Develop Reference

Thread dosen't interrupted

I'm work on crate server and android client
but thread doesn't interrupted by android client
My android Client has request for the RoomList from server
and Server receive, Client Accept
and fill in my ListView used the Adapter
here's problem if Click backButton,
than RoomListAcitivity was close and thread was stop
but thread dosen't stop just alive in my app
first Enter has work on sucessfully
but Press BackButton on and re-Enter this Activity
MyApp just White, No Action
how can i stop this thread?
(and sorry for my English skill...)
i tried .interrupt() method , and handler.removeMessages(0)
but failed thread keep alive
upload this full java code just in case...
ListView roomList;
RoomAdapter roomAdapter;
Socketservice ss;
String msg,rtitle;
String msgs[];
String list[];
Thread listthread,EnterRoomThread,removeV;
boolean staterun = true;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_list_room);
roomList = findViewById(R.id.roomList);
roomAdapter = new RoomAdapter();
listthread = new Thread() {
public void run(){
ss.out.println("163|");
ss.out.println("100|");
try {
while (staterun == true) {
msg = ss.in.readLine();
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
msgs = msg.split("\\|");
String protocol = msgs[0];
switch (protocol) {
case "163":
list = msgs[1].split(",");
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
String list1[] = list[i].split("-");
String listT = list1[0];
int listC = Integer.parseInt(list1[1]);
int listI = Integer.parseInt(list1[2]);
roomAdapter.CreateRoom(listI, listT, listC);
}
roomList.setAdapter(roomAdapter);
msg = "";
msgs = null;
break;
case "200":
Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), GameWaitingActivity.class);
i.putExtra("tname", rtitle);
staterun = !staterun;
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),""+listthread.isAlive(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
startActivity(i);
finish();
break;
case "201":
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "방이 꽉 찼습니다.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
});
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
};
listthread.start();
roomList.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
#Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Room item = (Room) roomList.getItemAtPosition(position);
rtitle=item.getTitle();
EnterRoomThread = new Thread() {
public void run() {
ss.out.println("200|" + rtitle);
EnterRoomThread.interrupt();
}
};
EnterRoomThread.start();
}
});
}
Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
removeV = new Thread() {
public void run(){
ss.out.println("101|");
removeV.interrupt();
}
};
removeV.start();
handler.removeMessages(0);
staterun = false;
listthread.interrupt();
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),""+listthread.isAlive(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
}

Go ahead with this, write this inside run() method
//use this boolean value to keep track.
boolean shouldRunFlag = true;
while (shouldRunFlag) {
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
//Do your work............
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.v(TAG, "Interrupted Exception caught");
// change the flag, so that while loop can be broken.
shouldRunFlag = false;
Log.v(TAG, "run: breaking the loop");
break;
}
}
and this is how you interrupt and clean the thread
private void interrupt(Thread currentThread) {
Log.i(TAG, "interrupt");
if (currentThread != null) {
Thread dummyThread = currentThread;
dummyThread.interrupt();
currentThread = null;
}
}

BLE connected with Lollipop but not connected with Nougat

I'm new in android develop and I'm developing an app that transmit/receive data to a BLE module via Uart service.
With smartphone android 5.x.x the app works fine, it connects with the hardware and receive/transmit data.
With smartphone android 7.x.x the app doesn't connects.
Below you can see a snippet of MainActivity.java:
private final BroadcastReceiver UARTStatusChangeReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
final Intent mIntent = intent;
//*********************//
if (action.equals(UartService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED)) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Log.d(TAG, "HW_CONNECT_MSG");
DisconnectButton.setEnabled(true);
DeviceInfo.setText("Device Information:");
DeviceName.setText(mDevice.getName() + " - Connected");
mState = UART_PROFILE_CONNECTED;
isConnected = true;
if(isConnected) {
//Serial protocol to send command on MCU
Connectcmd[0] = (byte) STX;
Connectcmd[1] = (byte) 0x02;
Connectcmd[2] = (byte) 0x43; // 'C';
Connectcmd[3] = (byte) 0x54; // 'T'
Connectcmd[4] = (byte) ETX;
try {
//send data to UART service
SendData(Connectcmd);
sleep(500); // wait 500ms to send data
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Handler().postDelayed(mUpdateTimeTask, 2000);
}
else
{
isConnected = false;
}
}
});
}
It's seem that when SendData, the GATT operation is not yet finished. Smartphone show the message "Device doesn't support UART over BLE. Disconnecting..." due to action.equals(UartService.DEVICE_DOES_NOT_SUPPORT_BLE_UART).
