Develop Reference

Problem receiving MMS message on Android API 24 [duplicate]

So this video Android 4.4 SMS APIs from #DevBytes explains the recent changes to the SMS APIs in KitKat. They also provide a link with a sample project. http://goo.gl/uQ3Nih
They suggest that you handle the receive of an MMS in a service. Which all looks fine, except they neglect to mention the most undocumented piece. How to actually handle an incoming MMS.
Here is the sample from the project
https://gist.github.com/lawloretienne/8970938
I have tried to "handle the MMS"
https://gist.github.com/lawloretienne/8971050
I can get the extras from the intent but the only meaningful thing that I can extract is the number from which the MMS was sent.
Can anyone point me in the right direction about how to go about this?
I noticed that a WAP_PUSH_MESSAGE contains a few things, a FROM, SUBJECT, and CONTENT_LOCATION.
The content location appears to be the url where the content of the MMS is contained. How can I access this?
Here is an example of that URL
https://atl1mmsget.msg.eng.t-mobile.com/mms/wapenc?location=XXXXXXXXXXX_14zbwk&rid=027
Where the X is a digit in the phone number of the device I am testing on.
It looks like the MMSC (Multimedia Messaging Service Center) for T-Mobile in the U.S. is http://mms.msg.eng.t-mobile.com/mms/wapenc
According to this list : http://www.activexperts.com/xmstoolkit/mmsclist/

