Develop Reference

DexArchiveMergerException only on release

I developed an app that uses a swagger-generated Java client. The client is in a project called "api", while the app is in a project called "app".
When I build the app via Build/Make Project everything works fine. Also, when I try to run the app on an emulated or physical device Run/Run 'app'. Running with debugger works as well. Even when I build the project via Buid/Generate Signed Bundle/APK and choose the debug option, it works.
Now. The build fails when I try to create a signed release build. The following messages show:
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\54, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\externalLibsDexMerger\release\0, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\52.jar, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\53.jar
Caused by: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\54, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\externalLibsDexMerger\release\0, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\52.jar, [...]\app\build\intermediates\transforms\dexBuilder\release\53.jar
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.CompilationFailedException: Compilation failed to complete
Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.utils.AbortException: Error: Program type already present: io.swagger.client.ApiCallback
I am pretty new to developing with Android Studio and Gradle. I tried some solutions on Stack Overflow that already suggested to add some libraries but so far none of them worked with my problem.
To me, its especially suspicious that the last error message points to io.swagger.client.ApiCallback.
Could it have anything to do with the fact that both settings.gradle for "api" and "app" have the same content? Both look like this:
rootProject.name = "swagger-java-client". This is the only line in the file, but as far as I know, the settings.gradle for "app" already hat that content. I cant remember changing it so its odd to me that it shows "swagger-java-client". Is that normal?
Update 1
ProGuard has been mentioned in the comments to might be a problem. This is the only occurrence I could find, referencing it. In my build.gradle for the "app"-project, there is this part:
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
However, removing it did not change anything.
Update 2
When searching for "io.swagger" AS only finds this:
When searhing for "io.swagger.client.ApiCallback" AS only finds this:
Update 3
As suggested, I tried adding
android {
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
}
and adding android.enableD8 = false but that didn't help either.
Here are my build.gradle-Files (the first ones that caused the problems, without the suggested corrections I've tried so far.)
build.gradle (Module: api) (generated by Swagger):
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
group = 'io.swagger'
version = '1.0.0'
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
google()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.3.0'
classpath 'com.github.dcendents:android-maven-gradle-plugin:1.5'
}
}
repositories {
jcenter()
}
if(hasProperty('target') && target == 'android') {
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'com.github.dcendents.android-maven'
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion '25.0.2'
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 25
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
}
// Rename the aar correctly
libraryVariants.all { variant ->
variant.outputs.each { output ->
def outputFile = output.outputFile
if (outputFile != null && outputFile.name.endsWith('.aar')) {
def fileName = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}-${version}.aar"
output.outputFile = new File(outputFile.parent, fileName)
}
}
}
dependencies {
provided 'javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0'
}
}
afterEvaluate {
android.libraryVariants.all { variant ->
def task = project.tasks.create "jar${variant.name.capitalize()}", Jar
task.description = "Create jar artifact for ${variant.name}"
task.dependsOn variant.javaCompile
task.from variant.javaCompile.destinationDir
task.destinationDir = project.file("${project.buildDir}/outputs/jar")
task.archiveName = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}-${version}.jar"
artifacts.add('archives', task);
}
}
task sourcesJar(type: Jar) {
from android.sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs
classifier = 'sources'
}
artifacts {
archives sourcesJar
}
} else {
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'maven'
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_7
install {
repositories.mavenInstaller {
pom.artifactId = 'swagger-java-client'
}
}
task execute(type:JavaExec) {
main = System.getProperty('mainClass')
classpath = sourceSets.main.runtimeClasspath
}
}
dependencies {
compile 'io.swagger:swagger-annotations:1.5.21'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.7.5'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:logging-interceptor:2.7.5'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.2'
compile 'org.threeten:threetenbp:1.3.5'
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}
build.gradle (Module: app):
buildscript {
repositories {
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
}
dependencies {
classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.+'
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'io.fabric'
repositories {
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 28
defaultConfig {
applicationId "projectName"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 28
versionCode 1
versionName "0.1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:28.0.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:28.0.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3'
implementation fileTree(dir: '../api/build/libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.2'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.7.5'
api project(path: ':api')
implementation 'com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.9.8'
implementation 'org.jetbrains:annotations-java5:15.0'
}

Here are some workaround :
Can you please make sure you have multiDexEnabled set to true as shown below in your gradle settings:
android {
defaultConfig {
multiDexEnabled true
}
}
Try android.enableD8 = false in grade.properties

Caused by: com.android.tools.r8.utils.AbortException: Error: Program type already present: io.swagger.client.ApiCallback
Means there are multiple dependencies contain this class, maybe different versions, so you need to exclude them.
Press shift twice, search io.swagger, then record the found jar files.
If these jar files are simply duplicated, keep 1 in build.gradle.
If these jar files are modules of other dependency, enter gradlew -q app:dependencies in the terminal, find the root dependency names.
In build.gradle, choose 1 dependency to keep, for others add exclude command.
For example change
implementation 'xxx:xxx'
to
implementation ('xxx:xxx') { exclude module 'module-name-to-be-excluded' }
UPDATE
Some options to try:
Change build variants of both modules to release, then Build\Build APK
If success, copy the text from Gradle Console.
Next Build\Generate Signed APK...
Compare the text in Gradle Console with the above one to check the difference.