If I delete the if(isConnected)...else... statement also smartphone with android 7.x.x will connects.
My question is what's happen and how can I resolve this issue?
My goal is to send a command to hardware via BLE so when the mcu is connected, a buzzer make a sound.
Thanks for help….
EDIT
Below you can find the whole MainActivity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener {
public static final String TAG = "DEBUG ";
public static final String DEV_NAME_FILTER = "";
private static final int REQUEST_SELECT_DEVICE = 1;
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 2;
private static final int UART_PROFILE_READY = 10;
private static final int UART_PROFILE_CONNECTED = 20;
public static final int UART_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED = 21;
private static final int STATE_OFF = 10;
private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION = 1;
TextView mRemoteRssiVal;
RadioGroup mRg;
private int mState = UART_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED;
private static UartService mService = null;
private static BluetoothDevice mDevice = null;
private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter = null;
private ListView messageListView;
private ArrayAdapter<String> listAdapter;
private Button SelectButton, DisconnectButton;
private EditText edtMessage;
private static Context context;
/**
* ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
* See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
*/
private GoogleApiClient client;
private static TextView DeviceInfo;
private static TextView DeviceName;
private static TextView Manufacturer;
public static boolean isConnected;
public static boolean isSetting;
public static boolean isReading;
public static boolean isManual;
public static boolean isFunctional;
public static boolean isBootloader;
public static byte[] SettingValues;
public static byte[] ReadingValues;
public static byte[] ManualValues;
public static byte[] FunctionalValues;
private static byte[] Connectcmd = new byte[5];
public static int STX = 0x3E; // '>'
public static int ETX = 0x23; // '#'
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
DeviceInfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.deviceInfo);
DeviceName = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.deviceName);
Manufacturer= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.manufacturer);
isConnected = false;
isSetting = false;
isReading = false;
isManual = false;
isFunctional = false;
isBootloader = false;
context = this;
//Enable location
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
// Android M Permission check
if (this.checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setTitle("This app needs location access");
builder.setMessage("Please grant location access so this app can detect beacons.");
builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, null);
builder.setOnDismissListener(new DialogInterface.OnDismissListener() {
#Override
#TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION);
}
});
builder.show();
}
}
mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (mBtAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth is not available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
finish();
return;
}
SelectButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
DisconnectButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.disconnect);
DisconnectButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//Serial protocol to send command on MCU
Connectcmd[0] = (byte) STX;
Connectcmd[1] = (byte) 0x02;
Connectcmd[2] = (byte) 0x44; // 'D';
Connectcmd[3] = (byte) 0x43; // 'C'
Connectcmd[4] = (byte) ETX;
try {
//send data to Banner service
SendData(Connectcmd);
sleep(500); // Wait 500ms to send data
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
MainActivity.disconnected();
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
finish();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Disconnect error");
}
}
});
// Handle Select device button
SelectButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!mBtAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Log.i(TAG, "onClick - BT not enabled yet");
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
} else {
if (SelectButton.getText().equals("SELECT CELU")) {
//Connect button pressed, open DeviceListActivity class, with popup windows that scan for devices
Log.i(TAG, "Push button CONNECT");
Intent newIntent = new Intent(context, DeviceListActivity.class);
((Activity) context).startActivityForResult(newIntent, MainActivity.REQUEST_SELECT_DEVICE);
} else {
//Disconnect button pressed
disconnected();
}
}
}
});
// Set initial UI state
// ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
// See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
client = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this).addApi(AppIndex.API).build();
}
//UART service connected/disconnected