There's zero documentation so here's some info to help.
1) com.google.android.mms.pdu from source. You need the Pdu utils.
2) You get the notification push from byte array extra of the incoming mms broadcast (intent.getByteArrayExtra("data")).
3) Parse the notification push into a GenericPdu (new PduParser(rawPdu).parse()).
4) You'll need TransactionSettings to communicate with the carrier's wap server. I get the transaction settings after #5 below. I use:
TransactionSettings transactionSettings = new TransactionSettings(mContext, mConnMgr.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS).getExtraInfo());
5) Force network comm over wifi. I use the following.
private boolean beginMmsConnectivity() {
try {
int result = mConnMgr.startUsingNetworkFeature(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, Phone.FEATURE_ENABLE_MMS);
NetworkInfo info = mConnMgr.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS);
boolean isAvailable = info != null && info.isConnected() && result == Phone.APN_ALREADY_ACTIVE && !Phone.REASON_VOICE_CALL_ENDED.equals(info.getReason());
return isAvailable;
} catch(Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
6) You then need to ensure a route to the host.
private static void ensureRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager cm, String url, TransactionSettings settings) throws IOException {
int inetAddr;
if (settings.isProxySet()) {
String proxyAddr = settings.getProxyAddress();
inetAddr = lookupHost(proxyAddr);
if (inetAddr == -1) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
} else {
if (!cm.requestRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to proxy " + inetAddr);
}
} else {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
inetAddr = lookupHost(uri.getHost());
if (inetAddr == -1) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
} else {
if (!cm.requestRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to " + inetAddr + " for " + url);
}
}
}
Here's the lookupHost method:
private static int lookupHost(String hostname) {
InetAddress inetAddress;
try {
inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName(hostname);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
return -1;
}
byte[] addrBytes;
int addr;
addrBytes = inetAddress.getAddress();
addr = ((addrBytes[3] & 0xff) << 24) | ((addrBytes[2] & 0xff) << 16) | ((addrBytes[1] & 0xff) << 8) | (addrBytes[0] & 0xff);
return addr;
}
I also like to use a reflection based method for improved ensureRouteToHost functionality:
private static void ensureRouteToHostFancy(ConnectivityManager cm, String url, TransactionSettings settings) throws IOException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
Method m = cm.getClass().getMethod("requestRouteToHostAddress", new Class[] { int.class, InetAddress.class });
InetAddress inetAddr;
if (settings.isProxySet()) {
String proxyAddr = settings.getProxyAddress();
try {
inetAddr = InetAddress.getByName(proxyAddr);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown proxy " + proxyAddr);
}
if (!(Boolean) m.invoke(cm, new Object[] { ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr }))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to proxy " + inetAddr);
} else {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
try {
inetAddr = InetAddress.getByName(uri.getHost());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
}
if (!(Boolean) m.invoke(cm, new Object[] { ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr }))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to " + inetAddr + " for " + url);
}
}
7) After ensuring a route to the host you can then need HttpUtls from source. I've heavily modified my implementation using OkHttp for improved communications.
byte[] rawPdu = HttpUtils.httpConnection(mContext, mContentLocation, null, HttpUtils.HTTP_GET_METHOD, mTransactionSettings.isProxySet(), mTransactionSettings.getProxyAddress(), mTransactionSettings.getProxyPort());
8) From the resulting byte array use the PduParser to parge the GenericPdu. Then you can extract the body and cast to a MultimediaMessagePdu.
9) Then you can iterate the parts of the PDU.
There are countless things to consider with MMS. One thing that comes to mind is how annoying Slideshows are, so what I do is detect if there are more than 1 parts in the PDU, then I copy the headers and create separate MultimediaMessagePdu of which I save them to the phone's mms content provider separately. Don't forget to copy the headers especially if you are supporting group messaging. Group messaging is another story because the incomging telephone number in the PDU doesn't tell the whole story (MultimediaMessagePdu.mmpdu()). There's more contacts in the header that you extract using the following code.
private HashSet<String> getRecipients(GenericPdu pdu) {
PduHeaders header = pdu.getPduHeaders();
HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]> addressMap = new HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]>(ADDRESS_FIELDS.length);
for (int addrType : ADDRESS_FIELDS) {
EncodedStringValue[] array = null;
if (addrType == PduHeaders.FROM) {
EncodedStringValue v = header.getEncodedStringValue(addrType);
if (v != null) {
array = new EncodedStringValue[1];
array[0] = v;
}
} else {
array = header.getEncodedStringValues(addrType);
}
addressMap.put(addrType, array);
}
HashSet<String> recipients = new HashSet<String>();
loadRecipients(PduHeaders.FROM, recipients, addressMap, false);
loadRecipients(PduHeaders.TO, recipients, addressMap, true);
return recipients;
}
Here's the load recipients method:
private void loadRecipients(int addressType, HashSet<String> recipients, HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]> addressMap, boolean excludeMyNumber) {
EncodedStringValue[] array = addressMap.get(addressType);
if (array == null) {
return;
}
// If the TO recipients is only a single address, then we can skip loadRecipients when
// we're excluding our own number because we know that address is our own.
if (excludeMyNumber && array.length == 1) {
return;
}
String myNumber = excludeMyNumber ? mTelephonyManager.getLine1Number() : null;
for (EncodedStringValue v : array) {
if (v != null) {
String number = v.getString();
if ((myNumber == null || !PhoneNumberUtils.compare(number, myNumber)) && !recipients.contains(number)) {
// Only add numbers which aren't my own number.
recipients.add(number);
}
}
}
}
Here's how to iterate the MultimediaMessagePdu parts.
private void processPduAttachments() throws Exception {
if (mGenericPdu instanceof MultimediaMessagePdu) {
PduBody body = ((MultimediaMessagePdu) mGenericPdu).getBody();
if (body != null) {
int partsNum = body.getPartsNum();
for (int i = 0; i < partsNum; i++) {
try {
PduPart part = body.getPart(i);
if (part == null || part.getData() == null || part.getContentType() == null || part.getName() == null)
continue;
String partType = new String(part.getContentType());
String partName = new String(part.getName());
Log.d("Part Name: " + partName);
Log.d("Part Type: " + partType);
if (ContentType.isTextType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isImageType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isVideoType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isAudioType(partType)) {
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Bad part shouldn't ruin the party for the other parts
}
}
}
} else {
Log.d("Not a MultimediaMessagePdu PDU");
}
}
There's many more considerations such as animated GIF support, which is entirely possible :) Some carriers support acknowledge reports, and delivery reports too, you can most likely neglect these wap communications unless a user really really wants mms delivery reports.

