Develop Reference

How to make a CombinedChart have two different scales on MPAndroidChart?

I have a CombinedChart and I would like that LineChart will take left axis as reference and BarChart will take right axis as reference but I could not get it out.
I am trying the following code:
barDataSet.setAxisDependency(YAxis.AxisDependency.RIGHT);
lineDataSet.setAxisDependency(YAxis.AxisDependency.LEFT);
but now both charts (LineChart and BarChart) are on the left (mixing them and right axis have disappeared).
Left and right axis have different granularity.
How can I properly make that each chart takes as reference one different Y axis (left or right respectively)?
Thanks in advance!

This is certainly possible in MPAndroidChart version 3.0.2.
As you can observe from the screenshot below, the LineDataSet has AxisDependency.LEFT (scaled from 0 - 21) while the BarDataSet has AxisDependency.RIGHT (scaled from 0 - 50) and, as required, they have different granularity:
Here is a proof of concept for generating the above chart that is a simple adaptation of the example project on GitHub:
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.charts.CombinedChart;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.charts.CombinedChart.DrawOrder;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.components.AxisBase;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.components.Legend;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.components.XAxis;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.components.XAxis.XAxisPosition;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.components.YAxis;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.BarData;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.BarDataSet;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.BarEntry;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.CombinedData;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.Entry;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.LineData;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.data.LineDataSet;
import com.github.mikephil.charting.formatter.IAxisValueFormatter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class CombinedChartActivity extends FragmentActivity {
private String[] mMonths = new String[] {
"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Okt", "Nov", "Dec"
};
private CombinedChart mChart;
private final int itemcount = 12;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_combined);
mChart = (CombinedChart) findViewById(R.id.chart1);
mChart.getDescription().setEnabled(false);
mChart.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);
mChart.setDrawGridBackground(false);
mChart.setDrawBarShadow(false);
mChart.setHighlightFullBarEnabled(false);
mChart.setDrawOrder(new DrawOrder[]{
DrawOrder.BAR, DrawOrder.BUBBLE, DrawOrder.CANDLE, DrawOrder.LINE, DrawOrder.SCATTER
});
Legend l = mChart.getLegend();
l.setWordWrapEnabled(true);
l.setVerticalAlignment(Legend.LegendVerticalAlignment.BOTTOM);
l.setHorizontalAlignment(Legend.LegendHorizontalAlignment.CENTER);
l.setOrientation(Legend.LegendOrientation.HORIZONTAL);
l.setDrawInside(false);
YAxis rightAxis = mChart.getAxisRight();
rightAxis.setDrawGridLines(false);
rightAxis.setGranularity(10f);
rightAxis.setAxisMinimum(0f);
YAxis leftAxis = mChart.getAxisLeft();
leftAxis.setDrawGridLines(false);
rightAxis.setGranularity(1f);
leftAxis.setAxisMinimum(0f);
XAxis xAxis = mChart.getXAxis();
xAxis.setPosition(XAxisPosition.BOTH_SIDED);
xAxis.setAxisMinimum(0f);
xAxis.setGranularity(1f);
xAxis.setValueFormatter(new IAxisValueFormatter() {
#Override
public String getFormattedValue(float value, AxisBase axis) {
return mMonths[(int) value % mMonths.length];
}
});
CombinedData data = new CombinedData();
data.setData(generateLineData());
data.setData(generateBarData());
xAxis.setAxisMaximum(data.getXMax() + 0.25f);
mChart.setData(data);
mChart.invalidate();
}
private LineData generateLineData() {
LineData d = new LineData();
ArrayList<Entry> entries = new ArrayList<Entry>();
for (int index = 0; index < itemcount; index++)
entries.add(new Entry(index + 0.5f, getRandom(15, 5)));
LineDataSet set = new LineDataSet(entries, "Line DataSet");
set.setColor(Color.rgb(0,100,0));
set.setLineWidth(2.5f);
set.setCircleColor(Color.rgb(0,100,0));
set.setCircleRadius(5f);
set.setFillColor(Color.rgb(0,100,0));
set.setMode(LineDataSet.Mode.CUBIC_BEZIER);
set.setDrawValues(true);
set.setValueTextSize(10f);
set.setValueTextColor(Color.rgb(0,100,0));
set.setAxisDependency(YAxis.AxisDependency.LEFT);
d.addDataSet(set);
return d;
}
private BarData generateBarData() {
ArrayList<BarEntry> entries = new ArrayList<BarEntry>();
for (int index = 0; index < itemcount; index++) {
entries.add(new BarEntry(index, getRandom(25, 25)));
}
BarDataSet set = new BarDataSet(entries, "Bar DataSet");
set.setColor(Color.rgb(60, 220, 78));
set.setValueTextColor(Color.rgb(60, 220, 78));
set.setValueTextSize(10f);
set.setAxisDependency(YAxis.AxisDependency.RIGHT);
return new BarData(set);
}
private float getRandom(float range, float startsfrom) {
return (float) (Math.random() * range) + startsfrom;
}
}