private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder rawBinder) {
mService = ((UartService.LocalBinder) rawBinder).getService();
Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected mService= " + mService);
if (!mService.initialize()) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");
finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName classname) {
//// mService.disconnect(mDevice);
mService = null;
}
};
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
#Override
//Handler events that received from UART service
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
};
private final BroadcastReceiver UARTStatusChangeReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
final Intent mIntent = intent;
//*********************//
if (action.equals(UartService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED)) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
String currentDateTimeString = DateFormat.getTimeInstance().format(new Date());
Log.d(TAG, "CELU_CONNECT_MSG");
//btnConnectDisconnect.setText("Disconnect");
//edtMessage.setEnabled(true);
DisconnectButton.setEnabled(true);
DeviceInfo.setText("Device Information:");
DeviceName.setText(mDevice.getName() + " - Connected");
mState = UART_PROFILE_CONNECTED;
isConnected = true;
//IF COMMENTED THE APP CONNECTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
//ELSE IF NOT COMMENTED THE APP NEVER CONNECTS
/*if(isConnected) {
//Serial protocol to send command on MCU
Connectcmd[0] = (byte) STX;
Connectcmd[1] = (byte) 0x02;
Connectcmd[2] = (byte) 0x43; // 'C';
Connectcmd[3] = (byte) 0x54; // 'T'
Connectcmd[4] = (byte) ETX;
try {
//send data to UART service
SendData(Connectcmd);
sleep(500); // Wait 500ms to send data
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
new Handler().postDelayed(mUpdateTimeTask, 2000);
}
else
{
isConnected = false;
}*/
new Handler().postDelayed(mUpdateTimeTask, 2000);
}
});
}
//*********************//
if (action.equals(UartService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED)) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Log.d(TAG, "HW_DISCONNECT_MSG");
DisconnectButton.setEnabled(false);
DeviceName.setText("Not Connected");
mState = UART_PROFILE_DISCONNECTED;
mService.close();
//setUiState();
}
});
}
//Enable notifivcation on UART service//
if (action.equals(UartService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED)) {
mService.enableTXNotification();
}
//*********************//
if (action.equals(UartService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE)) {
final byte[] txValue = intent.getByteArrayExtra(UartService.EXTRA_DATA);
try {
ParsingPacket(txValue);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
}
}
//*********************//
if (action.equals(UartService.DEVICE_DOES_NOT_SUPPORT_BLE_UART)) {
showMessage("Device doesn't support UART over BLE Celu . Disconnecting");
mService.disconnect();
}
}
};
private static void ParsingPacket(byte[] packet) throws Exception {
if (packet.length == 0) {
// received empty packet
isConnected = false;
isSetting = false;
isReading = false;
isManual = false;
isFunctional = false;
isBootloader = false;
}
if(isSetting){
isSetting = false;
SettingValues = packet.clone();
String text = new String(SettingValues, "UTF-8");
Log.d(TAG, text);
}
if(isReading){
ReadingValues= packet;
ReadActivity.updateMeasure(ReadingValues);
//ReadActivity.addData(packet);
//String text = new String(ReadingValues, "UTF-8");
Log.d("Length ", String.format("%02d", (int) ReadingValues.length));
for(int i=0; i<ReadingValues.length; i++) {
String text = String.format("%02x", (int) ReadingValues[i]);
Log.d(TAG, text);
}
}
if(isManual){
isManual = false;
ManualValues = packet.clone();
String text = new String(ManualValues, "UTF-8");
Log.d(TAG, text);
}
if(isFunctional){
isFunctional = false;
FunctionalValues = packet.clone();
String text = new String(FunctionalValues, "UTF-8");
Log.d(TAG, text);
}
if(isBootloader){
isBootloader = false;
// do samething
}
}
private Runnable mUpdateTimeTask = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
if(DeviceName.getText()!="Not Connected") {
Intent connectedIntent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MenuActivity.class); //new Intent("com.antertech.mybleapplication.MenuActivity");
startActivity(connectedIntent);
}
}
};
private void service_init() {
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, UartService.class);
bindService(bindIntent, mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).registerReceiver(UARTStatusChangeReceiver, makeGattUpdateIntentFilter());
}
private static IntentFilter makeGattUpdateIntentFilter() {
final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(UartService.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED);
intentFilter.addAction(UartService.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED);
intentFilter.addAction(UartService.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