Cordova plugin me.apla.cordova.app-preferences - success callback not fired some times

This is regarding the usage of Cordova plugin "me.apla.cordova.app-preferences", which is used for saving to and retrieving from application preferences (SharedPreferences in Android and NSUserDefaults in iOS). While trying to fetch a previously saved value, some times success callback or failure callback is not being fired for both iOS and Android. But sometimes it fires successfully. Its a strange behavior. Here is the snippet of the JS code that I've used for retrieving value using the plugin:
var prefs = window.plugins.appPreferences; prefs.fetch(prefReadSucess, prefReadFailed, 'key');
function prefReadSucess(value) {
// handle success call back
}
function prefReadFailed(error) {
// handle failure callback
}
The jave code for the plugin is,
private boolean fetchValueByKey(final String key, final CallbackContext callbackContext) {
cordova.getThreadPool().execute(new Runnable() {public void run() {
SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(cordova.getActivity());
String returnVal = null;
if (sharedPrefs.contains(key)) {
Object obj = sharedPrefs.getAll().get(key);
String objClass = obj.getClass().getName();
if (objClass.equals("java.lang.Integer")) {
returnVal = obj.toString();
} else if (objClass.equals("java.lang.Float") || objClass.equals("java.lang.Double")) {
returnVal = obj.toString();
} else if (objClass.equals("java.lang.Boolean")) {
returnVal = (Boolean)obj ? "true" : "false";
} else if (objClass.equals("java.lang.String")) {
if (sharedPrefs.contains("_" + key + "_type")) {
// here we have json encoded string
returnVal = (String)obj;
} else {
String fakeArray = null;
try {
fakeArray = new JSONStringer().array().value((String)obj).endArray().toString();
} catch (JSONException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
callbackContext.error(0);
return;
}
returnVal = fakeArray.substring(1, fakeArray.length()-1);
// returnVal = new JSONStringer().value((String)obj).toString();
}
} else {
Log.d("", "unhandled type: " + objClass);
}
// JSONObject jsonValue = new JSONObject((Map) obj);
callbackContext.success(returnVal);
} else {
}
}});
return true;
}
It is working properly when I comment the line from the java code,
cordova.getThreadPool().execute(new Runnable() {public void run() {
I tried to print the value of returnVal just before the line,
callbackContext.success(returnVal);
I am getting the values always. But some time the success call back is not firing,
I've ensured that the plugin is being accessed on or after the 'device ready' event. Any kind of help is appreciated.

Receive MMS messages in Android KitKat

So this video Android 4.4 SMS APIs from #DevBytes explains the recent changes to the SMS APIs in KitKat. They also provide a link with a sample project. http://goo.gl/uQ3Nih
They suggest that you handle the receive of an MMS in a service. Which all looks fine, except they neglect to mention the most undocumented piece. How to actually handle an incoming MMS.
Here is the sample from the project
https://gist.github.com/lawloretienne/8970938
I have tried to "handle the MMS"
https://gist.github.com/lawloretienne/8971050
I can get the extras from the intent but the only meaningful thing that I can extract is the number from which the MMS was sent.
Can anyone point me in the right direction about how to go about this?
I noticed that a WAP_PUSH_MESSAGE contains a few things, a FROM, SUBJECT, and CONTENT_LOCATION.
The content location appears to be the url where the content of the MMS is contained. How can I access this?
Here is an example of that URL
https://atl1mmsget.msg.eng.t-mobile.com/mms/wapenc?location=XXXXXXXXXXX_14zbwk&rid=027
Where the X is a digit in the phone number of the device I am testing on.
It looks like the MMSC (Multimedia Messaging Service Center) for T-Mobile in the U.S. is http://mms.msg.eng.t-mobile.com/mms/wapenc
According to this list : http://www.activexperts.com/xmstoolkit/mmsclist/

