Develop Reference

Cannot make widgets scrollable

I want to create a list of image buttons and i added 3 of them but only two are visible and i want to make them scrollable. I tried using ScrollView but it still doesnt work. I also tried replacing RelativeLayout in the first line with ScrollView but the app started to crash.
Here's the xml file:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#drawable/back"
tools:context=".home">
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="#drawable/download"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="230dp">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:src="#drawable/geo" />
</RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="4300dp">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:src="#drawable/images"
android:contentDescription="TODO" />
</RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>

Make the width and height of first scroll view as wrap content .If it doesn't work then
Make only a single scroll view.Then make a Linear layout as its child and in linear layout having vertical orientation add your 3 image buttons.

Fill whole screen scrollview android

I have a problem to fill the whole screen with a scrollview.
How do I make the scrollview cover the whole screen width and screenheight? I tried with fillviewport but that that works for the screenheight.
I am not sure if its the scrollview or its parent (FrameLayout) that is the problem?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:fillViewport="true">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/img1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:contentDescription="img1"/>
<TextView
android:id="#+id/text_img1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:visibility="gone"
/>
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/img2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:contentDescription="img2"/>
<TextView
android:id="#+id/text_img2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:visibility="gone"
/>
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/img3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:contentDescription="img3"/>
<TextView
android:id="#+id/text_img3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:visibility="gone"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

change your ScrollView and LinearLayout like this
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" >

Change your <ScrollView> from wrap_content to match_parent.
Example:
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="center">
Also, you should be using match_parent instead of fill_parent in API 8+.
EDIT:
After talking a bit in the comments, OP and I discovered that the FrameLayout's default background is transparent, which means you can see the old view underneath.
Using a LinearLayout or really anything instead of a FrameLayout will fix this problem.

Other answers are going in the right direction but your main problem is probably due to the fact that it's a Dialog.
First of all make sure your Dialog is borderless. You can use one of approaches proposed here (not to duplicate answers).

Android: Correctly position buttons inside layout

I have a following layout :
<LinearLayout //container, should adjust height based on CONTENT view height
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:clickable="false"
android:padding="20dp">
<RelativeLayout //this is the CONTENT view height
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="5">....</RelativeLayout>
...
<RelativeLayout //this is the button layout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2">
<Button android:layout_width="40sp" android:layout_height="40sp"/>
<Button android:layout_width="40sp" android:layout_height="40sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
I want the height of the container (LinearLayout) to be adjusted to contain all the views in the RelativeLayout (shown on the left, let's call it CONTAINER).
Then, there are two buttons in the RelativeLayout (shown on the right). I need to align them on top and bottom borders of RelativeLayot, correspondingly. What's really important, is that the height of the buttons' container should be the same (should correspond) to the height of the CONTAINER.
The problem is, if I try to use android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" and android:layout_alignParentTop="true" attributes for the buttons, they will stretch the container height, and it will take the whole screen height.
So, what magic should I use to do the trick? :)

Try to align your right relative layout top and bottom to the left one.
Try something like this:
<RelativeLayout //container, should adjust height based on CONTENT view height
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:clickable="false"
android:padding="20dp">
<RelativeLayout //this is the CONTENT view height
android:id="#+id/contentRL"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="5"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true">....</RelativeLayout>
...
<RelativeLayout //this is the button layout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:layout_alignTop="#id/contentRL"
android:layout_alignBottom="#id/contentRL"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true">
<Button android:layout_width="40sp"
android:layout_height="40sp"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"/>
<Button android:layout_width="40sp"
android:layout_height="40sp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>

Use this
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:clickable="false"
android:padding="20dp">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="5"></RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="2">
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"/>
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

Ok, based on a hint provided by Damien R. above I successfully accomplished the task by doing following:
Use RelativeLayout as a root with paramters layout_width="wrap_content", layout_height="wrap_content"
Use LinearLayout as a "wrapper" around container RelativeLayouts. This is because I need to lay out these containers using layout_weight attribute.
RelativeLayout layout_height should be fill_parent. No need to use android:layout_alignBottom="#id/..." and android:layout_alignBottom="#id/..." in the RelativeLayout attributes. This will only work if RelativeLayout is a child View of another RelativeLayout, and that's not the case, because I need to use LinearLayout's weight
The code is:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:baselineAligned="false"
android:clickable="false"
android:padding="10dp">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#drawable/ticketbackground"
android:id="#+id/ticket_layout"
>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="#+id/contentRL"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="5"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true">
</RelativeLayout>
<!--second column-->
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="3">
...
</RelativeLayout>
<!--third column with buttons-->
<RelativeLayout
android:id="#+id/sdfsdf"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="2">
<Button...
android:layout_alignParentTop="true" />
<Button...
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

no gravity for scrollview. how to make content inside scrollview as center

I want the content inside the scrollView as center.
<ScrollView
android:id="#+id/scroller"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:paddingTop="12dp"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay"
android:layout_gravity="center" >
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="check"
android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"/>
</ScrollView>
Note: there is no android:gravity attribute for scrollvew.
any sol:-