I need to Update the x-axis value 1-8 in a chart library android

I have placed a chart library graph in my app, but the x-axis values are rounded off like 0,2,6,8 i want to show it as 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.
LineChart.java
import org.achartengine.ChartFactory;
import org.achartengine.GraphicalView;
import org.achartengine.chart.PointStyle;
import org.achartengine.model.XYMultipleSeriesDataset;
import org.achartengine.model.XYSeries;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYMultipleSeriesRenderer;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYSeriesRenderer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class LineChart extends Activity {
public static final String TYPE = "type";
private XYMultipleSeriesDataset mDataset = getDemoDataset();
private XYMultipleSeriesRenderer mRenderer = getDemoRenderer();
private GraphicalView mChartView;
#SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_line_chart);
setRendererStyling();
if (mChartView == null) {
LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.chart);
mChartView = ChartFactory.getLineChartView(this, mDataset,
mRenderer);
mRenderer.setSelectableBuffer(100);
layout.addView(mChartView, new LayoutParams(
LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
} else
mChartView.repaint();
}
private void setRendererStyling() {
mRenderer.setApplyBackgroundColor(true);
mRenderer.setBackgroundColor(Color.argb(100, 50, 50, 50));
mRenderer.setAxisTitleTextSize(16);
mRenderer.setChartTitleTextSize(20);
mRenderer.setLabelsTextSize(15);
mRenderer.setLegendTextSize(15);
mRenderer.setMargins(new int[] { 20, 30, 15, 0 });
mRenderer.setZoomButtonsVisible(true);
mRenderer.setPointSize(10);
}
private XYMultipleSeriesDataset getDemoDataset() {
double[] seriesFirstY = {20,-20,67,180,-45,24,99,-34,-8};
double[] seriesSecondY = {10,80,-40,-20,135,24,199,-34,80};
XYMultipleSeriesDataset dataset = new XYMultipleSeriesDataset();
XYSeries firstSeries = new XYSeries("Sample series One");
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
firstSeries.add(i, seriesFirstY[i]);
dataset.addSeries(firstSeries);
XYSeries secondSeries = new XYSeries("Sample series Two");
for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
secondSeries.add(j, seriesSecondY[j]);
dataset.addSeries(secondSeries);
return dataset;
}
private XYMultipleSeriesRenderer getDemoRenderer() {
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer = new XYMultipleSeriesRenderer();
renderer.setMargins(new int[] { 20, 30, 15, 0 });
XYSeriesRenderer r = new XYSeriesRenderer();
r.setColor(Color.BLUE);
r.setPointStyle(PointStyle.SQUARE);
r.setFillBelowLine(true);
r.setFillBelowLineColor(Color.WHITE);
r.setFillPoints(true);
renderer.addSeriesRenderer(r);
r = new XYSeriesRenderer();
r.setPointStyle(PointStyle.CIRCLE);
r.setColor(Color.GREEN);
r.setFillPoints(true);
renderer.addSeriesRenderer(r);
renderer.setAxesColor(Color.DKGRAY);
renderer.setLabelsColor(Color.LTGRAY);
return renderer;
}
}
activity_Line_chart.xml
Layout for displaying the graph
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/chart"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="0.81"
android:orientation="horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>
Referred from this site

You have an option to set a number of labels for desired axis. In your case you need this piece of code
mRendererHR.setXLabels(8);

How to create bar-chart with different color for each bar?

