Develop Reference

Multiple dex files define in Google Play Services

I am having the following dependencies in the build.gradle file. Note that I am using Ionic/Cordova mobile app.
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
// SUB-PROJECT DEPENDENCIES START
debugCompile project(path: "CordovaLib", configuration: "debug")
releaseCompile project(path: "CordovaLib", configuration: "release")
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:+"
compile "com.onesignal:OneSignal:3.3.0#aar"
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:+"
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:+"
compile "com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:8.4+"
// SUB-PROJECT DEPENDENCIES END
}
I get the below error during the build process.
Error: cmd: Command failed with exit code 1 Error output:
Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
Dex: Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/android/gms/internal/zzah;
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/android/gms/internal/zzah;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:591)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:546)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:528)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:164)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:504)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:334)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:277)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:245)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
I read the below SO links. It says about app level and module level gradle files. I am not sure which 2 files are those.
Version conflict updating to 8.4.0
Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/android/gms/internal/zzim;
Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/android/gms/internal/zzau

That error occurs when you have the same library/directory included more than once in your build.gradle's dependencies. This looks also to be conflict with another plugin your using as stated in this thread.
You can check these links:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define
Check all your dependencies in your build.gradle file. Are you referencing a dependency that also includes a dependency you have already included? For example, if your including appcompat-v7 there is no need to include appcompat-v4 since v7 includes all features from v4.
DexException: Multiple dex files
This error is caused by having too many method referenced in your project. You can read more here. Generally it means that you need to remove unused libraries or use proguard even on debug build to reduce the number of method referenced. You may also go with the multi-dex approached mentioned in the article but it makes your project more complicated.

I am not sure about the reason, but adding Google Admob library plugin the build was successful.
NOTE: I am using cordova plugin for Admob.

DexException: Multiple dex files

Okay so currently i am making an Android app that utilizes the Google Sheets API version 3.0 and Drive API Client Library for Java, i need the app to read a spreadhsheet from a users drive account and edit it. Following the documentation i have included the following jars in my /lib folder(Android Studio 1.1).dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:6.5.87'
compile files('libs/google-api-client-1.19.1.jar')
compile files('libs/google-api-client-android-1.19.1.jar')
compile files('libs/google-api-services-drive-v2-rev158-1.19.1.jar')
compile files('libs/google-http-client-1.19.0.jar')
compile files('libs/google-http-client-android-1.19.0.jar')
compile files('libs/google-http-client-gson-1.19.0.jar')
compile files('libs/google-oauth-client-1.19.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gson-2.1.jar')
compile files('libs/jackson-core-2.1.3.jar')
compile files('libs/jackson-core-asl-1.9.11.jar')
compile files('libs/jsr305-1.3.9.jar')
compile files('libs/protobuf-java-2.4.1.jar')
compile files('libs/mail.jar')
compile files('libs/jsr305.jar')
compile files('libs/guava-11.0.2.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-spreadsheet-meta-3.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-spreadsheet-3.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-docs-meta-3.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-docs-3.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-core-1.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-client-meta-1.0.jar')
compile files('libs/gdata-client-1.0.jar')
compile files('libs/additionnal.jar')
compile files('libs/activation.jar')
}When im typing my code everything works just fine, everything is imported appropiately but when i run my app i get this result.
`What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'.
> com.android.ide.common.internal.LoggedErrorException: Failed to run command:
C:\Users\Ricardo\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\build-tools\21.1.2\dx.bat --dex --output C:\Users\Ricardo\Google Drive\Development\Android\Updated\Private\Google_Fiasco\MyApplication\app\build\intermediates\dex\debug --input-list=C:\Users\Ricardo\Google Drive\Development\Android\Updated\Private\Google_Fiasco\MyApplication\app\build\intermediates\tmp\dex\debug\inputList.txt
Error Code:
2
Output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Ljavax/annotation/CheckForNull;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:596)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:554)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:535)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:171)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:189)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:454)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:303)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:246)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:215)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)
e`<br>
Now a couple things to note, when i make two separate projects ,one implementing the Spreadsheet API and the other the Drive API no errors occur. The error only occurs when i implement both API's in the same project i.e combining the jars from both libraries. After tinkering with the jars i found that the error only happens when both jsr305.jar & jsr305-1.3.9.jar are included. Looking at these two jars i see that both have CheckForNull.java files, the file referenced in the error message Multiple dex files define Ljavax/annotation/CheckForNull.
So my question: How do i resolve this error? I think i have to exclude it in my dependencies? Precise instructions would be appreciated, and perhaps an explanation on what the solution does. Also one last thing What difference does it make between simply putting jar files in my /lib folder and adding it to my dependencies in build.gradle? It doesn't seem to affect anything.
The result of deleting either of the jsr.jat files is the following: UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexIndexOverflowException: method ID not in [0, 0xffff]: 65536
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger$6.updateIndex(DexMerger.java:502)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger$IdMerger.mergeSorted(DexMerger.java:277)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeMethodIds(DexMerger.java:491)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:168)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:189)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:454)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:303)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:246)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:215)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)