I had the same issue and finally figured it out. This is for a vertical ScrollView.
Put your ScrollView inside a RelativeLayout and center it in the RelativeLayout. In order for this to work, your ScrollView should have
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
This is how the final code should look like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<ScrollView
android:id="#+id/scrollView1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerVertical="true" >
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:id="#+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="b1"/>
<Button
android:id="#+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="b2"/>
<Button
android:id="#+id/button3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="b3"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
</RelativeLayout>

How about this?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/scrollView1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:paddingTop="12dp"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay" >
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center">
<Button
android:id="#+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="check"
android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

I think a more elegant solution would be to use the ScrollView's android:fillViewport property. A ScrollView is a little different in how it treats it's content view (can only have one), even if you set match_parent (fill_parent) to the ScrollView it won't give that much spacing to it's content view, instead the default behavior is for the ScrollView to wrap the content regardless of what you specify for that view. What android:fillViewport does is tell the ScrollViewto stretch its content to fill the viewport (http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/ScrollView.html#attr_android:fillViewport). So in this case, your LinearLayout would be stretched to match the viewport and if the height goes behind the viewport then it will be scrollable which is exactly what you want!
The accepted answer won't work properly when the content extends beyond the ScrollView because it will still center the content view first causing it to cut off a portion of the view, and the ScrollView centered in another layout works but just doesn't feel right, besides I think it will also result in a lint error (useless parent or something along those lines).
Try something like this:
<ScrollView
android:id="#+id/scroller"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:paddingTop="12dp"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay"
android:fillViewport="true">
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center">
<Button
android:id="#+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="check" />
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
Just remember that the reason it is being centered here now is because of the android:gravity on the LinearLayout since the ScrollView will stretch the LinearLayout so keep that in mind depending on what you add to the layout.
Another good read on ScrollView although not about centering but about fillViewport is http://www.curious-creature.org/2010/08/15/scrollviews-handy-trick/

Use this attribute in ScrollView
android:fillViewport="true"
Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay"
android:fillViewport="true"
>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<!--Your Code goes here-->
</RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>
Make sure to use Single Child in ScrollView just like in above example which is Relativelayout.

For #Patrick_Boss - what stopped the content from cutting of in my application was to change the gravity and layout_gravity to center_horizontal for the LinearLayout.
It worked for me...but not sure if it will work for you.
Modification of #Ghost's answer -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/scrollView1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:paddingTop="12dp"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:scrollbarStyle="outsideOverlay" >
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:gravity="center_horizontal">
<Button
android:id="#+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="check"
android:gravity="center_vertical|center_horizontal"/>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

One thing to consider is what NOT to set. Make certain your child controls, especially EditText controls, do not have the RequestFocus property set.
This may be one of the last interpreted properties on the layout and it will override gravity settings on its parents (layout or ScrollView).

using the scroll view inside the ConstraintLayout. It is worked for me
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#android:color/white">
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" />
</ScrollView>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
Scroll view height should be wrap_content
<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"

How do I align views at the bottom of the screen?

Here's my layout code;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:text="#string/welcome"
android:id="#+id/TextView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</TextView>
<LinearLayout android:id="#+id/LinearLayout"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="bottom">
<EditText android:id="#+id/EditText"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</EditText>
<Button android:text="#string/label_submit_button"
android:id="#+id/Button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</Button>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
What this looks like is on the left and what I want it to look like is on the right.
The obvious answer is to set the TextView to fill_parent on height, but this causes no room to be left for the button or entry field.
Essentially the issue is that I want the submit button and the text entry to be a fixed height at the bottom and the text view to fill the rest of the space. Similarly, in the horizontal linear layout I want the submit button to wrap its content and for the text entry to fill the rest of the space.
If the first item in a linear layout is told to fill_parent it does exactly that, leaving no room for other items. How do I get an item which is first in a linear layout to fill all space apart from the minimum required by the rest of the items in the layout?
Relative layouts were indeed the answer:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:text="#string/welcome"
android:id="#+id/TextView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true">
</TextView>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="#+id/InnerRelativeLayout"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" >
<Button
android:text="#string/label_submit_button"
android:id="#+id/Button"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</Button>
<EditText
android:id="#+id/EditText"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_toLeftOf="#id/Button"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</EditText>
</RelativeLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

The modern way to do this is to have a ConstraintLayout and constrain the bottom of the view to the bottom of the ConstraintLayout with app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
The example below creates a FloatingActionButton that will be aligned to the end and the bottom of the screen.
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
For reference, I will keep my old answer.
Before the introduction of ConstraintLayout the answer was a relative layout.
If you have a relative layout that fills the whole screen you should be able to use android:layout_alignParentBottom to move the button to the bottom of the screen.
If your views at the bottom are not shown in a relative layout then maybe the layout above it takes all the space. In this case you can put the view, that should be at the bottom, first in your layout file and position the rest of the layout above the views with android:layout_above. This enables the bottom view to take as much space as it needs, and the rest of the layout can fill all the rest of the screen.