There's zero documentation so here's some info to help.
1) com.google.android.mms.pdu from source. You need the Pdu utils.
2) You get the notification push from byte array extra of the incoming mms broadcast (intent.getByteArrayExtra("data")).
3) Parse the notification push into a GenericPdu (new PduParser(rawPdu).parse()).
4) You'll need TransactionSettings to communicate with the carrier's wap server. I get the transaction settings after #5 below. I use:
TransactionSettings transactionSettings = new TransactionSettings(mContext, mConnMgr.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS).getExtraInfo());
5) Force network comm over wifi. I use the following.
private boolean beginMmsConnectivity() {
try {
int result = mConnMgr.startUsingNetworkFeature(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, Phone.FEATURE_ENABLE_MMS);
NetworkInfo info = mConnMgr.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS);
boolean isAvailable = info != null && info.isConnected() && result == Phone.APN_ALREADY_ACTIVE && !Phone.REASON_VOICE_CALL_ENDED.equals(info.getReason());
return isAvailable;
} catch(Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
6) You then need to ensure a route to the host.
private static void ensureRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager cm, String url, TransactionSettings settings) throws IOException {
int inetAddr;
if (settings.isProxySet()) {
String proxyAddr = settings.getProxyAddress();
inetAddr = lookupHost(proxyAddr);
if (inetAddr == -1) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
} else {
if (!cm.requestRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to proxy " + inetAddr);
}
} else {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
inetAddr = lookupHost(uri.getHost());
if (inetAddr == -1) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
} else {
if (!cm.requestRouteToHost(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to " + inetAddr + " for " + url);
}
}
}
Here's the lookupHost method:
private static int lookupHost(String hostname) {
InetAddress inetAddress;
try {
inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName(hostname);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
return -1;
}
byte[] addrBytes;
int addr;
addrBytes = inetAddress.getAddress();
addr = ((addrBytes[3] & 0xff) << 24) | ((addrBytes[2] & 0xff) << 16) | ((addrBytes[1] & 0xff) << 8) | (addrBytes[0] & 0xff);
return addr;
}
I also like to use a reflection based method for improved ensureRouteToHost functionality:
private static void ensureRouteToHostFancy(ConnectivityManager cm, String url, TransactionSettings settings) throws IOException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
Method m = cm.getClass().getMethod("requestRouteToHostAddress", new Class[] { int.class, InetAddress.class });
InetAddress inetAddr;
if (settings.isProxySet()) {
String proxyAddr = settings.getProxyAddress();
try {
inetAddr = InetAddress.getByName(proxyAddr);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown proxy " + proxyAddr);
}
if (!(Boolean) m.invoke(cm, new Object[] { ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr }))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to proxy " + inetAddr);
} else {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
try {
inetAddr = InetAddress.getByName(uri.getHost());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route for " + url + ": Unknown host");
}
if (!(Boolean) m.invoke(cm, new Object[] { ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, inetAddr }))
throw new IOException("Cannot establish route to " + inetAddr + " for " + url);
}
}
7) After ensuring a route to the host you can then need HttpUtls from source. I've heavily modified my implementation using OkHttp for improved communications.
byte[] rawPdu = HttpUtils.httpConnection(mContext, mContentLocation, null, HttpUtils.HTTP_GET_METHOD, mTransactionSettings.isProxySet(), mTransactionSettings.getProxyAddress(), mTransactionSettings.getProxyPort());
8) From the resulting byte array use the PduParser to parge the GenericPdu. Then you can extract the body and cast to a MultimediaMessagePdu.
9) Then you can iterate the parts of the PDU.
There are countless things to consider with MMS. One thing that comes to mind is how annoying Slideshows are, so what I do is detect if there are more than 1 parts in the PDU, then I copy the headers and create separate MultimediaMessagePdu of which I save them to the phone's mms content provider separately. Don't forget to copy the headers especially if you are supporting group messaging. Group messaging is another story because the incomging telephone number in the PDU doesn't tell the whole story (MultimediaMessagePdu.mmpdu()). There's more contacts in the header that you extract using the following code.
private HashSet<String> getRecipients(GenericPdu pdu) {
PduHeaders header = pdu.getPduHeaders();
HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]> addressMap = new HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]>(ADDRESS_FIELDS.length);
for (int addrType : ADDRESS_FIELDS) {
EncodedStringValue[] array = null;
if (addrType == PduHeaders.FROM) {
EncodedStringValue v = header.getEncodedStringValue(addrType);
if (v != null) {
array = new EncodedStringValue[1];
array[0] = v;
}
} else {
array = header.getEncodedStringValues(addrType);
}
addressMap.put(addrType, array);
}
HashSet<String> recipients = new HashSet<String>();
loadRecipients(PduHeaders.FROM, recipients, addressMap, false);
loadRecipients(PduHeaders.TO, recipients, addressMap, true);
return recipients;
}
Here's the load recipients method:
private void loadRecipients(int addressType, HashSet<String> recipients, HashMap<Integer, EncodedStringValue[]> addressMap, boolean excludeMyNumber) {
EncodedStringValue[] array = addressMap.get(addressType);
if (array == null) {
return;
}
// If the TO recipients is only a single address, then we can skip loadRecipients when
// we're excluding our own number because we know that address is our own.
if (excludeMyNumber && array.length == 1) {
return;
}
String myNumber = excludeMyNumber ? mTelephonyManager.getLine1Number() : null;
for (EncodedStringValue v : array) {
if (v != null) {
String number = v.getString();
if ((myNumber == null || !PhoneNumberUtils.compare(number, myNumber)) && !recipients.contains(number)) {
// Only add numbers which aren't my own number.
recipients.add(number);
}
}
}
}
Here's how to iterate the MultimediaMessagePdu parts.
private void processPduAttachments() throws Exception {
if (mGenericPdu instanceof MultimediaMessagePdu) {
PduBody body = ((MultimediaMessagePdu) mGenericPdu).getBody();
if (body != null) {
int partsNum = body.getPartsNum();
for (int i = 0; i < partsNum; i++) {
try {
PduPart part = body.getPart(i);
if (part == null || part.getData() == null || part.getContentType() == null || part.getName() == null)
continue;
String partType = new String(part.getContentType());
String partName = new String(part.getName());
Log.d("Part Name: " + partName);
Log.d("Part Type: " + partType);
if (ContentType.isTextType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isImageType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isVideoType(partType)) {
} else if (ContentType.isAudioType(partType)) {
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Bad part shouldn't ruin the party for the other parts
}
}
}
} else {
Log.d("Not a MultimediaMessagePdu PDU");
}
}
There's many more considerations such as animated GIF support, which is entirely possible :) Some carriers support acknowledge reports, and delivery reports too, you can most likely neglect these wap communications unless a user really really wants mms delivery reports.

