This question might have been asked earlier, but could not get any clear answer. I basically do not want and client interactions with the updates and other stuff, all they can see is the app running and they are happy. But for this to do I need some background thread or something that checks the market for a new update and updates it in the behind and after applying the update reboot the app.
P.S. I am totally new to android development so really sorry if I am sounding crazy, but this is my requirement
You can not update (or install) an app without user-interaction, unless
You're a system app (custom ROM)
Your device is rooted and your updater has root privileges.
Further, there is no official API available to check the version of an app available in the Google Play store.
You can achieve some of what you are trying to do by keeping track of the current version outside of Google Play and then prompting to update the user by launching the market link. If you do that from a secondary app, you can even wait for the update to be complete and then re-launch the app.
In practice, you can't do silent installs/updates without user-interaction, and that's a Good Thing (tm), for the reasons that the first couple of commenters have stated.
AFAIK, it is possible if you have root access, the process is like following:
Your app is in /system/app folder (as a system app)
You need following permissions:
android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES
android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE
android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS
Your app must be signed with system signature
java -jar signapk.jar platform.x509.pem platform.pk8 helloworld.apk hello.apk
Check for updates in a background thread and download updated .apk file to a temporary place, e.g apk_path
Execute pm install apk_path command programmatically, below is a snippet:
public String silentInstallation(String apkPath)
{
String[] args = { "pm", "install", "-r", apkPath };
ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(args);
Process process = null;
InputStream errIs = null;
InputStream inIs = null;
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int read = -1;
process = processBuilder.start();
errIs = process.getErrorStream();
while ((read = errIs.read()) != -1) {
baos.write(read);
}
baos.write('\n');
inIs = process.getInputStream();
while ((read = inIs.read()) != -1) {
baos.write(read);
}
byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
result = new String(data);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (errIs != null) {
errIs.close();
}
if (inIs != null) {
inIs.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (process != null) {
process.destroy();
}
}
return result;
}
Hope it helps.
UPDATE There are a number of other posts asking how to get a Screenshot in android but none seemed to have a full answer of how to do so. Originally I posted this as a question due to a particular issue I was running into while attempting to open a stream to the Frame Buffer. Now I've swapped over to dumping the Frame Buffer to a file so I've updated my post to show how I got there. For reference (and acknowledgement), I found the command to send the FrameBuffer to a file from this post (unfortunately he didn't provide how he got to that point). I'm just missing how to turn the raw data I pulled from the Frame Buffer into an actual image file.
My intention was to take a full dump of the actual screen on an Android Device. The only way I could find to do so without using the adb bridge was to directly access the Frame Buffer of the system. Obviously this approach will require root privileges on the device and for the app running it! Fortunately for my purposes I have control over how the Device is set up and having the device rooted with root privileges provided to my application is feasible. My testing is currently being done on an old Droid running 2.2.3.
I found my first hints of how to approach it from https://stackoverflow.com/a/6970338/1446554. After a bit more research I found another article that describes how to properly run shell commands as root. They were using it to execute a reboot, I use it to send the current frame buffer to an actual file. My current testing has only gotten as far as doing this via ADB and in a basic Activity (each being provided root). I will be doing further testing from a Service running in the background, updates to come! Here is my entire test activity that can export the current screen to a file:
public class ScreenshotterActivity extends Activity {
public static final String TAG = "ScreenShotter";
private Button _SSButton;
private PullScreenAsyncTask _Puller;
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
_SSButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.main_screenshotButton);
_SSButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (_Puller != null)
return;
//TODO: Verify that external storage is available! Could always use internal instead...
_Puller = new PullScreenAsyncTask();
_Puller.execute((Void[])null);
}
});
}
private void runSuShellCommand(String cmd) {
Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process proc = null;
OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
StringBuilder sbstdOut = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder sbstdErr = new StringBuilder();
try { // Run Script
proc = runtime.exec("su");
osw = new OutputStreamWriter(proc.getOutputStream());
osw.write(cmd);
osw.flush();
osw.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (osw != null) {
try {
osw.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
try {
if (proc != null)
proc.waitFor();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sbstdOut.append(readBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(proc.getInputStream())));
sbstdErr.append(readBufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(proc.getErrorStream())));
}
private String readBufferedReader(InputStreamReader input) {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(input);
StringBuilder found = new StringBuilder();
String currLine = null;
String sep = System.getProperty("line.separator");
try {
// Read it all in, line by line.
while ((currLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
found.append(currLine);
found.append(sep);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
class PullScreenAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
#Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
File ssDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "/screenshots");
if (ssDir.exists() == false) {
Log.i(TAG, "Screenshot directory doesn't already exist, creating...");
if (ssDir.mkdirs() == false) {
//TODO: We're kinda screwed... what can be done?