In a ScrollView this doesn't work, as the RelativeLayout would then overlap whatever is in the ScrollView at the bottom of the page.
I fixed it using a dynamically stretching FrameLayout :
<ScrollView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:fillViewport="true">
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/LinearLayout01"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- content goes here -->
<!-- stretching frame layout, using layout_weight -->
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1">
</FrameLayout>
<!-- content fixated to the bottom of the screen -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<!-- your bottom content -->
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

You can keep your initial linear layout by nesting the relative layout within the linear layout:
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:text="welcome"
android:id="#+id/TextView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</TextView>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<Button android:text="submit"
android:id="#+id/Button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true">
</Button>
<EditText android:id="#+id/EditText"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toLeftOf="#id/Button"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true">
</EditText>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

The answer above (by Janusz) is quite correct, but I personnally don't feel 100% confortable with RelativeLayouts, so I prefer to introduce a 'filler', empty TextView, like this:
<!-- filler -->
<TextView android:layout_height="0dip"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" />
before the element that should be at the bottom of the screen.

You can do this with a LinearLayout or a ScrollView, too. Sometimes it is easier to implement than a RelativeLayout. The only thing you need to do is to add the following view before the Views you want to align to the bottom of the screen:
<View
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1" />
This creates an empty view, filling the empty space and pushing the next views to the bottom of the screen.

1. Use ConstraintLayout in your root Layout
And set app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" to let the Layout on the bottom of the screen:
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/LinearLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent">
</LinearLayout>
2. Use FrameLayout in your root Layout
Just set android:layout_gravity="bottom" in your layout
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/LinearLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
android:orientation="horizontal">
</LinearLayout>
3. Use LinearLayout in your root Layout (android:orientation="vertical")
(1) Set a layout android:layout_weight="1" on the top of the your Layout
<TextView
android:id="#+id/TextView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="welcome" />
(2) Set the child LinearLayout for android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:gravity="bottom"
The main attribute is ndroid:gravity="bottom", let the child View on the bottom of Layout.
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/LinearLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="bottom"
android:orientation="horizontal">
</LinearLayout>
4. Use RelativeLayout in the root Layout
And set android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" to let the Layout on the bottom of the screen
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/LinearLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:orientation="horizontal">
</LinearLayout>
Output

This also works.
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/linearLayout4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_below="#+id/linearLayout3"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:gravity="bottom"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
>
<Button
android:id="#+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Button"
/>
<Button
android:id="#+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Button"
/>
</LinearLayout>

Following up on Timores's elegant solution, I have found that the following creates a vertical fill in a vertical LinearLayout and a horizontal fill in a horizontal LinearLayout:
<Space
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1" />

You don't even need to nest the second relative layout inside the first one. Simply use the android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" in the Button and EditText.

If you don't wish to make many changes, then you could just put:
android:layout_weight="1"
for the TextView having ID as #+id/TextView i.e
<TextView android:text="#string/welcome"
android:id="#+id/TextView"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1">
</TextView>

Creating both header and footer, here is an example:
Layout XML
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="#color/backgroundcolor"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:background="#FF0000">
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="#FFFF00">
</RelativeLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
Screenshot

For a case like this, always use RelativeLayouts. A LinearLayout is not intended for such a usage.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/db1_root"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- Place your layout here -->
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:paddingLeft="20dp"
android:paddingRight="20dp" >
<Button
android:id="#+id/setup_macroSavebtn"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Save" />
<Button
android:id="#+id/setup_macroCancelbtn"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="Cancel" />
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

Use the below code. Align the button to buttom. It's working.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<Button
android:id="#+id/btn_back"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:text="Back" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="0.97"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Payment Page" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<EditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Submit"/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

Use android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" in your <RelativeLayout>.
This will definitely help.

In case you have a hierarchy like this:
<ScrollView>
|-- <RelativeLayout>
|-- <LinearLayout>
First, apply android:fillViewport="true" to the ScrollView and then apply android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" to the LinearLayout.
This worked for me perfectly.
<ScrollView
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:scrollbars="none"
android:fillViewport="true">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:id="#+id/linearLayoutHorizontal"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true">
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
</ScrollView>

You can just give your top child view (the TextView #+id/TextView) an attribute:
android:layout_weight="1".
This will force all other elements below it to the bottom.

This can be done with a linear layout too.
Just provide Height = 0dp and weight = 1 to the layout above and the one you want in the bottom. Just write height = wrap content and no weight.
It provides wrap content for the layout (the one that contains your edit text and button) and then the one that has weight occupies the rest of the layout.
I discovered this by accident.

I used the solution Janusz posted, but I added padding to the last View since the top part of my layout was a ScrollView.
The ScrollView will be partly hidden as it grows with content. Using android:paddingBottom on the last View helps show all the content in the ScrollView.