We are creating bar chart for file manager application, we have to display different color for each bar.
Written following code globally.
GraphicalView chartView = null;
private CategorySeries series = new CategorySeries("Space");
private XYMultipleSeriesDataset dataset = new XYMultipleSeriesDataset();
private XYMultipleSeriesRenderer multiRenderer = new XYMultipleSeriesRenderer();
ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> sizes = new ArrayList<String>();
Written following code to display different colors.
public void getBarChart(){
for(int i = 0;i < name.length; i++){
series.add(name[i],values[i]);
multiRenderer.addXTextLabel(i, name[i]);
}
dataset.addSeries(series.toXYSeries());
XYSeriesRenderer renderer = new XYSeriesRenderer();
renderer.setColor(Color.rgb(0, 255, 255));
renderer.setFillPoints(true);
renderer.setLineWidth(2);
renderer.setDisplayChartValues(true);
multiRenderer.setXLabels(0);
multiRenderer.setChartTitle("Chart Used Space");
multiRenderer.setXTitle("Name of Directory");
multiRenderer.setAxisTitleTextSize((float)18);
multiRenderer.setChartTitleTextSize((float)20);
multiRenderer.setYTitle("Amount of Space in MB");
multiRenderer.setXLabelsAngle((float)35);
multiRenderer.setLabelsTextSize((float)15);
multiRenderer.setXLabelsAlign(Align.LEFT);
multiRenderer.setZoomButtonsVisible(true);
multiRenderer.setBarSpacing((float) 1.0);
multiRenderer.addSeriesRenderer(renderer);
chartView = ChartFactory.getBarChartView(getBaseContext(), dataset, multiRenderer, org.achartengine.chart.BarChart.Type.DEFAULT);
}

The bar color in a bar chart is given by its renderer. Each series has a renderer. In order to have a separate color for each bar you will have to add several series, each one having only one bar.

Hi Have a look at this code.
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
LinearLayout linearChart;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
linearChart = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.linearChart);
int colerloop[] = { 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1 };
int heightLoop[] = { 300, 200, 200, 200, 100, 100, 100, 100, 300, 300 };
for (int j = 0; j < colerloop.length; j++) {
drawChart(1, colerloop[j], heightLoop[j]);
}
}
public void drawChart(int count, int color, int height) {
System.out.println(count + color + height);
if (color == 3) {
color = Color.RED;
} else if (color == 1) {
color = Color.BLUE;
} else if (color == 2) {
color = Color.GREEN;
}
for (int k = 1; k <= count; k++) {
View view = new View(this);
view.setBackgroundColor(color);
view.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(25, height));
LinearLayout.LayoutParams params = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) view
.getLayoutParams();
params.setMargins(3, 0, 0, 0); // substitute parameters for left,
// top, right, bottom
view.setLayoutParams(params);
linearChart.addView(view);
}
}
}
For more details please visit the below link.
http://www.androidhub4you.com/2013/05/custom-bar-chart-in-android-dynamic.html
If you follow above link your bar chart will be look like below image.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V7SwZZIRPo8/UaH3pR99oSI/AAAAAAAAAhY/N8etB_mAzec/s1600/device-2013-05-26-171036.png