intentFilter.addAction(UartService.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE);
intentFilter.addAction(UartService.DEVICE_DOES_NOT_SUPPORT_BLE_UART);
return intentFilter;
}
#Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();// ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
// See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
client.connect();
// ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
// See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
AppIndex.AppIndexApi.start(client, getIndexApiAction());
}
#Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy()");
try {
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).unregisterReceiver(UARTStatusChangeReceiver);
} catch (Exception ignore) {
Log.e(TAG, ignore.toString());
}
unbindService(mServiceConnection);
mService.stopSelf();
mService = null;
}
#Override
protected void onStop() {
Log.d(TAG, "onStop");
super.onStop();// ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
// See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
AppIndex.AppIndexApi.end(client, getIndexApiAction());
// ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
// See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
client.disconnect();
}
#Override
protected void onPause() {
Log.d(TAG, "onPause");
super.onPause();
}
#Override
protected void onRestart() {
super.onRestart();
Log.d(TAG, "onRestart");
}
#Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
Log.d(TAG, "onResume");
if (!mBtAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Log.i(TAG, "onResume - BT not enabled yet");
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
}
#Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
}
#Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_SELECT_DEVICE:
//When the DeviceListActivity return, with the selected device address
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null) {
String deviceAddress = data.getStringExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
mDevice = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getRemoteDevice(deviceAddress);
Log.d(TAG, "... onActivityResultdevice.address==" + mDevice + " mserviceValue " + mService);
mService.connect(deviceAddress);
//setContentView(R.layout.activity_setting);
((TextView) findViewById(R.id.deviceName)).setText(mDevice.getName() + " - Connecting...");
}
break;
case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
// When the request to enable Bluetooth returns
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth has turned on ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
// User did not enable Bluetooth or an error occurred
Log.d(TAG, "BT not enabled");
Toast.makeText(this, "Problem in BT Turning ON ", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
Log.e(TAG, "wrong request code");
break;
}
}
#Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
}
public static void SendData(byte[] text) {
mService.writeRXCharacteristic(text);
Log.i(TAG, "Message send to Target");
}
public static void disconnected() {
if (mDevice != null) {
mService.disconnect();
Log.i(TAG, "Push Button DISCONNECT");
}
}
private void showMessage(String msg) {
Toast.makeText(this, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
#Override
public void onBackPressed() {
if (mState == UART_PROFILE_CONNECTED) {
Intent startMain = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
startMain.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
startMain.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
startActivity(startMain);
showMessage("CELU TPE running in background.\n Disconnect to exit");
} else {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert)
.setTitle(R.string.popup_title)
.setMessage(R.string.popup_message)
.setPositiveButton(R.string.popup_yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
finish();
}
})
.setNegativeButton(R.string.popup_no, null)
.show();
}
}
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[],
int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PERMISSION_REQUEST_COARSE_LOCATION: {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.d(TAG, "coarse location permission granted");
} else {
final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setTitle("Functionality limited");
builder.setMessage("Since location access has not been granted, this app will not be able to discover beacons when in the background.");
builder.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, null);
builder.setOnDismissListener(new DialogInterface.OnDismissListener() {
#Override
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
}
});
builder.show();
}
return;
}
}
}
/**
* ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to implement the App Indexing API.
* See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
*/
public Action getIndexApiAction() {
Thing object = new Thing.Builder()
.setName("Main Page") // TODO: Define a title for the content shown.
// TODO: Make sure this auto-generated URL is correct.
