Develop Reference

How does RequestFactory know what Android user is logged in

I have an Android app that successfully uses RequestFactory to manipulate Entities in AppEngine Datastore.
In my AppEngine service, I want to use
UserService userService = UserServiceFactory.getUserService();
User user = userService.getCurrentUser();
to get information about the current Android user, but getCurrentUser() returns null.
How does my Android app let RequestFactory know who is logged in?
This question applies to dev mode and production mode.
Thanks.

There is a not-so-obvious answer found in the old AppEngine Connected Android Eclipse wizard code, which is no longer available in the GPE (see Util.java of this wizard generated code). It includes the following:
T requestFactory = RequestFactorySource.create(factoryClass);
requestFactory.initialize(new SimpleEventBus(),
new AndroidRequestTransport(uri, authCookie));
with
public AndroidRequestTransport(URI uri, String cookie) {
this.uri = uri;
this.cookie = cookie;
}
public void send(String payload, TransportReceiver receiver) {
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost();
post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
post.setHeader("Cookie", cookie);
post.setURI(uri);
Throwable ex;
try {
post.setEntity(new StringEntity(payload, "UTF-8"));
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
if (200 == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
String contents = readStreamAsString(response.getEntity().getContent());
receiver.onTransportSuccess(contents);
} else {
receiver.onTransportFailure(new ServerFailure(response.getStatusLine()
.getReasonPhrase()));
}
return;
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
ex = e;
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
ex = e;
} catch (IOException e) {
ex = e;
}
receiver.onTransportFailure(new ServerFailure(ex.getMessage()));
}
Using that code from the GPE wizard did the trick for me.

How to put image attachment to CouchDB in Android?

I am use HttpClient and mime to put the image file from Android client to CouchDB.
But there are some error message like this
D/FormReviewer(4733): {"error":"bad_request","reason":"invalid UTF-8 JSON: <<45,45,103,75,66,70,69,104,121,102,121,106,72,66,101,80,\n
here is my code
final String ProfileBasicID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
Data.postImage(IconFile, "http://spark.iriscouch.com/driver/"+ProfileBasicID,new Callback<String>())
public static void postImage(File image,String url, Callback<String> success ) throws IOException {
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPut method = new HttpPut(url);
try {
MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
entity.addPart("type", new StringBody("photo"));
entity.addPart("form_file", new FileBody(image, "image/jpeg"));
method.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse resp = httpclient.execute(method);
Log.d("httpPost", "Login form get: " + resp.getStatusLine());
StatusLine statusLine = resp.getStatusLine();
Log.d(tag, statusLine.toString());
if (entity != null) {
entity.consumeContent();
}
switch(resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()){
case HttpStatus.SC_CREATED:
success.call(EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity()));
break;
default:
throw new ClientProtocolException(statusLine.toString() +"\n"+ EntityUtils.toString(resp.getEntity()));
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
Log.d("FormReviewer", "Upload failed: " + ex.getMessage() +
" Stacktrace: " + ex.getStackTrace());
} finally {
// mDebugHandler.post(mFinishUpload);
httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
Please give me a hand,Thanks