Bar chart using database

I am new to android. I am creating a bar chart using achartengine. I am not able to plot the bar chart. Can you please tell me what am I doing wrong here. I have created a database using sqlite data browser and copied the data base into the assets folder of my project.
I had written a code to draw the bar chart with static values and now i modified it to take values from a database.
package flu.solutions.travelsense;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import org.achartengine.ChartFactory;
import org.achartengine.chart.BarChart.Type;
import org.achartengine.model.CategorySeries;
import org.achartengine.model.XYMultipleSeriesDataset;
import org.achartengine.renderer.SimpleSeriesRenderer;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYMultipleSeriesRenderer;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYMultipleSeriesRenderer.Orientation;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
public class ChartActivity extends Activity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer = getBarDemoRenderer();
setChartSettings(renderer);
Intent intent = ChartFactory.getBarChartIntent(this, getBarDemoDataset(), renderer, Type.DEFAULT);
startActivity(intent);
}
public Intent createIntent()
{
String[] titles = new String[] { "Top 10 Destinations", " " };
List<double[]> values = new ArrayList<double[]>();
values.add(new double[] { 8, 6, 4, 6, 7, 7, 9, 5, 7, 8, 8 });
values.add(new double[] {});
int[] colors = new int[] { Color.RED, Color.BLACK};
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer = buildBarRenderer(colors);
renderer.setOrientation(Orientation.HORIZONTAL);
setChartSettings(renderer);
renderer.setXLabels(1);
renderer.setYLabels(10);
renderer.addXTextLabel(1, "Bangalore");
renderer.addXTextLabel(2, "Mysore");
renderer.addXTextLabel(3, "Chennai");
renderer.addXTextLabel(4, "Delhi");
renderer.addXTextLabel(5, "Kolkatta");
renderer.addXTextLabel(6, "Kashmir");
renderer.addXTextLabel(7, "Hyderabad");
renderer.addXTextLabel(8, "Mumbai");
renderer.addXTextLabel(9, "Kerala");
renderer.addXTextLabel(10, "Gujarat");
int length = renderer.getSeriesRendererCount();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
SimpleSeriesRenderer seriesRenderer = renderer.getSeriesRendererAt(i);
seriesRenderer.setDisplayChartValues(false);
}
return ChartFactory.getBarChartIntent(this, buildBarDataset(titles, values), renderer,Type.DEFAULT);
}
public XYMultipleSeriesRenderer getBarDemoRenderer() {
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer = new XYMultipleSeriesRenderer();
renderer.setAxisTitleTextSize(16);
renderer.setChartTitleTextSize(20);
renderer.setLabelsTextSize(15);
renderer.setLegendTextSize(15);
renderer.setMargins(new int[] {20, 30, 15, 0});
SimpleSeriesRenderer r = new SimpleSeriesRenderer();
r.setColor(Color.BLUE);
renderer.addSeriesRenderer(r);
r = new SimpleSeriesRenderer();
r.setColor(Color.GREEN);
renderer.addSeriesRenderer(r);
return renderer;
}
private XYMultipleSeriesDataset getBarDemoDataset() {
XYMultipleSeriesDataset dataset = new XYMultipleSeriesDataset();
final int nr = 10;
Random r = new Random();
int SERIES_NR = 2;
for (int i = 0; i < SERIES_NR; i++) {
CategorySeries series = new CategorySeries("Demo series " + (i + 1));
for (int k = 0; k < nr; k++) {
series.add(100 + r.nextInt() % 100);
}
dataset.addSeries(series.toXYSeries());
}
return dataset;
}
private void setChartSettings(XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer) {
renderer.setChartTitle("Chart demo");
renderer.setXTitle("x values");
renderer.setYTitle("y values");
renderer.setXAxisMin(0);
renderer.setXAxisMax(5);
renderer.setYAxisMin(0);
renderer.setYAxisMax(250);
}
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_chart, menu);
return true;
}
}

your createIntent() method doesn't even look like its been referenced. i believe that the correct OnCreate would be:
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Intent intent = createIntent();
startActivity(intent);
}
But you should know that you're eventually going to want to make your graph load as view rather than intent to get the real-time functionality that you wanted.