.setUrl(Uri.parse("http://[ENTER-YOUR-URL-HERE]"))
.build();
return new Action.Builder(Action.TYPE_VIEW)
.setObject(object)
.setActionStatus(Action.STATUS_TYPE_COMPLETED)
.build();
}
}

Allowing service time to start up

I wish to enable automatic login to my app, yet the problem that is arising is that the service is being started and bound after the automatic login features are being called:
04-28 20:21:09.061 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp I/PersonaManager﹕ getPersonaService() name persona_policy
04-28 20:21:09.081 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp V/AUTO LOGIN TEST﹕ Waiting... 1/5 # 268919454
04-28 20:21:14.086 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp V/AUTO LOGIN TEST﹕ Waiting... 2/5 # 268924454
04-28 20:21:19.081 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp V/AUTO LOGIN TEST﹕ Waiting... 3/5 # 268929454
04-28 20:21:24.096 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp I/PersonaManager﹕ getPersonaService() name persona_policy
04-28 20:21:24.176 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp V/TEST GCM Service Login﹕ Service is NULL
04-28 20:21:24.236 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/dalvikvm﹕ GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 244K, 17% free 6485K/7812K, paused 15ms, total 15ms
04-28 20:21:24.296 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/dalvikvm﹕ GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 1069K, 26% free 6881K/9260K, paused 9ms, total 10ms
04-28 20:21:24.376 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/libEGL﹕ loaded /system/lib/egl/libEGL_mali.so
04-28 20:21:24.381 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/libEGL﹕ loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv1_CM_mali.so
04-28 20:21:24.386 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/libEGL﹕ loaded /system/lib/egl/libGLESv2_mali.so
04-28 20:21:24.391 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp E/﹕ Device driver API match
Device driver API version: 23
User space API version: 23
04-28 20:21:24.391 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp E/﹕ mali: REVISION=Linux-r3p2-01rel3 BUILD_DATE=Mon Feb 10 15:44:10 KST 2014
04-28 20:21:24.446 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp D/OpenGLRenderer﹕ Enabling debug mode 0
04-28 20:21:24.506 5427-5427/com.example.feastapp V/Service﹕ The service is connected
I have the service startup in the extended application class to give the service time, yet it still starts after the auto log feature clause is called.
The loggingin class:
public class LoggingIn extends Activity {
protected static final int NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE = 0;
protected static final int FILL_BOTH_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD = 1;
public static final String AUTHENTICATION_FAILED = "0";
public static final String FRIEND_LIST = "FRIEND_LIST";
protected static final int MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT = 2;
protected static final int NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK = 3;
private EditText usernameText;
private EditText passwordText;
private JSONObject resultObject;
public static String userId = null;
private Manager imService;
public static final int SIGN_UP_ID = Menu.FIRST;
public static final int EXIT_APP_ID = Menu.FIRST + 1;
// For GCM
String regid;
GoogleCloudMessaging gcm;
AtomicInteger msgId = new AtomicInteger();
SharedPreferences prefs;
Context context;
public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "message";
public static final String PROPERTY_REG_ID = "registration_id";
private static final String PROPERTY_APP_VERSION = "appVersion";
private final static int PLAY_SERVICES_RESOLUTION_REQUEST = 9000;
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((MessagingService.IMBinder) service).getService();
Log.v("Service", "The service is connected");
if (imService.isUserAuthenticated() == true) {
// Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, ListOfFriends.class);
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
Log.v("Service", "The service is disconnected");
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(LoggingIn.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
/**
* Called when the activity is first created.