Log.w(TAG, "Failed to create directory structure necessary to work with screenshots!");
return null;
}
}
File ss = new File(ssDir, "ss.raw");
if (ss.exists() == true) {
ss.delete();
Log.i(TAG, "Deleted old Screenshot file.");
}
String cmd = "/system/bin/cat /dev/graphics/fb0 > "+ ss.getAbsolutePath();
runSuShellCommand(cmd);
return null;
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
_Puller = null;
}
}
}
This also requires adding the android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission to the Manifest. As suggested in this post. Otherwise it runs, doesn't complain, doesn't create the directories nor the file.
Originally I couldn't get usable data from the Frame Buffer due to not understanding how to properly run shell commands. Now that I've swapped to using the streams for executing commands I can use '>' to send the Frame Buffer's current data to an actual file...
Programmatically you can run "adb shell /system/bin/screencap -p /sdcard/img.png" as below :
Process sh = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su", null,null);
OutputStream os = sh.getOutputStream();
os.write(("/system/bin/screencap -p " + "/sdcard/img.png").getBytes("ASCII"));
os.flush();
os.close();
sh.waitFor();
An easy solution for ICS devices is to use the following from the command line
adb shell /system/bin/screencap -p /sdcard/screenshot.png
adb pull /sdcard/screenshot.png screenshot.png
This'll save the screenshot.png file in the current directory.
Tested on a Samsung Galaxy SII running 4.0.3.
That would be different for different phones. It depends on the underlying graphics format of your device. You can poll what the graphics format is using system calls. If you are only going to run this on devices that you know the graphics format of you can write a converter that turns it into a known format.
You can have a look at the following project: http://code.google.com/p/android-fb2png/
If you look at the source code for fb2png.c you can see that they poll FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO which contains info about how the device stores the screen image in memory. Once you know that, you should be able to convert it into a format you can use.
I hope this helps.
I am trying to silently install apk into the system.
My app is located in /system/app and successfully granted permission "android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES"
However I can't find anywhere how to use this permission. I tried to copy files to /data/app and had no success. Also I tried using this code
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setDataAndType(
Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/app.apk"),
"application/vnd.android.package-archive");
startActivity(intent);
But this code opens standard installation dialog. How can I install app silently without root with granted android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES?
PS I am writing an app that will install many apks from folder into the system on the first start (replace Setup Wizard). I need it to make firmware lighter.
If you think that I am writing a virus: All programs are installed into /data/app. Permission Install_packages can only be granted to system-level programs located in /system/app or signed with the system key. So virus can't get there.
As said http://www.mail-archive.com/android-porting#googlegroups.com/msg06281.html apps CAN be silent installed if they have install_packages permission. Moreover you don't need Install_packages permission to install packages not silently. Plus http://www.androidzoom.com/android_applications/tools/silent-installer_wgqi.html
Your first bet is to look into Android's native PackageInstaller. I would recommend modifying that app the way you like, or just extract required functionality.
Specifically, if you look into PackageInstallerActivity and its method onClickListener:
public void onClick(View v) {
if(v == mOk) {
// Start subactivity to actually install the application
Intent newIntent = new Intent();
...
newIntent.setClass(this, InstallAppProgress.class);
...
startActivity(newIntent);
finish();
} else if(v == mCancel) {
// Cancel and finish
finish();
}
}
Then you'll notice that actual installer is located in InstallAppProgress class. Inspecting that class you'll find that initView is the core installer function, and the final thing it does is call to PackageManager's installPackage function:
public void initView() {
...
pm.installPackage(mPackageURI, observer, installFlags, installerPackageName);
}
Next step is to inspect PackageManager, which is abstract class. You'll find installPackage(...) function there. The bad news is that it's marked with #hide. This means it's not directly available (you won't be able to compile with call to this method).
/**
* #hide
* ....
*/
public abstract void installPackage(Uri packageURI,
IPackageInstallObserver observer,
int flags,String installerPackageName);
But you will be able to access this methods via reflection.
If you are interested in how PackageManager's installPackage function is implemented, take a look at PackageManagerService.
Summary
You'll need to get package manager object via Context's getPackageManager(). Then you will call installPackage function via reflection.
I have been implementing installation without user consent recently - it was a kiosk application for API level 21+ where I had full control over environment.
The basic requirements are
API level 21+
root access to install the updater as a system privileged app.
The following method reads and installs APK from InputStream:
public static boolean installPackage(Context context, InputStream in, String packageName)
throws IOException {
PackageInstaller packageInstaller = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInstaller();
PackageInstaller.SessionParams params = new PackageInstaller.SessionParams(
PackageInstaller.SessionParams.MODE_FULL_INSTALL);
params.setAppPackageName(packageName);
// set params
int sessionId = packageInstaller.createSession(params);
PackageInstaller.Session session = packageInstaller.openSession(sessionId);
OutputStream out = session.openWrite("COSU", 0, -1);
byte[] buffer = new byte[65536];
int c;
while ((c = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, c);
}
session.fsync(out);
in.close();
out.close();
Intent intent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("info", "somedata"); // for extra data if needed..