RIGHT, forget what I posted here previously.
This is NOT as straightforward as we thought.
Some links I suggest you read:
CouchDB Document API
(Draft) Core API
Ok.
First decision is if you want "Standalone" or "inline attachments". Currently I don't know what the Pro's and Con's are, BUT based on your code, and what I did, we will go for "Standalone".
Firstly, you need the rev (revision) number of the document you want to attach your image to. As per the above link, do this by doing a Head request on that doc:
private String getParentRevision(String uuid, HttpClient httpClient) {
String rev = "";
try {
HttpHead head = new HttpHead("http://192.168.56.101/testforms/" + uuid + "/");
HttpResponse resp = httpClient.execute(head);
Header[] headers = resp.getAllHeaders();
getLog().debug("Dumping headers from head request");;
for (Header header : headers) {
getLog().debug(header.getName() + "=" + header.getValue());
if ("Etag".equals(header.getName())) {
StringBuilder arg = new StringBuilder(header.getValue());
if (arg.charAt(0) == '"') {
arg.delete(0, 1);
}
if (arg.charAt(arg.length()-1) == '"'){
arg.delete(arg.length()-1, arg.length());
}
rev = arg.toString();
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
getLog().error("Failed to obtain DOC REV!", ex);
}
return rev;
}
I appologise for the hardcoding etc, I'm learning and experimenting here ;)
The "uuid" parameter is the UUID of the target document.
Note the removal of the wrapping '"' characters when we got the Etag (yes, the Etag header is the revision number).
THEN, when we got that, we can actually send the image:
String serveURL = "http://192.168.56.101/testforms/" + data.getString(PARENT_UUID) + "/" + imgUuid;
if (docRev != null && !docRev.trim().isEmpty()) {
//This is dumb...
serveURL += "?rev=" + docRev + "&_rev=" + docRev;
}
HttpPut post = new HttpPut(serveURL);
ByteArrayEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(imageData);
entity.setContentType(data.getString(MIME_TYPE));;
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse formServResp = httpClient.execute(post);
With this, I was able to attache images to my docs ;)
As mentioned, please be aware that I'm also new to CouchDB, so there might be simpler ways to do this!
Something I just discovered now (but should have spotted earlier) is that there is the potential of a race condition here, if, for example, multiple clients are trying to attach images to the same document simultaneously. The reason is that the rev value changes with each change to the document.
In such a case, you will get a reply from the server like
{"error":"conflict","reason":"Document update conflict."}
Easiest solution is to just retry in such a case, until it works, or until a self imposed error limit is hit...
Cheers!

Need help creating Digest authentication for Android

I have this code so far:
private class DownloadWebPageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String>
{
#Override
protected String doInBackground(String... theParams)
{
String myUrl = theParams[0];
String myEmail = theParams[1];
String myPassword = theParams[2];
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(myUrl);
post.addHeader("Authorization","Basic "+ Base64.encodeToString((myEmail+":"+myPassword).getBytes(), 0 ));
ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler();
String response = null;
try
{
response = client.execute(post, responseHandler);
InputStream content = execute.getEntity().getContent();
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(content));
String s = "";
while ((s = buffer.readLine()) != null)
{
response += s;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return response;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result)
{
}
}
This code does not compile because I am running into confusion at the point of:
response = client.execute(post, responseHandler);
InputStream content = execute.getEntity().getContent();
I got that code from tinkering with various examples, and not sure what Object the client is supposed to be, and whether the first line will just get me the server response, or I have to go the route of getting the InputStream and reading the server response in?
Please help me understand how to do this correctly.
Thank you!