*/
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
/*
* Start and bind the imService
*/
bindService(new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MessagingService.class),
mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
// Initiate Volley:
final RequestQueue requestQueue = VolleySingleton.getsInstance().getRequestQueue();
//Remove title bar
this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
//Remove notification bar
this.getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
// For auto logging in:
if (!SaveSharedPreference.getUserName(getApplicationContext()).isEmpty()) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Log.v("AUTO LOGIN TEST",
"Waiting... " + (i + 1) + "/5 # "
+ SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
setContentView(R.layout.feast_loading_splash_page);
final String userName = SaveSharedPreference.getUserName(getApplicationContext());
final String password = SaveSharedPreference.getPassword(getApplicationContext());
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "SharedPref Username is " + userName + " and password " + password);
if (imService == null) {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "Service is NULL");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_service,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE);
//return;
} else if (imService.isNetworkConnected() == false) {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "imService.isNetworkConnected() == false");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_network,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK);
} else {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "When imService is not null: SharedPref Username is " + userName + " and password " + password);
Thread autoLoginThread = new Thread() {
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(
userName.trim(),
password.trim());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null
|| result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED)) {
/*
* Authenticatin failed, inform the user
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT);
}
});
} else { /*
* if result not equal to authentication failed,
* result is equal to friend and group list of
* the user 0: is for friends, 1: is for groups
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this,
MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
autoLoginThread.start();
}
}
setContentView(R.layout.loggin_in);
setContentView(R.layout.feast_login_page);
//setTitle("Login");
ImageButton loginButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button1);
// So don't need to log in manually, just click the button
usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);
passwordText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
loginButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View arg0) {
if (imService == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_service,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE);
return;
} else if (imService.isNetworkConnected() == false) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_network,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK);
} else if (usernameText.length() > 0
&& passwordText.length() > 0) {
Thread loginThread = new Thread() {
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(
usernameText.getText().toString().trim(),
passwordText.getText().toString().trim());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null
|| result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED)) {
/*
* Authenticatin failed, inform the user
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT);
}
});
} else {
/*
* if result not equal to authentication failed,
* result is equal to friend and group list of
* the user 0: is for friends, 1: is for groups
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
// If log in successful, then save
// username and password to shared
// preferences:
SaveSharedPreference.setUserName(
getApplicationContext(),
usernameText.getText()
.toString());
SaveSharedPreference.setPassword(
getApplicationContext(),
passwordText.getText()
.toString());
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this,
MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
loginThread.start();
} else {
/*
* Username or Password is not filled, alert the user
*/
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.fill_both_username_and_password,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(FILL_BOTH_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD);
}
// GET the users id!!
JsonObjectRequest getUserId = new JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.GET,
"http://" + Global.getFeastOnline() + "/getUserData/" + usernameText.getText().toString() + ".json", ((String) null),
new Response.Listener<JSONObject>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(JSONObject response) {
// Parse the JSON:
try {
resultObject = response.getJSONObject("userInfo");
userId = resultObject.getString("id");
Log.v("USER ID", "The user id is " + userId);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},
new Response.ErrorListener() {
#Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.d("Error.Response", error.toString());
}
});
requestQueue.add(getUserId);
}
});
}
#Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
int message = -1;
switch (id) {
case NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE:
message = R.string.not_connected_to_service;
break;
case FILL_BOTH_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD:
message = R.string.fill_both_username_and_password;
break;
case MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT:
message = R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct;
break;
case NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK:
message = R.string.not_connected_to_network;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (message == -1) {
return null;
} else {
return new AlertDialog.Builder(LoggingIn.this)
.setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton(R.string.OK,
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog,
int whichButton) {
/* User clicked OK so do some stuff */
}
}).create();
}
}
#Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
unbindService(mConnection);
}
#Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
bindService(new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MessagingService.class),
mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
#Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
boolean result = super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
menu.add(0, SIGN_UP_ID, 0, R.string.sign_up);
menu.add(0, EXIT_APP_ID, 0, R.string.exit_application);
return result;
}
#Override
public boolean onMenuItemSelected(int featureId, MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case SIGN_UP_ID:
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, SigningUp.class);
startActivity(i);
return true;
case EXIT_APP_ID:
return true;
}
return super.onMenuItemSelected(featureId, item);
}
}

I posted the auto login code within the ServiceConnection block. The issue was that the service is connected only after the onCreate block, therefore it was always NULL when calling anything against it.