Random generator = new Random();
PendingIntent i = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, generator.nextInt(), intent,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
session.commit(i.getIntentSender());
return true;
}
The following code calls the installation
try {
InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.someapk_source);
installPackage(MainActivity.this, is, "com.example.apk");
} catch (IOException e) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
for the whole thing to work you desperately need INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, or the code above will fail silently
<uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
to get this permission you must install your APK as System application which REQUIRES root (however AFTER you have installed your updater application it seem to work WITHOUT root)
To install as system application I created a signed APK and pushed it with
adb push updater.apk /sdcard/updater.apk
and then moved it to system/priv-app - which requires remounting FS (this is why the root is required)
adb shell
su
mount -o rw,remount /system
mv /sdcard/updater.apk /system/priv-app
chmod 644 /system/priv-app/updater.apk
for some reason it didn't work with simple debug version, but logcat shows useful info if your application in priv-app is not picked up for some reason.
I have checked how ADB installs apps.
- It copies the APK to /data/local/tmp
- it runs 'shell:pm install /data/local/tmp/app.apk'
I have tried to replicate this behaviour by doing: (on pc, using usb-cable)
adb push app.apk /sdcard/app.apk
adb shell
$ pm install /sdcard/app.apk
This works. The app is installed.
I made an application (named AppInstall) which should install the other app.
(installed normally, non-rooted device)
It does:
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("pm install /sdcard/app.apk").waitFor();
But this gives the error:
java.lang.SecurityException: Neither user 10019 nor current process has android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES.
It seems like the error is thrown by pm, not by AppInstall.
Because the SecurityException is not catched by AppInstall and the app does not crash.
I've tried the same thing on a rooted device (same app and AppInstall) and it worked like a charm.
(Also normally installed, not in /system or anything)
AppInstall didn't even ask root-permission.
But thats because the shell is always # instead of $ on that device.
Btw, you need root to install an app in /system, correct?
I tried adb remount on the non-rooted device and got:
remount failed: Operation not permitted.
That's why I could not try the /system thing on the non-rooted device.
Conclusion: you should use a rooted device
Hope this helps :)
You should define
<uses-permission
android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
in your manifest, then if whether you are in system partition (/system/app) or you have your application signed by the manufacturer, you are going to have INSTALL_PACKAGES permission.
My suggestion is to create a little android project with 1.5 compatibility level used to call installPackages via reflection and to export a jar with methods to install packages and to call the real methods.
Then, by importing the jar in your project you will be ready to install packages.
I tried on rooted Android 4.2.2 and this method works for me:
private void installApk(String filename) {
File file = new File(filename);
if(file.exists()){
try {
final String command = "pm install -r " + file.getAbsolutePath();
Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "su", "-c", command });
proc.waitFor();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
I had no idea of how to do this, because nobody answered that time, and I found no documentation about this permission. So I found my own solution. It is worser that yours, but this is a solution anyway.
I installed busybox, that set 777 permission to /data/app (I dont care about security). Then just executed "busybox install" from app. This works, but has a big security leak. If you set permissions 777, no root required.
You can use the hidden API android.content.pm.IPackageInstallObserver by reflection:
public class PackageManagement {
public static final int INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING = 0x00000002;
public static final int INSTALL_SUCCEEDED = 1;
private static Method installPackageMethod;
private static Method deletePackageMethod;
static {
try {
installPackageMethod = PackageManager.class.getMethod("installPackage", Uri.class, IPackageInstallObserver.class, Integer.TYPE, String.class);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void installPackage(PackageManager pm, Uri mPackageUri, IPackageInstallObserver observer, int installFlags, String installerPackageName) {
try {
installPackageMethod.invoke(pm, mPackageUri, observer, installFlags, installerPackageName);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Import android.content.pm.IPackageInstallObserver into your project. Your app must be system. You must activate the permission android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES in your manifest file.
You can simply use adb install command to install/update APK silently. Sample code is below
public static void InstallAPK(String filename){
File file = new File(filename);
if(file.exists()){
try {
String command;
filename = StringUtil.insertEscape(filename);
command = "adb install -r " + filename;
Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "su", "-c", command });
proc.waitFor();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
I checked all the answers, the conclusion seems to be you must have root access to the device first to make it work.
But then I found these articles very useful. Since I'm making "company-owned" devices.
