProgram;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mColorHandle;
private int mMVPMatrixHandle;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
static float squareCoords[] = {
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // top left
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom left
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom right
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f }; // top right
private final short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; // order to draw vertices
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
float color[] = { 0.2f, 0.709803922f, 0.898039216f, 1.0f };
/**
* Sets up the drawing object data for use in an OpenGL ES context.
*/
public GLObject() {
// initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (# of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float)
squareCoords.length * 4);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(squareCoords);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
// initialize byte buffer for the draw list
ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (# of coordinate values * 2 bytes per short)
drawOrder.length * 2);
dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer();
drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder);
drawListBuffer.position(0);
// prepare shaders and OpenGL program
int vertexShader = GLRenderer.loadShader(
GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,
vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = GLRenderer.loadShader(
GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL Program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram); // create OpenGL program executables
}
/**
* Encapsulates the OpenGL ES instructions for drawing this shape.
*
* #param mvpMatrix - The Model View Project matrix in which to draw
* this shape.
*/
public void draw(float[] mvpMatrix) {
// Add program to OpenGL environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
// Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(
mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
// get handle to fragment shader's vColor member
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
// Set color for drawing the triangle
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
// get handle to shape's transformation matrix
mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
GLRenderer.checkGlError("glGetUniformLocation");
// Apply the projection and view transformation
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvpMatrix, 0);
GLRenderer.checkGlError("glUniformMatrix4fv");
// Draw the square
GLES20.glDrawElements(
GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length,
GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
}
And this is how i draw rectangle:
GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Set the camera position (View matrix)
Matrix.setLookAtM(mViewMatrix, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// Calculate the projection and view transformation
Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0);
// Draw square
mSquare.draw(mMVPMatrix);
GLSurface is correctly implmenent(i can change background color)

EDIT: Since vertex buffer objects are not being used for drawing here, no need to use the ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER. That being the case, have you tried just specifying an unit matrix for the mvp that will show the quad without any transformation ? That will rule out the possibility of the quad not getting drawn at all and hence being invisible.
Is this the full drawing code ? It looks like you are not binding the ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, that is needed for indexing the vertices using drawListBuffer.
Using the below, you can enable this for the default object (0).
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, somebufferID);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, someotherBufferID);

Simple translation with opengl es 2.0 on Android

I've look everywhere to understand how to translate shapes with openGl es 2.0 but I can't find the right way. Rotation and scaling work fine.
I tried it with the android openGl es 2.0 tutorial but the shape is more distorded than translated.
Here's the code (almost the same than the android code sample http://developer.android.com/shareables/training/OpenGLES.zip, except of the line to translate:
public class MyGLRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
private static final String TAG = "MyGLRenderer";
private Triangle mTriangle;
private Square mSquare;
private final float[] mMVPMatrix = new float[16];
private final float[] mProjMatrix = new float[16];
private final float[] mVMatrix = new float[16];
private final float[] mRotationMatrix = new float[16];
// Declare as volatile because we are updating it from another thread
public volatile float mAngle;
#Override
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) {
// Set the background frame color
GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
mTriangle = new Triangle();
mSquare = new Square();
}
#Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) {
// Draw background color
GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// Set the camera position (View matrix)
Matrix.setLookAtM(mVMatrix, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// Calculate the projection and view transformation
Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0);
// Draw square
mSquare.draw(mMVPMatrix);
// Create a rotation for the triangle
// long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() % 4000L;
// float angle = 0.090f * ((int) time);
Matrix.setRotateM(mRotationMatrix, 0, mAngle, 0, 0, -1.0f);
// Combine the rotation matrix with the projection and camera view
Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mRotationMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);
// Draw triangle
mTriangle.draw(mMVPMatrix);
}
#Override
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) {
// Adjust the viewport based on geometry changes,
// such as screen rotation
GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
float ratio = (float) width / height;
// this projection matrix is applied to object coordinates
// in the onDrawFrame() method
Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, -ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 3, 7);
}
public static int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode){
// create a vertex shader type (GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
// or a fragment shader type (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);
// add the source code to the shader and compile it
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
return shader;
}
/**
* Utility method for debugging OpenGL calls. Provide the name of the call
* just after making it:
*
* <pre>
* mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
* MyGLRenderer.checkGlError("glGetUniformLocation");</pre>
*
* If the operation is not successful, the check throws an error.
*
* #param glOperation - Name of the OpenGL call to check.
*/
public static void checkGlError(String glOperation) {
int error;
while ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) {
Log.e(TAG, glOperation + ": glError " + error);
throw new RuntimeException(glOperation + ": glError " + error);
}
}
}
And here's the square class with the translation transformation:
class Square {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
// This matrix member variable provides a hook to manipulate
// the coordinates of the objects that use this vertex shader
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
// the matrix must be included as a modifier of gl_Position
" gl_Position = vPosition * uMVPMatrix;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 vColor;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
"}";
private final FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final ShortBuffer drawListBuffer;
private final int mProgram;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mColorHandle;
private int mMVPMatrixHandle;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
static float squareCoords[] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, // top left
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom left
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // bottom right
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f }; // top right
private final short drawOrder[] = { 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3 }; // order to draw vertices
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
// Set color with red, green, blue and alpha (opacity) values
float color[] = { 0.2f, 0.709803922f, 0.898039216f, 1.0f };
public Square() {
// initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (# of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float)
squareCoords.length * 4);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(squareCoords);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
// initialize byte buffer for the draw list
ByteBuffer dlb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (# of coordinate values * 2 bytes per short)
drawOrder.length * 2);
dlb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
drawListBuffer = dlb.asShortBuffer();
drawListBuffer.put(drawOrder);
drawListBuffer.position(0);
// prepare shaders and OpenGL program
int vertexShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,
vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL Program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram); // create OpenGL program executables
}
public void draw(float[] mvpMatrix) {
// Add program to OpenGL environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
// Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
// get handle to fragment shader's vColor member
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
// Set color for drawing the triangle
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
// get handle to shape's transformation matrix
mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
MyGLRenderer.checkGlError("glGetUniformLocation");
//TRANSLATION
float[] transMatrix = new float[16];
Matrix.setIdentityM(transMatrix,0);
Matrix.translateM(transMatrix,0,5.0f,0,0);
Matrix.multiplyMM(transMatrix,0,mvpMatrix,0,transMatrix,0);
// Apply the projection and view transformation
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, transMatrix, 0);
MyGLRenderer.checkGlError("glUniformMatrix4fv");
// Draw the square
GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, drawOrder.length,
GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, drawListBuffer);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
}
I think it's related with the vertex shader code but I can't figure it out?