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((MessagingService.IMBinder) service).getService();
Log.v("Service", "The service is connected");
// Allowing autologin!!**********************************************************
final String userName = SaveSharedPreference.getUserName(getApplicationContext());
final String password = SaveSharedPreference.getPassword(getApplicationContext());
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "SharedPref Username is " + userName + " and password " + password);
//Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "The value of imService is: " + imService.toString());
if (imService == null) {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "Service is NULL");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_service,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE);
//return;
} else if (imService.isNetworkConnected() == false) {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "imService.isNetworkConnected() == false");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_network,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK);
} else {
Log.v("TEST GCM Service Login", "When imService is not null: SharedPref Username is " + userName + " and password " + password);
Thread autoLoginThread = new Thread() {
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(
userName.trim(),
password.trim());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null
|| result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED)) {
/*
* Authenticatin failed, inform the user
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT);
}
});
} else { /*
* if result not equal to authentication failed,
* result is equal to friend and group list of
* the user 0: is for friends, 1: is for groups
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this,
MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
autoLoginThread.start();
}
if (imService.isUserAuthenticated() == true) {
// Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, ListOfFriends.class);
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
Log.v("Service", "The service is disconnected");
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(LoggingIn.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};

Automatic Login Always Returns Null

At present, the login of my app prompts a user with an input for username and password and then submission of a button to send the info to the service and my server:
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((MessagingService.IMBinder) service).getService();
if (imService.isUserAuthenticated() == true) {
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(LoggingIn.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
/*
* Start and bind the imService
*/
startService(new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MessagingService.class));
usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);
passwordText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
loginButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View arg0) {
if (imService == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_service,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_SERVICE);
return;
} else if (imService.isNetworkConnected() == false) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.not_connected_to_network,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(NOT_CONNECTED_TO_NETWORK);
} else if (usernameText.length() > 0
&& passwordText.length() > 0) {
Thread loginThread = new Thread() {
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(
usernameText.getText().toString().trim(),
passwordText.getText().toString().trim());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null
|| result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED)) {
/*
* Authenticatin failed, inform the user
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT);
}
});
} else {
/*
* if result not equal to authentication failed,
* result is equal to friend and group list of
* the user 0: is for friends, 1: is for groups
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
// If log in successful, then save
// username and password to shared
// preferences:
SaveSharedPreference.setUserName(
getApplicationContext(),
usernameText.getText()
.toString());
SaveSharedPreference.setPassword(
getApplicationContext(),
passwordText.getText()
.toString());
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this,
MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
loginThread.start();
} else {
/*
* Username or Password is not filled, alert the user
*/
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.fill_both_username_and_password,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(FILL_BOTH_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD);
}
}
});
Which works just fine. What I wish to implement is the automatic login of a user given they have already logged in and thus the username and password is stored in shared preferences.
So when they access the app again, it should auto log them in as:
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((MessagingService.IMBinder) service).getService();
if (imService.isUserAuthenticated() == true) {
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(LoggingIn.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
startService(new Intent(LoggingIn.this, MessagingService.class));
final String userName = SaveSharedPreference.getUserName(getApplicationContext());
final String password = SaveSharedPreference.getPassword(getApplicationContext());
Thread loginThread = new Thread() {
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(
userName.trim(),
password.trim());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null
|| result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED)) {
/*
* Authenticatin failed, inform the user
*/
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(
getApplicationContext(),
R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// showDialog(MAKE_SURE_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD_CORRECT);
}
});
} else {
handler.post(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Intent i = new Intent(LoggingIn.this,
MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
LoggingIn.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
loginThread.start();
The users info is successfully stored in shared preferences, but upon executing this code block, it always returns NullPointerException on line:
result = imService.authenticateUser(
userName.trim(),
password.trim());
In the try {} catch block.
I have attempted placing a timer within the app that perhaps the service does not have time to boot up, but even after 20+ sec that still does not work.
How can I get the automatic login work and not return?
UPDATE NOTE: private Manager imService; is an interface as:
public interface Manager {
public boolean isNetworkConnected();
public boolean isUserAuthenticated();
}

How to keep service alive even when I close the app?

I am new to android. I have developed a small chat application, which is having register page, login screen and friendslist screen. When the user register and login, he will be redirected to the friends list page. And it is working good. I used sharedpreference for once the user register second time they directly redirected to the friends list page. But here it is not I close my application.
Can anyone help me?
Thanks in advance.
This is my Registration.java
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((IMService.IMBinder)service).getService();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
// Because it is running in our same process, we should never
// see this happen.