How to Update Android App Silently Without User Interaction
Android Device Owner - Minimal App
Here is google's the documentation about "managed-device"
Fully managed device
Prerequisite:
Your APK needs to be signed by system as correctly pointed out earlier. One way to achieve that is building the AOSP image yourself and adding the source code into the build.
Code:
Once installed as a system app, you can use the package manager methods to install and uninstall an APK as following:
Install:
public boolean install(final String apkPath, final Context context) {
Log.d(TAG, "Installing apk at " + apkPath);
try {
final Uri apkUri = Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath));
final String installerPackageName = "MyInstaller";
context.getPackageManager().installPackage(apkUri, installObserver, PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING, installerPackageName);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
Uninstall:
public boolean uninstall(final String packageName, final Context context) {
Log.d(TAG, "Uninstalling package " + packageName);
try {
context.getPackageManager().deletePackage(packageName, deleteObserver, PackageManager.DELETE_ALL_USERS);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
To have a callback once your APK is installed/uninstalled you can use this:
/**
* Callback after a package was installed be it success or failure.
*/
private class InstallObserver implements IPackageInstallObserver {
#Override
public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException {
if (packageName != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Successfully installed package " + packageName);
callback.onAppInstalled(true, packageName);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to install package.");
callback.onAppInstalled(false, null);
}
}
#Override
public IBinder asBinder() {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Callback after a package was deleted be it success or failure.
*/
private class DeleteObserver implements IPackageDeleteObserver {
#Override
public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) throws RemoteException {
if (packageName != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Successfully uninstalled package " + packageName);
callback.onAppUninstalled(true, packageName);
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed to uninstall package.");
callback.onAppUninstalled(false, null);
}
}
#Override
public IBinder asBinder() {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Callback to give the flow back to the calling class.
*/
public interface InstallerCallback {
void onAppInstalled(final boolean success, final String packageName);
void onAppUninstalled(final boolean success, final String packageName);
}
===> Tested on Android 8.1 and worked well.
I made a test app for silent installs, using PackageManager.installPackage method.
I get installPackage method through reflection, and made android.content.pm.IPackageInstallObserver interface in my src folder (because it's hidden in android.content.pm package).
When i run installPackage, i got SecurityException with string indication, that my app has no android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES, but it defined in AndroidManifest.xml.
So, i think, it's not possible to use this method.
PS. I tested in on Android SDK 2.3 and 4.0. Maybe it will work with earlier versions.
Try this LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib:/system/lib before pm install. It works well.
An 3rd party application cannot install an Android App sliently.
However, a 3rd party application can ask the Android OS to install a application.
So you should define this:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/app.apk", "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
startActivity(intent);
You can also try to install it as a system app to grant the permission and ignore this define. (Root Required)
You can run the following command on your 3rd party app to install an app on the rooted device.
The code is:
private void installApk(String filename) {
File file = new File(filename);
if(file.exists()){
try {
final String command = "pm install -r " + file.getAbsolutePath();
Process proc = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "su", "-c", command });
proc.waitFor();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
I hope that this answer is helpful for you.
Its possible to do silent install on Android 6 and above. Using the function supplied in the answer by Boris Treukhov, ignore everything else in the post, root is not required either.
Install your app as device admin, you can have full kiosk mode with silent install of updates in the background.
you can use this in terminal or shell
adb shell install -g MyApp.apk
see more in develope google
As #inazaruk mentioned in the answer, installPackage method in hidden, and you need to call it by reflection. But, IPackageInstallObserver callback is also hidden which is passed to installPackage as a parameter, so you need to use a Dynamic Proxy to be able to implement this interface. Below you can find a code snippet ysing both reflection and proxy:
private void silentAppInstall(Uri apkUri){
PackageManager pm = getContext().getPackageManager();
try {
Class<?> cPackageInstallObserver = Class.forName("android.content.pm.IPackageInstallObserver");
Object installObserver = Proxy.newProxyInstance(cPackageInstallObserver.getClassLoader(),
new Class[]{cPackageInstallObserver}, new InstallObserverHandler());
Class<?>[] types = new Class[] {Uri.class, cPackageInstallObserver, int.class, String.class};
Method method = pm.getClass().getMethod("installPackage", types);
method.invoke(pm, apkUri, installObserver, 2, null);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException | ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
static class InstallObserverHandler implements InvocationHandler {
#Override
public Object invoke(Object o, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
if (method.getName().equals("packageInstalled")){
// Place you code here
}
return null;
}
}
!/bin/bash
f=/home/cox/myapp.apk #or $1 if input from terminal.
#backup env var
backup=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib:/system/lib
myTemp=/sdcard/temp.apk
adb push $f $myTemp
adb shell pm install -r $myTemp
#restore env var
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$backup
This works for me.
I run this on ubuntu 12.04, on shell terminal.