I have managed to use Digest authentication using OkHttp. In this code sample I also use Dagger and Robospice-retrofit. What I did was creating an OkHttp Authenticator and assign it to my custom OkHttp client.
The authenticator class implements an authenticate method that will be called whenever the server encounters a 401 error and expects an Authorization header back (if it expects Proxy-Authorization you should implement the authenticateProxy method.
What it basically does is wrapping calls to the HttpClient DigestScheme and make it usable for OkHttp. Currently it does not increase the nc counter. This could cause problems with your server as it could be interpreted as a replay attack.
public class DigestAuthenticator implements com.squareup.okhttp.Authenticator {
#Inject DigestScheme mDigestScheme;
#Inject org.apache.http.auth.Credentials mCredentials;
#Override
public Request authenticate(Proxy proxy, Response response) throws IOException {
String authHeader = buildAuthorizationHeader(response);
if (authHeader == null) {
return null;
}
return response.request().newBuilder().addHeader("Authorization", authHeader).build();
}
#Override
public Request authenticateProxy(Proxy proxy, Response response) throws IOException {
return null;
}
private String buildAuthorizationHeader(Response response) throws IOException {
processChallenge("WWW-Authenticate", response.header("WWW-Authenticate"));
return generateDigestHeader(response);
}
private void processChallenge(String headerName, String headerValue) {
try {
mDigestScheme.processChallenge(new BasicHeader(headerName, headerValue));
} catch (MalformedChallengeException e) {
Timber.e(e, "Error processing header " + headerName + " for DIGEST authentication.");
}
}
private String generateDigestHeader(Response response) throws IOException {
org.apache.http.HttpRequest request = new BasicHttpRequest(
response.request().method(),
response.request().uri().toString()
);
try {
return mDigestScheme.authenticate(mCredentials, request).getValue();
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
Timber.e(e, "Error generating DIGEST auth header.");
return null;
}
}
}
The authenticator will then be used in an OkHttpClient built with a provider:
public class CustomClientProvider implements Client.Provider {
#Inject DigestAuthenticator mDigestAuthenticator;
#Override
public Client get() {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
client.setAuthenticator(mDigestAuthenticator);
return new OkClient(client);
}
}
Finally the client is set to the RetrofitRobospice server in the function createRestAdapterBuilder:
public class ApiRetrofitSpiceService extends RetrofitJackson2SpiceService {
#Inject Client.Provider mClientProvider;
#Override
public void onCreate() {
App.get(this).inject(this);
super.onCreate();
addRetrofitInterface(NotificationRestInterface.class);
}
#Override
protected String getServerUrl() {
return Constants.Url.BASE;
}
#Override
protected RestAdapter.Builder createRestAdapterBuilder() {
return super.createRestAdapterBuilder()
.setClient(mClientProvider.get());
}
}

You might want to switch to HttpURLConnection. According to this article its API is simpler than HttpClient's and it's better supported on Android. If you do choose to go with HttpURLConnection, authenticating is pretty simple:
Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
#Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("username", "password".toCharArray());
}
});
After that, continue using HttpURLConnection as usual. A simple example:
final URL url = new URL("http://example.com/");
final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
final InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
final byte[] buffer = new byte[8196];
int readCount;
final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while ((readCount = is.read(buffer)) > -1) {
builder.append(new String(buffer, 0, readCount));
}
final String response = builder.toString();

The version of Apache's HttpClient shipped with Android is based on an old, pre-BETA version of HttpClient. Google has long recommended against using it and removed it in Android 6.0. Google's replacement HttpURLConnection does not support HTTP digest authentication, only basic.
This leaves you with a few options, including:
Migrate to HttpURLConnection (as Google recommends) and use a library, bare-bones-digest, for digest authentication. Example below.
Use the OkHttp library instead of HttpURLConnection or HttpClient. OkHttp does not support digest out of the box, but there's a library okhttp-digest that implements a digest authenticator. Example below.
Continue using the (deprecated) HttpClient by explicitly adding the 'org.apache.http.legacy' library to your build, as mentioned in the changelist for Android 6.0.
There is an Apache project for porting newer versions of HttpClient to Android, but the project has been discontinued. Read more on Apache's page on HttpClient for Android.
Implement HTTP digest yourself.
Here is a verbose example of how to authenticate a request using bare-bones-digest and HttpURLConnection (copied from the project's github page):
// Step 1. Create the connection
URL url = new URL("http://httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/passwd");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// Step 2. Make the request and check to see if the response contains
// an authorization challenge
if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED) {
// Step 3. Create a authentication object from the challenge...
DigestAuthentication auth = DigestAuthentication.fromResponse(connection);
// ...with correct credentials
auth.username("user").password("passwd");
// Step 4 (Optional). Check if the challenge was a digest
// challenge of a supported type
if (!auth.canRespond()) {
// No digest challenge or a challenge of an unsupported
// type - do something else or fail
return;
}
// Step 5. Create a new connection, identical to the original
// one..
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// ...and set the Authorization header on the request, with the
// challenge response
connection.setRequestProperty(
DigestChallengeResponse.HTTP_HEADER_AUTHORIZATION,
auth.getAuthorizationForRequest("GET", connection.getURL().getPath()));
}
Here is an example using OkHttp and okhttp-digest (copied from the okhttp-digest page):
client = new OkHttpClient();
final DigestAuthenticator authenticator = new DigestAuthenticator(new Credentials("username", "pass"));
final Map<String, CachingAuthenticator> authCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
client.interceptors().add(new AuthenticationCacheInterceptor(authCache));
client.setAuthenticator(new CachingAuthenticatorDecorator(authenticator, authCache));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url);
.get()
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