I am doing the translation of the matrix within the onDrawFrame method of the Renderer, so my code looks like this:
// Set the camera position (View matrix)
Matrix.setLookAtM(mViewMatrixS, 0, 0, 0, -3, 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
//translate the Matrix
Matrix.translateM(mViewMatrixS, 0, 2f, 1f, 0);
// Calculate the projection and view transformation
Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrixS, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mViewMatrixS, 0);
// Draw square
mSquare.draw(mMVPMatrix);
And this does the job of translating my shape correctly. I don't know if this was the problem.

I find the answer on this post: Is Google's Android OpenGL tutorial teaching incorrect linear algebra?
Just invert uMVPMatrix and vPosition in the vertexShaderCode string to:
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;"

The following link contains the answer. Took over a day to locate it. Posting here to help others as I seen this post many times. OpenGL ES Android Matrix Transformations
Android exmaple project was wrong and has just been updated finally. FYI.

You might be seeing the distortion because of the perspective camera. Try reducing the distance you translate the objects by.

What is the easiest way to draw line using OpenGL-ES (android)

If I have custom renderer in opengl-es prepared:
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl)
{
gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL10.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// here i want to draw line from [0, 0, 0] to [1, 0, 0]
}
What is the easiest and shortest way to draw line?
In ordinary OpenGL it is:
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3f(0, 0, 0);
glVertex3f(1, 0, 0);
glEnd();
But how can i get the same effect with OpenGL ES?