Just clean the project and build again... I knew my code had nothing to do with the bug as soon as I saw the word 'dex' in the error text

This error is caused by having too many method referenced in your project. You can read more here.
Generally it means that you need to remove unused libraries or use proguard even on debug build to reduce the number of method referenced. You may also go with the multi-dex approached mentioned in the article but it makes your project more complicated.

I had react-native project with app's build.gradle:
def enableProguardInReleaseBuilds = false
...
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled enableProguardInReleaseBuilds
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro"
}
}
Setting enableProguardInReleaseBuilds to true worked for me:
def enableProguardInReleaseBuilds = true

Trouble with building android project with Gradle (Multiple dex files)

Since the release of 1.0, I'm finally moving over to AS.. I don't have too much experience with Gradle, so bear with me. I've found a couple of answers that seem to be putting me on the right track, however, I've yet to find a generic answer that will help me. (Most of the answers are just "replace your jar with this.."). It seems as though I have a dependency linked twice somewhere, however, I'm not quite sure where...
Here is the error I am getting
Output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/v4/view/PagerAdapter;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:594)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:552)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:533)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:170)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:439)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:287)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:230)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:199)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:103)
And here are my dependencies on my main project:
dependencies {
compile project(':swipeBackLibrary')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.1.0'
compile files('libs/android-support-v13.jar')
compile files('libs/libGoogleAnalyticsServices.jar')
}
I'm guessing I have a collision somewhere. How can I check where PagerAdapter is getting its source(s)? Thanks guys.

The appcompat library includes the support library, which is where the duplication comes from. Since you've included the support library as a jarfile instead of referring to it via Maven coordinates, the build system can't disambiguate the multiple copies of the library and prevent the error. You can fix it by moving to a coordinate-based spec for the support library:
dependencies {
compile project(':swipeBackLibrary')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v13:19.1.0'
compile files('libs/libGoogleAnalyticsServices.jar')
}

Android Studio - UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:

I have built a new project in Android Studio using the new project templates provided as part of the tool. All of the code has been generated by Studio I have not made any amendments yet.
I am attempting to run the code but the app fails with the following errors, not sure what the problem is so any help appreciated.
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/v7/app/ActionBar$Callback;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:594)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:552)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:533)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:170)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:439)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:287)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:230)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:199)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:103)
FAILED
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'.
> com.android.ide.common.internal.LoggedErrorException: Failed to run command:
C:\Users\RichardKavanagh\AppData\Local\Android\android-sdk\build-tools\19.0.1\dx.bat --dex --output D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\libs\app-debug.dex D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\classes\debug D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\dependency-cache\debug D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\pre-dexed\debug\android-support-v7-appcompat-5a78dab7e2789bbe64f4bc80d106ca75c04dcf6f.jar D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\pre-dexed\debug\classes-f9b947272e9f33ba50355b52d82755584f9c0c58.jar D:\Android\Projects\MyHealthRecord\app\build\pre-dexed\debug\support-v4-19.0.0-31a2c13df80d37d62ca50fec3bde6da0ca706223.jar
Error Code:
2
Output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/v7/app/ActionBar$Callback;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:594)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:552)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:533)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:170)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:439)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:287)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:230)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:199)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:103)
* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
BUILD FAILED
Total time: 12.948 secs

Like everyone else said here, the support library (com.android.support) is being included more than once in your project. Try adding this in your build.gradle at the root level and it should exclude the support library from being exported via other project dependencies.
configurations {
all*.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
}
If you have more then one support libs included in the dependencies like this, you may want to remove one of them:

dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:19.1.+'
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}
This gets conflicted if you have the support jar in your libs folder.
If you have the support jar in your project libs folder and you have the module dependency added to compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:13.0.+' the UNEXPECTED_TOPLEVEL_DEPENDANCY exception will be thrown.

Because you may include two same libs in your project.
check your build.gradle file.
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:+'
compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
}
if your file includes compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:+' and compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar'), it will have this problems.
delete this sentence: compile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
That's how I fix this problem.