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(SignUp.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.sign_up_screen);
setTitle("Sign up");
Button signUpButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.signUp);
Button cancelButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_signUp);
usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.userName);
passwordText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
passwordAgainText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.passwordAgain);
eMailText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.email);
SharedPreferences pref = getSharedPreferences("ActivityPREF", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
if(pref.getBoolean("activity_executed", false)){
Intent intent = new Intent(this, FriendList.class);
startActivity(intent);
finish();
} else {
Editor ed = pref.edit();
ed.putBoolean("activity_executed", true);
ed.putString("username", usernameText.getText().toString());
ed.putString("password", passwordText.getText().toString());
ed.commit();
}
signUpButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View arg0)
{
if (usernameText.length() > 0 &&
passwordText.length() > 0 &&
passwordAgainText.length() > 0 &&
eMailText.length() > 0
)
{
if (passwordText.getText().toString().equals(passwordAgainText.getText().toString())){
if (usernameText.length() >= 5 && passwordText.length() >= 5) {
Thread thread = new Thread(){
String result = new String();
#Override
public void run() {
result = imService.signUpUser(usernameText.getText().toString(),
passwordText.getText().toString(),
eMailText.getText().toString());
handler.post(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
if (result.equals(SERVER_RES_RES_SIGN_UP_SUCCESFULL)) {
/*editor.putString("register","true");
editor.commit();*/
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.signup_successfull, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
startActivity(new Intent (SignUp.this, Login.class));
SignUp.this.finish();
}
else if (result.equals(SERVER_RES_SIGN_UP_USERNAME_CRASHED)){
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.signup_username_crashed, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//showDialog(SIGN_UP_USERNAME_CRASHED);
}
else //if (result.equals(SERVER_RES_SIGN_UP_FAILED))
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.signup_failed, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
});
}
};
thread.start();
}
else{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.username_and_password_length_short, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.signup_type_same_password_in_password_fields, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
//showDialog(TYPE_SAME_PASSWORD_IN_PASSWORD_FIELDS);
}
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.signup_fill_all_fields, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
});
}
This is Login.java
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
imService = ((IMService.IMBinder)service).getService();
if (imService.isUserAuthenticated() == true)
{
Intent i = new Intent(Login.this, FriendList.class);
startActivity(i);
Login.this.finish();
}
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
imService = null;
Toast.makeText(Login.this, R.string.local_service_stopped,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
startService(new Intent(Login.this, IMService.class));
setContentView(R.layout.login_screen);
setTitle("Login");
Button loginButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login);
cancelButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.cancel_login);
usernameText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.userName);
passwordText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
loginButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View arg0)
{
if (imService == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.not_connected_to_service, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
else if (imService.isNetworkConnected() == false)
{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.not_connected_to_network, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else if (usernameText.length() > 0 &&
passwordText.length() > 0)
{
Thread loginThread = new Thread(){
private Handler handler = new Handler();
#Override
public void run() {
String result = null;
try {
result = imService.authenticateUser(usernameText.getText().toString(), passwordText.getText().toString());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (result == null || result.equals(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED))
{
handler.post(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.make_sure_username_and_password_correct, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
}
else {
handler.post(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
Intent i = new Intent(Login.this, FriendList.class);
//i.putExtra(FRIEND_LIST, result);
startActivity(i);
Login.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
};
loginThread.start();
}
else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.fill_both_username_and_password, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
});
cancelButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
public void onClick(View arg0)
{
imService.exit();
finish();
}
});
}

Maybe the 'foreground' service is what you want.
http://developer.android.com/guide/components/services.html#Foreground
A foreground service is a service that's considered to be something
the user is actively aware of and thus not a candidate for the system
to kill when low on memory. A foreground service must provide a
notification for the status bar, which is placed under the "Ongoing"
heading, which means that the notification cannot be dismissed unless
the service is either stopped or removed from the foreground.
For example, a music player that plays music from a service should be set to run in the foreground, because the user is explicitly aware
of its operation...