Android: How to Upload Images [duplicate]

I want to send an image from the android client to the Django server using Http Post. The image is chosen from the gallery. At present, I am using list value name Pairs to send the necessary data to the server and receiving responses from Django in JSON. Can the same approach be used for images (with urls for images embedded in JSON responses)?
Also, which is a better method: accessing images remotely without downloading them from the server or downloading and storing them in a Bitmap array and using them locally? The images are few in number (<10) and small in size (50*50 dip).
Any tutorial to tackle these problems would be much appreciated.
Edit: The images chosen from the gallery are sent to the server after scaling it to required size.

I'm going to assume that you know the path and filename of the image that you want to upload. Add this string to your NameValuePair using image as the key-name.
Sending images can be done using the HttpComponents libraries. Download the latest HttpClient (currently 4.0.1) binary with dependencies package and copy apache-mime4j-0.6.jar and httpmime-4.0.1.jar to your project and add them to your Java build path.
You will need to add the following imports to your class.
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
Now you can create a MultipartEntity to attach an image to your POST request. The following code shows an example of how to do this:
public void post(String url, List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs) {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
for(int index=0; index < nameValuePairs.size(); index++) {
if(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName().equalsIgnoreCase("image")) {
// If the key equals to "image", we use FileBody to transfer the data
entity.addPart(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName(), new FileBody(new File (nameValuePairs.get(index).getValue())));
} else {
// Normal string data
entity.addPart(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName(), new StringBody(nameValuePairs.get(index).getValue()));
}
}
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, localContext);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

Version 4.3.5 Updated Code
httpclient-4.3.5.jar
httpcore-4.3.2.jar
httpmime-4.3.5.jar
Since MultipartEntity has been deprecated. Please see the code below.
String responseBody = "failure";
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
client.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
String url = WWPApi.URL_USERS;
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("user_id", String.valueOf(userId));
map.put("action", "update");
url = addQueryParams(map, url);
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
post.addHeader("Accept", "application/json");
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setCharset(MIME.UTF8_CHARSET);
if (career != null)
builder.addTextBody("career", career, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (gender != null)
builder.addTextBody("gender", gender, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (username != null)
builder.addTextBody("username", username, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (email != null)
builder.addTextBody("email", email, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (password != null)
builder.addTextBody("password", password, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (country != null)
builder.addTextBody("country", country, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (file != null)
builder.addBinaryBody("Filedata", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, file.getName());
post.setEntity(builder.build());
try {
responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(client.execute(post).getEntity(), "UTF-8");
// System.out.println("Response from Server ==> " + responseBody);
JSONObject object = new JSONObject(responseBody);
Boolean success = object.optBoolean("success");
String message = object.optString("error");
if (!success) {
responseBody = message;
} else {
responseBody = "success";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}

The loopj library can be used straight-forward for this purpose:
SyncHttpClient client = new SyncHttpClient();
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
params.put("text", "some string");
params.put("image", new File(imagePath));
client.post("http://example.com", params, new TextHttpResponseHandler() {
#Override
public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, String responseString, Throwable throwable) {
// error handling
}
#Override
public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, String responseString) {
// success
}
});
http://loopj.com/

I struggled a lot trying to implement posting a image from Android client to servlet using httpclient-4.3.5.jar, httpcore-4.3.2.jar, httpmime-4.3.5.jar. I always got a runtime error. I found out that basically you cannot use these jars with Android as Google is using older version of HttpClient in Android. The explanation is here http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.3.x/android-port.html. You need to get the httpclientandroidlib-1.2.1 jar from android http-client library. Then change your imports from or.apache.http.client to ch.boye.httpclientandroidlib. Hope this helps.

I usually do this in the thread handling the json response:
try {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream((InputStream)new URL(imageUrl).getContent());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
If you need to do transformations on the image, you'll want to create a Drawable instead of a Bitmap.