The error occurs when you have the same library/directory included more than once in your build.gradle's dependencies. Ok, let’s say you have an App structure that looks like this:
So you have the main “app” and then you have a bunch of sub-apps/modules/libraries. The libraries are: 1) gene_test_library, 2) genes_nine_old_androids_library, & 3) swipe_list_view_library.
My name is Gene, so that’s why there are all these “gene” libraries.
Inside the build.gradle for “app”, I have:
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'
compile project(':libraries:gene_test_library')
//compile project(':libraries:genes_nine_old_androids_library')
compile project(':libraries:swipe_list_view_library')
}
Inside the build.gradle for gene_test_library, I have nothing:
dependencies {
}
Inside build.gradle for gene_nine_old_androids_library, I have:
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'
}
Inside build.gradle for swipe_list_view_library, I have:
dependencies {
compile 'com.nineoldandroids:library:2.4.0+'
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'
}
This line of code “compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])” just means “hey, look inside the ‘libs’ folder inside this module for any jar files. I do not have anything in the libs folder of any of the modules so you can ignore that line of code.
So let’s say I uncomment out //compile project(':libraries:genes_nine_old_androids_library')
In the build.gradle for the “app” module. Then I would get the “UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:” error. Why is that?
Well, writing //compile project(':libraries:genes_nine_old_androids_library') inside the build.gradle for “app”, is the same as taking the build dependencies of “genes_nine_old_androids_library” module and putting it there. So uncommenting the //compile project(':libraries:genes_nine_old_androids_library') statement, the build.gradle for “app” module becomes:
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'
compile project(':libraries:gene_test_library')
***compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])***
***compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'***
compile project(':libraries:swipe_list_view_library')
}
Notice how now “compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'” shows up 2x. That’s where the error is coming from.

I found 2 reason for this issue:
Sometimes its because of multiple included libraries. For example you add
compile 'com.nineoldandroids:library:2.4.0'
in your gradle and add another library that it also use "nineoldandroids" in it's gradle!
As Android Developer Official website said:
If you have built an Android app and received this error, then congratulations, you have a lot of code!
So, why?
The Dalvik Executable specification limits the total number of methods that can be referenced within a single DEX file to 65,536, including Android framework methods, library methods, and methods in your own code. Getting past this limit requires that you configure your app build process to generate more than one DEX file, known as a multidex configuration.
Then what should you do?
Avoiding the 65K Limit - How?
Review your app's direct and transitive dependencies - Ensure any large library dependency you include in your app is used in a manner that outweighs the amount of code being added to the application. A common anti-pattern is to include a very large library because a few utility methods were useful. Reducing your app code dependencies can often help you avoid the dex reference limit.
Remove unused code with ProGuard - Configure the ProGuard settings for your app to run ProGuard and ensure you have shrinking enabled for release builds. Enabling shrinking ensures you are not shipping unused code with your APKs.
Configuring Your App for Multidex with Gradle - How?
1.Change your Gradle build configuration to enable multidex.
put
multiDexEnabled true
in the defaultConfig, buildType, or productFlavor sections of your Gradle build file.
2.In your manifest add the MultiDexApplication class from the multidex support library to the application element.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.android.multidex.myapplication">
<application
...
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication">
...
</application>
</manifest>
Note: If your app uses extends the Application class, you can override the attachBaseContext() method and call MultiDex.install(this) to enable multidex. For more information, see the MultiDexApplication reference documentation.
Also this code may help you:
dexOptions {
javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
}
Put in your gradle(android{ ... } ).

Hi all I had the same issue that was being caused by a duplicate support version 4 file that I had included while trying to get parse integrated. Deleted the extra inclusion from the libs directory and it works fine now!

This happens when a library is getting compiled twice (i.e it is added two time). It can be support library or any other, it doesn't matter.
The common case is that you have added a compile statement of a library which is already in your libs/ directory. All the *.jar files are compiled automatically. Thus, adding a compile statement is causing the error. Removing that statement might fix this issue. If this is not applicable then we already have some awesome answers.

This might be the dumbest answer, but this worked for me :
I removed and added all the libraries on my project manually.(One after the other) And voila, it worked.
Build -> Rebuild project
Note: No library of mine was compiled twice.

Make sure you have downloaded Support Repository to use support library dependency in build.gradle.
If these all are there already installed sync your project with gradle once using the button available.