Line chart using aChartengine

I want to use line chart in my application, I want to show it in below the image which is setting as background image for linear layout 1, in 2nd linear layout i want to add line chart, I'm using achart engine libraries. Null pointer exception at line 66(layout.addView(mChartView, new LayoutParams( LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));) please help
package com.android.linegraph;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.achartengine.ChartFactory;
import org.achartengine.GraphicalView;
import org.achartengine.chart.PointStyle;
import org.achartengine.model.XYMultipleSeriesDataset;
import org.achartengine.model.XYSeries;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYMultipleSeriesRenderer;
import org.achartengine.renderer.XYSeriesRenderer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint.Align;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
public class LineGraph extends Activity {
private GraphicalView mChartView;
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
LinearLayout layout = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.linearLayout2);
String[] titles = new String[] { "spens1" };
List<double[]> x = new ArrayList<double[]>();
x.add(new double[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 });
// }
List<double[]> values = new ArrayList<double[]>();
values
.add(new double[] { 9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 23, 26, 25, 22, 18, 13,
10 });
int[] colors = new int[] { Color.BLUE };
PointStyle[] styles = new PointStyle[] { PointStyle.CIRCLE };
renderer = buildRenderer(colors, styles);
int length = renderer.getSeriesRendererCount();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
((XYSeriesRenderer) renderer.getSeriesRendererAt(i))
.setFillPoints(true);
}
setChartSettings(renderer, "SCORE CARD VIEW", "Attetempts",
"Marks Scored", 0.5, 12.5, -10, 40, Color.LTGRAY, Color.LTGRAY);
renderer.setXLabels(12);
renderer.setYLabels(10);
renderer.setShowGrid(true);
renderer.setXLabelsAlign(Align.RIGHT);
renderer.setYLabelsAlign(Align.RIGHT);
renderer.setZoomButtonsVisible(true);
renderer.setPanLimits(new double[] { -10, 20, -10, 40 });
renderer.setZoomLimits(new double[] { -10, 20, -10, 40 });
if (mChartView == null) {
Log.d("Oncreate ", "if (mChartView == null)");
mChartView = ChartFactory.getLineChartView(this, mDataset(titles,
x, values), renderer);
layout.addView(mChartView, new LayoutParams(
LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
} else {
// mChartView.repaint();
Log.d("Oncreate ", "if (mChartView != null)");
}
}
private void setChartSettings(XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer3,
String title, String xTitle, String yTitle, double xMin,
double xMax, double yMin, double yMax, int axesColor,
int labelsColor) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
renderer3.setChartTitle(title);
renderer3.setXTitle(xTitle);
renderer3.setYTitle(yTitle);
renderer3.setXAxisMin(xMin);
renderer3.setXAxisMax(xMax);
renderer3.setYAxisMin(yMin);
renderer3.setYAxisMax(yMax);
renderer3.setAxesColor(axesColor);
renderer3.setLabelsColor(labelsColor);
}
private XYMultipleSeriesRenderer buildRenderer(int[] colors,
PointStyle[] styles) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer = new XYMultipleSeriesRenderer();
setRenderer(renderer, colors, styles);
return renderer;
}
private void setRenderer(XYMultipleSeriesRenderer renderer2, int[] colors,
PointStyle[] styles) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
renderer2.setAxisTitleTextSize(16);
renderer2.setChartTitleTextSize(20);
renderer2.setLabelsTextSize(15);
renderer2.setLegendTextSize(15);
renderer2.setPointSize(5f);
renderer2.setMargins(new int[] { 20, 30, 15, 20 });
int length = colors.length;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
XYSeriesRenderer r = new XYSeriesRenderer();
r.setColor(colors[i]);
r.setPointStyle(styles[i]);
renderer2.addSeriesRenderer(r);
}
}
private XYMultipleSeriesDataset mDataset(String[] titles,
List<double[]> xValues, List<double[]> yValues) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
XYMultipleSeriesDataset dataset1 = new XYMultipleSeriesDataset();
addXYSeries(dataset1, titles, xValues, yValues, 0);
return dataset1;
}
private void addXYSeries(XYMultipleSeriesDataset dataset, String[] titles,
List<double[]> xValues, List<double[]> yValues, int scale) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int length = titles.length;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
XYSeries series = new XYSeries(titles[i], scale);
double[] xV = xValues.get(i);
double[] yV = yValues.get(i);
int seriesLength = xV.length;
for (int k = 0; k < seriesLength; k++) {
series.add(xV[k], yV[k]);
}
dataset.addSeries(series);
}
}
}
<RelativeLayout android:id="#+id/relativeLayout1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<LinearLayout android:id="#+id/linearLayout1"
android:background="#drawable/cricket" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content"></LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout android:id="#+id/linearLayout2"
android:layout_below="#id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"></LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

I can't test this in practice now, but I think you are missing a call to
setContentView(R.layout.NAME_OF_YOUR_XML_FILE);
this could e.g. be after this line:
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Without this the layout variable is null, thus causing the exception (my guess).