Sending images using Http Post

I want to send an image from the android client to the Django server using Http Post. The image is chosen from the gallery. At present, I am using list value name Pairs to send the necessary data to the server and receiving responses from Django in JSON. Can the same approach be used for images (with urls for images embedded in JSON responses)?
Also, which is a better method: accessing images remotely without downloading them from the server or downloading and storing them in a Bitmap array and using them locally? The images are few in number (<10) and small in size (50*50 dip).
Any tutorial to tackle these problems would be much appreciated.
Edit: The images chosen from the gallery are sent to the server after scaling it to required size.

I'm going to assume that you know the path and filename of the image that you want to upload. Add this string to your NameValuePair using image as the key-name.
Sending images can be done using the HttpComponents libraries. Download the latest HttpClient (currently 4.0.1) binary with dependencies package and copy apache-mime4j-0.6.jar and httpmime-4.0.1.jar to your project and add them to your Java build path.
You will need to add the following imports to your class.
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
Now you can create a MultipartEntity to attach an image to your POST request. The following code shows an example of how to do this:
public void post(String url, List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs) {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
for(int index=0; index < nameValuePairs.size(); index++) {
if(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName().equalsIgnoreCase("image")) {
// If the key equals to "image", we use FileBody to transfer the data
entity.addPart(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName(), new FileBody(new File (nameValuePairs.get(index).getValue())));
} else {
// Normal string data
entity.addPart(nameValuePairs.get(index).getName(), new StringBody(nameValuePairs.get(index).getValue()));
}
}
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, localContext);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

Version 4.3.5 Updated Code
httpclient-4.3.5.jar
httpcore-4.3.2.jar
httpmime-4.3.5.jar
Since MultipartEntity has been deprecated. Please see the code below.
String responseBody = "failure";
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
client.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
String url = WWPApi.URL_USERS;
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("user_id", String.valueOf(userId));
map.put("action", "update");
url = addQueryParams(map, url);
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
post.addHeader("Accept", "application/json");
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setCharset(MIME.UTF8_CHARSET);
if (career != null)
builder.addTextBody("career", career, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (gender != null)
builder.addTextBody("gender", gender, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (username != null)
builder.addTextBody("username", username, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (email != null)
builder.addTextBody("email", email, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (password != null)
builder.addTextBody("password", password, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (country != null)
builder.addTextBody("country", country, ContentType.create("text/plain", MIME.UTF8_CHARSET));
if (file != null)
builder.addBinaryBody("Filedata", file, ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA, file.getName());
post.setEntity(builder.build());
try {
responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(client.execute(post).getEntity(), "UTF-8");
// System.out.println("Response from Server ==> " + responseBody);
JSONObject object = new JSONObject(responseBody);
Boolean success = object.optBoolean("success");
String message = object.optString("error");
if (!success) {
responseBody = message;
} else {
responseBody = "success";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}

The loopj library can be used straight-forward for this purpose:
SyncHttpClient client = new SyncHttpClient();
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
params.put("text", "some string");
params.put("image", new File(imagePath));
client.post("http://example.com", params, new TextHttpResponseHandler() {
#Override
public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, String responseString, Throwable throwable) {
// error handling
}
#Override
public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, String responseString) {
// success
}
});
http://loopj.com/

I struggled a lot trying to implement posting a image from Android client to servlet using httpclient-4.3.5.jar, httpcore-4.3.2.jar, httpmime-4.3.5.jar. I always got a runtime error. I found out that basically you cannot use these jars with Android as Google is using older version of HttpClient in Android. The explanation is here http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.3.x/android-port.html. You need to get the httpclientandroidlib-1.2.1 jar from android http-client library. Then change your imports from or.apache.http.client to ch.boye.httpclientandroidlib. Hope this helps.

I usually do this in the thread handling the json response:
try {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream((InputStream)new URL(imageUrl).getContent());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
If you need to do transformations on the image, you'll want to create a Drawable instead of a Bitmap.