In my case TOP LEVEL EXCEPTION was throw because of a special char in project path. Just closed the project, changed "á" to "a" and reopened the project. Works!

Suddenly, without any major change in my project, I too got this error.
All the above did not work for me, since I needed both the support libs V4 and V7.
At the end, because 2 hours ago the project compiled with no problems, I simply told Android Studio to REBUILD the project, and the error was gone.

I had similar problem when I tried to build a signed apk for my app.
Strange, it happened only when I wanted to build a release apk, while on debug apk everything worked OK.
Finally, looking on this thread, I checked for support library duplications in build.gradle and removed any duplications but this wasn't enough..
I had to do clean project and only then finally I've got it to work.

I know that the problem was answered, but this could happen again and my solution was a little different from the ones that I found. In my case the solution wasn't related to include two different libraries in my project. See code below:
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
This code was giving that error "Unexpected Top-Level Exception".
I fix the code making the following changes:
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
}

I solved my problem with adding these in build gradle:
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
another solution can be removing unnecessary libraries

Using Espresso: Hamcrest toplevel and NoClassDefFound

I am trying to add Espresso to test our app.
When I do not have the hamcrest-1.1.jar in the build.gradle, I receive the following error:
com.espresso.PracticeTest > testClickOnActionBar[Nexus 10 - 4.3] FAILED
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org.hamcrest.Matchers
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId(ViewMatchers.java:274)
:Example:connectedInstrumentTest FAILED
When I do have the hamcrest-1.1.jar in the build.gradle, I receive the following error:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dx.cf.iface.ParseException: class name (org/hamcrest/beans/HasProperty) does not match path (hamcrest-library-1.1/org/hamcrest/beans/HasProperty.class)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parse0(DirectClassFile.java:520)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parse(DirectClassFile.java:406)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.parseToInterfacesIfNecessary(DirectClassFile.java:388)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.DirectClassFile.getMagic(DirectClassFile.java:251)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processClass(Main.java:665)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processFileBytes(Main.java:634)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.access$600(Main.java:78)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main$1.processFileBytes(Main.java:572)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processArchive(ClassPathOpener.java:284)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.processOne(ClassPathOpener.java:166)
at com.android.dx.cf.direct.ClassPathOpener.process(ClassPathOpener.java:144)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processOne(Main.java:596)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.processAllFiles(Main.java:498)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:264)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:230)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:199)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:103)
...while parsing hamcrest-library-1.1/org/hamcrest/beans/HasProperty.class
This is the build.gradle
dependencies {
instrumentTestCompile files('libs/dagger-1.1.0.jar', 'libs/dagger-compiler-1.1.0.jar',
'libs/hamcrest-library-1.1.jar',
'libs/espresso-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar', 'libs/guava-14.0.1.jar', 'libs/javawriter-2.1.1.jar',
'libs/javax.annotation-api-1.2.jar','libs/javax.inject-1.jar',
'libs/jsr305-1.3.9.jar', 'libs/testrunner-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar',
'libs/testrunner-runtime-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar')
}
I do a ./gradlew clean build then ./gradlew example:connectedCheck to run.
Does anyone have a work-around to this?

The answer here is likely to serve you better than my original one
Took quite awhile but I finally got it working. I had to do the following:
Declare my dependencies like so:
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:+'
compile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.1.0'
compile 'com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.1.0'
instrumentTestCompile files('libs/espresso-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar','libs/testrunner-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar','libs/testrunner-runtime-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar')
instrumentTestCompile files('libs/hamcrest-core-1.1.jar', 'libs/hamcrest-library-1.1.jar', 'libs/hamcrest-integration-1.1.jar')
instrumentTestCompile 'com.google.guava:guava:14.0.1'
}
Copy the hamcrest jars from here
Remove the license files from the jars like this (or else you'll get an error about duplicate LICENSE.txt files)
zip -d hamcrest-core-1.1.jar LICENSE.txt
zip -d hamcrest-library-1.1.jar LICENSE.txt
Run gradle connectedCheck
A few things to note:
- Hamcrest 1.3 didn't work for me, got an error about a matcher was missing
- Crazy how many hoops I had to jump through to get here.
- Good luck getting this to play well with android studio.

I haven't used gradle yet but I had similar issues which only went away when I added all of the hamcrest jars to my classpath.
Adding hamcrest-all.jar didn't work for me only the individuals (lib, core and integration).
That said, it did complain about the license.txt inside of the jars.
This was not a problem I had to time to figure out what the "proper" fix was but removing the license files from the jars and it all started working.