Android: How handle message error from the server using Volley?

I am using Volley for my Android app to fetch data from my server. It works well except when handling the error from my server. My server sends this response when there is a mistake:
{
"status": 400,
"message": "Errors (2): A name is required- Julien is already used. Not creating."
}
My goal is to get the message and then display it in a Toast. I followed some sample for how to do this, but it doesn't work.
There is my error listener :
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
int statusCode = error.networkResponse.statusCode;
NetworkResponse response = error.networkResponse;
Log.d("testerror",""+statusCode+" "+response.data);
// Handle your error types accordingly.For Timeout & No connection error, you can show 'retry' button.
// For AuthFailure, you can re login with user credentials.
// For ClientError, 400 & 401, Errors happening on client side when sending api request.
// In this case you can check how client is forming the api and debug accordingly.
// For ServerError 5xx, you can do retry or handle accordingly.
if( error instanceof NetworkError) {
} else if( error instanceof ClientError) {
} else if( error instanceof ServerError) {
} else if( error instanceof AuthFailureError) {
} else if( error instanceof ParseError) {
} else if( error instanceof NoConnectionError) {
} else if( error instanceof TimeoutError) {
}
showProgress(false);
mPasswordView.setError(getString(R.string.error_incorrect_password));
mPasswordView.requestFocus();
}
And there the result of my debugger : testerror﹕ 400 [B#430b8d60
EDIT: Moreover my error.getMessage() is null.
So I don't understand why my variable response.data is not the response from my server.
If someone know how I can get the message from my server it's will be cool.
Thx,