I am new to new to OpenGL ES 2.0 but I created a line class.
public class Line {
private FloatBuffer VertexBuffer;
private final String VertexShaderCode =
// This matrix member variable provides a hook to manipulate
// the coordinates of the objects that use this vertex shader
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
// the matrix must be included as a modifier of gl_Position
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;" +
"}";
private final String FragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 vColor;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
"}";
protected int GlProgram;
protected int PositionHandle;
protected int ColorHandle;
protected int MVPMatrixHandle;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
static float LineCoords[] = {
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f
};
private final int VertexCount = LineCoords.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX;
private final int VertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
// Set color with red, green, blue and alpha (opacity) values
float color[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
public Line() {
// initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (number of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float)
LineCoords.length * 4);
// use the device hardware's native byte order
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
// create a floating point buffer from the ByteBuffer
VertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
// add the coordinates to the FloatBuffer
VertexBuffer.put(LineCoords);
// set the buffer to read the first coordinate
VertexBuffer.position(0);
int vertexShader = ArRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, VertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = ArRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, FragmentShaderCode);
GlProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL ES Program
GLES20.glAttachShader(GlProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program
GLES20.glAttachShader(GlProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
GLES20.glLinkProgram(GlProgram); // creates OpenGL ES program executables
}
public void SetVerts(float v0, float v1, float v2, float v3, float v4, float v5) {
LineCoords[0] = v0;
LineCoords[1] = v1;
LineCoords[2] = v2;
LineCoords[3] = v3;
LineCoords[4] = v4;
LineCoords[5] = v5;
VertexBuffer.put(LineCoords);
// set the buffer to read the first coordinate
VertexBuffer.position(0);
}
public void SetColor(float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) {
color[0] = red;
color[1] = green;
color[2] = blue;
color[3] = alpha;
}
public void draw(float[] mvpMatrix) {
// Add program to OpenGL ES environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(GlProgram);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
PositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(GlProgram, "vPosition");
// Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(PositionHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(PositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
VertexStride, VertexBuffer);
// get handle to fragment shader's vColor member
ColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(GlProgram, "vColor");
// Set color for drawing the triangle
GLES20.glUniform4fv(ColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
// get handle to shape's transformation matrix
MVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(GlProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
ArRenderer.checkGlError("glGetUniformLocation");
// Apply the projection and view transformation
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(MVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvpMatrix, 0);
ArRenderer.checkGlError("glUniformMatrix4fv");
// Draw the triangle
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_LINES, 0, VertexCount);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(PositionHandle);
}
}
And then in my Render class I create my line objects and to a container so the get draw in the by iterating over the items and calling the Line.draw method in onDrawFrame.
Here are some lines I create to make a horizon:
Line eastHorz = new Line();
eastHorz.SetVerts(10f, 10f, 0f, 10f, -10f, 0f);
eastHorz.SetColor(.8f, .8f, 0f, 1.0f);
Line northHorz = new Line();
northHorz.SetVerts(-10f, 10f, 0f, 10f, 10f, 0f);
northHorz.SetColor(0.8f, 0.8f, 0f, 1.0f);
Line westHorz = new Line();
westHorz.SetVerts(-10f, -10f, 0f, -10f, 10f, 0f);
westHorz.SetColor(0.8f, 0.8f, 0f, 1.0f);
Line southHorz = new Line();
southHorz.SetVerts(-10f, -10f, 0f, 10f, -10f, 0f);
southHorz.SetColor(0.8f, 0.8f, 0f, 1.0f);
Lines.add(eastHorz);
Lines.add(northHorz);
Lines.add(westHorz);
Lines.add(southHorz);
ArRenderer is my render class which holds the Lines, camera position etc and implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer. The loadShader method is:
public static int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode) {
// create a vertex shader type (GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER)
// or a fragment shader type (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER)
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);
// add the source code to the shader and compile it
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
return shader;
}

Thanks Rodney Lambert for the Line class you´ve provided. However it also would be nice to provide a simpler call in onDrawFrame, something like:
Line vertLine = new Line();
vertLine.SetVerts(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0f);
vertLine.SetColor(.8f, .8f, 0f, 1.0f);
vertLine.draw(mMVPMatrix);
vertLine.SetVerts(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0f);
creates definitely a line visible inside the viewport

GLES20.glGetAttribLocation() returns -1

I am having trouble getting my Android OpenGL ES 2.0 application working. I have a "Triangle" class very similar to several tutorials out there. In the "draw" function, mPositionHande is -1 after the following line of code:
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
Below is the entire triangle class which has shader code etc. Any ideas what might cause this? Sorry, I am new to OpenGL programming, so maybe this is a dumb question.
public class Triangle {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
// This matrix member variable provides a hook to manipulate
// the coordinates of the objects that use this vertex shader
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
// the matrix must be included as a modifier of gl_Position
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 vColor;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
"}";
private final FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final int mProgram;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mColorHandle;
private int mMVPMatrixHandle;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
public float triangleCoords[];
private final int vertexCount = 3; //triangleCoords.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX;
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
// Set color with red, green, blue and alpha (opacity) values
float color[] = { 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
float edgeColor[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
public Triangle(float[] vertices) {
this.triangleCoords = vertices;
// initialize vertex byte buffer for shape coordinates
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(
// (number of coordinate values * 4 bytes per float)
triangleCoords.length * 4);
// use the device hardware's native byte order
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
// create a floating point buffer from the ByteBuffer
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
// add the coordinates to the FloatBuffer
vertexBuffer.put(triangleCoords);
// set the buffer to read the first coordinate
vertexBuffer.position(0);
// prepare shaders and OpenGL program
int vertexShader = MyRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,
vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = MyRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,
fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram(); // create empty OpenGL Program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader); // add the vertex shader to program
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader); // add the fragment shader to program
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram); // create OpenGL program executables
}
public void draw(float[] mvpMatrix) {
// Add program to OpenGL environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
// Enable a handle to the facet vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
// get handle to fragment shader's vColor member
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
// Set color for drawing the facet
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
// get handle to shape's transformation matrix
mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
MyRenderer.checkGlError("glGetUniformLocation");
// Apply the projection and view transformation
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvpMatrix, 0);
MyRenderer.checkGlError("glUniformMatrix4fv");
// Draw the facet
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount);
//If edge mode
//GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, edgeColor, 0);
//GLES20.glLineWidth(2.0f);
//GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, vertexCount);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
}