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Android implementation of tutorial screen

I'm planning to implement tutorial screen for Android app.
My plan is that tutorial screen looks like:
There are several screens and you can swipe between than. Every view has custom design. There are dots which represents every screen, and show what page are you watching now. I need good-looking transition with adequate animations.
This screen will be full screen activity.
I have found several Image Galery, but I don't want to slide between images, I need to slide between views.
I do not need exactly code for this. I need instruction in which way this can be done, and what elements I need to use in order to achieve targeted design.
Thanks in advance.

You'll want to use ViewPager in conjunction with Fragments, the instructions are on Android developer's website.

Another activity comes up and covers half the screen size

I have a button which on clicking opens another activity which comes up from below and covers half the screen. I searched about it but did not get any useful approach except the overridePendingTransition function which is useful in getting the animation on activity transition, but this didn't solve my problem. I know this is done in google hangout as shown in the images but can't find any useful solution.
When we press the button this activity comes up and covers half the screen size
when we scroll up the activity becomes our main activity
Any idea how this can be done?
Thanks

you can use bottom sheet for this type of UI.
here is first sample.
another sample
here is code

After some searching i got exactly what i wanted with all the codes, but still the profile picture animation is remaining, rest the SlidingPanelLayout code can be seen here . It contains some detailed information with all the classes implemented which you can use directly. I think this will surely help you. :D
Edit: As said by #MrsEd i would like to add some code that helped me. This is the custom built DraggableLayout which you can use directly, the code can be found here. Then the activity must implement the onStopVerticalDragDown() of the DraggableLayoutCallbackListener inteface and set the content view as this xml file.
Hope this clears all the doubt and makes it easier for anyone to implement their own custom built DraggableLayout without using any third party library. :D

Please. Don't redo this.
And instead, use Flipboard's BottomSheet.

android: How can I implement first time tutorial like Go Launcher in my app?

Go Launcher have a nice first-time tutorial. it is very similar to Stock ICS first time run. I want to learn how to make the similar tutorial display at the first launch of my app. How can I implement this Transparent view (which interacts with screen objects) in my android app?

I was trying to do something similar using a transparent activity with a viewpager inside it. I wanted static 'tutorial' images that users could swipe through.
One of the answers to my question mentioned an interesting library (called ShowcaseView). It seems like it may be a good fit for your requirements as well.
https://github.com/Espiandev/ShowcaseView

You can either use a FrameLayout or RelativeLayout as root of your Activity/Fragment, and put your "first time" View upon content with a (almost) transparent background, or use another Activity/Fragment themed with a transluscent window. (like this)
I'd rather use an Activity/Fragment, but this is up to you!

I wrote little library That contains a simple component for making ​​a app tour. It`s very restricted to my case but maybe could be your case . Single LessonCardView Showed onstartactivity for the first time or on button click Any criticism ,help or advice will be appreciated. thanks https://github.com/dnocode/DnoLib

You can implement a first-time user guide with the Spotlight library by TakuSemba.
It is similar to the one shared above and it is still well-maintained (as of 2021).
https://github.com/TakuSemba/Spotlight

Circular / rotary dial view in android

I have a need to create a circular dial/rotary style component for use in an application. It's essentially a circular menu that allows users to select from the items that are ringed around it, and then they can click the button in the center to activate the selected item. However, I've never created a custom UIView of this type, and don't really know where to begin. Can anyone give me any pointers as to how I would draw the view and then rotate it as the user drags their finger? I obviously know how to intercept touch events, etc. but I'm not sure how to actually go about manipulating the UI appropriately. Any tips or pointers would be great!

I don't know if you've already found a solution to this, but here is a nice overview of how to get started:
http://shahabhameed.blogspot.com/2011/05/custom-views-in-android.html
For you, I think you can extend an existing View, that View being the SeekBar. You can take the standard SeekBar and draw it in a circle.
Finally, here is a source code that does the rotation with a volume knob. It is its own project though, so you have to do some work to use it in your own app.
http://mindtherobot.com/blog/534/android-ui-making-an-analog-rotary-knob/
Good Luck!

I have a neat library to do this. It is extremely stable and well maintained. https://bitbucket.org/warwick/hgdialrepo
Heres a youtube demo: https://youtu.be/h_7VxrZ2W-g
This library comes with a demo app with source code and the demo app actually uses a dial as a menu, So I think this should be the perfect solution for you.

Small Popup for Instructions, like foursquare ones

After seeing the last screenshots of new foursquare application and their balloon like cartoon instructions, I'd like to create some of these in my application.
I found a similar question for iPhone
Small popup for instructions... How?
Here is another screenshot of foursquare app:
I'd like to know how I could achieve that with Android.
Thanks in advance for any help.
UPDATE: This is what I could get so far but adding some buttons with a custom drawn background and layering them with a FrameLayout:
But I still couldn't get the triangle effect. Maybe there is something I can do with my custom background shape?
UPDATE2
After checking your suggestions, I decided to go with Aaron C idea and added an image with an arrow on it. This is my current result:
Thank you Snailer, QuickAction API project seems very much promissing. I'll check it out when implementing more features in my app.
Now, I just need to get the right color or maybe I could just let it this way. It seems nice too.
And, so, to summarize what I did:
Got my initial xml layout inside a FrameView.
As I'm using a frameview, everything I put in here will be piled one over the other. That's how I could add things to the layout.
In that framelayout, I put 2 relativelayouts whith an image with the triangle and a button to create the two upper popups. In the bottom I put a button only.
That's it. I hope it helps somebody.
Thank you very much again for all your help!

That sounds like a neat thing to implement. There might be a built-in Android variation on AlertDialog that achieves this, but if not here is how I would go about implementing it:
Create a new Activity whose background is black with a very high (low?) alpha color value. This will allow you to see through it to the previous Activity in the stack. Then, add your alert at whatever coordinates you like using a relative layout with padding values.
You might also want to add a touch listener that exits the Activity if the user touches the balloon (or maybe anywhere in the screen).
If you want to be fancy with coordinate placement of the balloon, you can pass this information into the new Activity using the Activity's launch Intent with the putExtra() methods.

It's probably achieved through skinning a toast.
The developer documentation shows a skinned toast in "Creating a custom toast view" at http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/toasts.html

You may want to look at the QuickAction API. It acheives this by using PopupWindow, skinned, positioned, and animated.