I've implemented something similar to this, and it's relatively simple. Your log message is printing out what looks like gibberish, because response.data is really a byte array - not a String. Also, a VolleyError is really just an extended Exception, so Exception.getMessage() likely wouldn't return what you are looking for unless you override the parsing methods for parsing your VolleyError in your extended Request class. A really basic way to handle this would be to do something like:
//In your extended request class
#Override
protected VolleyError parseNetworkError(VolleyError volleyError){
if(volleyError.networkResponse != null && volleyError.networkResponse.data != null){
VolleyError error = new VolleyError(new String(volleyError.networkResponse.data));
volleyError = error;
}
return volleyError;
}
}
If you add this to your extended Request classes, your getMessage() should at least not return null. I normally don't really bother with this, though, since it's easy enough to do it all from within your onErrorResponse(VolleyError e) method.
You should use a JSON library to simplify things -- I use Gson for example or you could use Apache's JSONObjects which shouldn't require an additional external library. The first step is to get the response JSON sent from your server as a String (in a similar fashion to what I just demonstrated), next you can optionally convert it to a JSONObject (using either apache's JSONObjects and JsonArrays, or another library of your choice) or just parse the String yourself. After that, you just have to display the Toast.
Here's some example code to get you started:
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
String json = null;
NetworkResponse response = error.networkResponse;
if(response != null && response.data != null){
switch(response.statusCode){
case 400:
json = new String(response.data);
json = trimMessage(json, "message");
if(json != null) displayMessage(json);
break;
}
//Additional cases
}
}
public String trimMessage(String json, String key){
String trimmedString = null;
try{
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(json);
trimmedString = obj.getString(key);
} catch(JSONException e){
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return trimmedString;
}
//Somewhere that has access to a context
public void displayMessage(String toastString){
Toast.makeText(context, toastString, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

try this class to handle all erros
public class VolleyErrorHelper {
/**
* Returns appropriate message which is to be displayed to the user
* against the specified error object.
*
* #param error
* #param context
* #return
*/
public static String getMessage (Object error , Context context){
if(error instanceof TimeoutError){
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.timeout);
}else if (isServerProblem(error)){
return handleServerError(error ,context);
}else if(isNetworkProblem(error)){
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.nointernet);
}
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.generic_error);
}
private static String handleServerError(Object error, Context context) {
VolleyError er = (VolleyError)error;
NetworkResponse response = er.networkResponse;
if(response != null){
switch (response.statusCode){
case 404:
case 422:
case 401:
try {
// server might return error like this { "error": "Some error occured" }
// Use "Gson" to parse the result
HashMap<String, String> result = new Gson().fromJson(new String(response.data),
new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {
}.getType());
if (result != null && result.containsKey("error")) {
return result.get("error");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// invalid request
return ((VolleyError) error).getMessage();
default:
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.timeout);
}
}
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.generic_error);
}
private static boolean isServerProblem(Object error) {
return (error instanceof ServerError || error instanceof AuthFailureError);
}
private static boolean isNetworkProblem (Object error){
return (error instanceof NetworkError || error instanceof NoConnectionError);
}

GCM: MulticastResult - which result is from which device?

Following the last section in the GCM: Getting Started guide, there's some book-keeping to be done after receiving the results.
Quoting from the guide:
It's now necessary to parse the result and take the proper action in the following cases:
If the message was created but the result returned a canonical registration ID, it's necessary to replace the current registration
ID with the canonical one.
If the returned error is NotRegistered, it's necessary to remove that registration ID, because the application was uninstalled from
the device.
Here's a code snippet that handles these 2 conditions:
if (result.getMessageId() != null) {
String canonicalRegId = result.getCanonicalRegistrationId();
if (canonicalRegId != null) {
// same device has more than on registration ID: update database
}
} else {
String error = result.getErrorCodeName();
if (error.equals(Constants.ERROR_NOT_REGISTERED)) {
// application has been removed from device - unregister database
}
}
The guide above refers to a single result, and not to the multicast case.
I'm not sure how to handle the multicast case:
ArrayList<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>();
for (String d : relevantDevices) {
devices.add(d);
}
Sender sender = new Sender(myApiKey);
Message message = new Message.Builder().addData("hello", "world").build();
try {
MulticastResult result = sender.send(message, devices, 5);
for (Result r : result.getResults()) {
if (r.getMessageId() != null) {
String canonicalRegId = r.getCanonicalRegistrationId();
if (canonicalRegId != null) {
// same device has more than on registration ID: update database
// BUT WHICH DEVICE IS IT?
}
} else {
String error = r.getErrorCodeName();
if (error.equals(Constants.ERROR_NOT_REGISTERED)) {
// application has been removed from device - unregister database
// BUT WHICH DEVICE IS IT?
}
}
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.err(TAG, "sending message failed", ex);
}
I submit a list of devices, and receive back a list of results.
The Result object doesn't contain the registration id, but only a canonical id if the first is obsolete.
It is undocumented if the two lists are co-related (ie. preserves order and size).
How can I be sure which result refer to which device?
-- UPDATE
I've pasted a snippet of the solution in a separate answer below

The results are in the order of your registration_id array that you sent to GCM server. e.g. if your registration_ids are:
[id1, id4, id7, id8]
Then the results array you get will have same order for id1, id4, id7, and id8.
You just need to parse each result accordingly, e.g. if the 2nd result has 'message_id' and 'registration_id' of 'id9', you know 'id4' is now obsolete and should be replaced by id9.

For the readers convenience, here is a snippet that handles response for multiple devices
public void sendMessageToMultipleDevices(String key, String value, ArrayList<String> devices) {
Sender sender = new Sender(myApiKey);
Message message = new Message.Builder().addData(key, value).build();
try {
MulticastResult result = sender.send(message, devices, 5);
MTLog.info(TAG, "result " + result.toString());
for (int i = 0; i < result.getTotal(); i++) {
Result r = result.getResults().get(i);
if (r.getMessageId() != null) {
String canonicalRegId = r.getCanonicalRegistrationId();
if (canonicalRegId != null) {
// devices.get(i) has more than on registration ID: update database
}
} else {
String error = r.getErrorCodeName();
if (error.equals(Constants.ERROR_NOT_REGISTERED)) {
// application has been removed from devices.get(i) - unregister database
}
}
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
MTLog.err(TAG, "sending message failed", ex);
}
}

This solution is done by google developer sample GCM Demo application
note the asyncSend for multicasting handle
List<GcmUsers> devices=SearchRegisterdDevicesByCourseCommand.execute(instructorId, courseId);
String status;
if ( devices.equals(Collections.<GcmUsers>emptyList())) {
status = "Message ignored as there is no device registered!";
} else {
// NOTE: check below is for demonstration purposes; a real application
// could always send a multicast, even for just one recipient
if (devices.size() == 1) {
// send a single message using plain post
GcmUsers gcmUsers = devices.get(0);
Message message = new Message.Builder().build();
Result result = sender.send(message, gcmUsers.getGcmRegid(), 5);
status = "Sent message to one device: " + result;
} else {
// send a multicast message using JSON
// must split in chunks of 1000 devices (GCM limit)
int total = devices.size();
List<String> partialDevices = new ArrayList<String>(total);
int counter = 0;
int tasks = 0;
for (GcmUsers device : devices) {
counter++;
partialDevices.add(device.getGcmRegid());
int partialSize = partialDevices.size();
if (partialSize == MULTICAST_SIZE || counter == total) {
asyncSend(partialDevices);
partialDevices.clear();
tasks++;
}
}
status = "Asynchronously sending " + tasks + " multicast messages to " +
total + " devices";
}
}
req.setAttribute(HomeServlet.ATTRIBUTE_STATUS, status.toString());
private void asyncSend(List<String> partialDevices) {
// make a copy
final List<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>(partialDevices);
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Message message = new Message.Builder().build();
MulticastResult multicastResult;
try {
multicastResult = sender.send(message, devices, 5);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error posting messages", e);
return;
}
List<Result> results = multicastResult.getResults();
// analyze the results
for (int i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
String regId = devices.get(i);
Result result = results.get(i);
String messageId = result.getMessageId();
if (messageId != null) {
logger.fine("Succesfully sent message to device: " + regId +
"; messageId = " + messageId);
String canonicalRegId = result.getCanonicalRegistrationId();
if (canonicalRegId != null) {
// same device has more than on registration id: update it
logger.info("canonicalRegId " + canonicalRegId);
Datastore.updateRegistration(regId, canonicalRegId);
}
} else {
String error = result.getErrorCodeName();
if (error.equals(Constants.ERROR_NOT_REGISTERED)) {
// application has been removed from device - unregister it
logger.info("Unregistered device: " + regId);
Datastore.unregister(regId);
} else {
logger.severe("Error sending message to " + regId + ": " + error);
}
}
}
}});
}