I've found the answer to my question:
What I did was to create the swagger client, move the created folder into my project, adjust the settings.gradle file and the build.gradle file accordingly.
What went wrong
The way I configured things, gradle would build the ´api´ project and then the app project.
For some reason, when I configured things as release, the app project referenced the code of the api project, as well as the resulting .jar file. Thats where the Program type already present came from.
How I fixed it
Exclude the api project from the app project
Build api seperately
Take the resulting .jarfile and put it in a folder inside your app folder called libs
Put this line in your gradle dependencies for your build.gradle (Module: app): implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
This included the finished .jarfile in the appproject and now I can build release. This should be done regardless, because the swagger client shouldnt be edited anyway, as it is generated code. So even just to not always build that part of the project, this should be done.
However, I still dont fully understand why there is this difference between the releaseand the debugbuild. Would be glad for any insight to that.
EDIT: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
I just found out: if, for some reason, I would have wanted to keep the Module: api in my project I could have done so by removing the two dependencies in my Module: appthat start with implementation fileTree.
The api-project is already included by the dependency api project(path: ':api'). The filetree-lines were the ones causing the problem here, since they were redundant.
However, still no idea why there is a difference between debug and release

Generate Signed APK Error: Error converting bytecode to dex and 1 more

When I Clean/Rebuild my project or even run app, It doesn't return any errors. But when I generate signed APK, It returns two errors.
Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/google/android/gms/internal/zzox;
And this one
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForRelease'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException: duplicate entry: com/google/android/gms/internal/zzd.class
Below is the code from build.gradle file.
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 24
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.wildlife.dbd"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 24
versionCode 10
versionName "2.2.2"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
dependencies
{
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.0.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:24.0.0'
// FB Ads
compile 'com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.10.0'
// Analytics
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:9.0.0'
}

Facebook audience network will pull in play-services as well, so you'll have to exclude it:
I don't remember exactly what Facebook's dependencies are, so your 'analytics' line might not be complete enough for the audience network to run properly. You might want to add the entire play services like so: compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:9.2.1', and remove analytics.
Or if you can see exactly which dependencies Facebook requires, you can grab the correct ones here.
compile ('com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.10.0') {
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}

Multiple dependencies are trying to import “UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:”

I have two libraries on my proyect.
https://github.com/rengwuxian/MaterialEditText
https://github.com/navasmdc/MaterialDesignLibrary
It compiles, but when I run the program it reports an error.
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:dexDebug'.
> com.android.ide.common.internal.LoggedErrorException: Failed to run command:
C:\Users\Alvaro\AppData\Local\Android\sdk\build-tools\21.1.2\dx.bat --dex --no-optimize --output D:\ALVARO\AndroidStudioProjects\Proyecto\app\build\intermediates\dex\debug --input-list=D:\Alva\AndroidStudioProjects\Proyecto\app\build\intermediates\tmp\dex\debug\inputList.txt
Error Code:
2
Output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/nineoldandroids/animation/Animator$AnimatorListener;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:596)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:554)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:535)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:171)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:189)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:454)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:303)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:246)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:215)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)
I KNOW THE PROBLEM, BUT I CAN'T SOLVE
Problem
Multiple dependencies are trying to import nineoldandroids exactly "nineoldandroids"
app build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.alva.proyecto"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt')
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
//seconds library
compile project(':materialDesign')
//first library
compile project(':EditText')
}
first library build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:21.0.3'
compile 'com.nineoldandroids:library:2.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
}
seconds library build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
android {
compileSdkVersion 8
buildToolsVersion "19.1.0"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 8
targetSdkVersion 8
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:18.+'
compile files('libs/nineoldandroids-2.4.0.jar')
}
I have tried:
1. Put on "app" build.gradle:
compile project(':EditText') {
exclude group: 'com.nineoldandroids', module: 'library:2.4.0'
}
NOT WORKS, IT'S REPORTS AN ERROR
Error:(31, 0) Gradle DSL method not found: 'exclude()'
Possible causes:<ul><li>The project 'Proyecto' may be using a version of Gradle that does not contain the method.
Gradle settings</li><li>The build file may be missing a Gradle plugin.
Apply Gradle plugin</li>
2. Remove "nineoldandroids" from seconds library, NOT WORKS
Any suggestions?

I don't know how to import using their respective artifacts
It is in the documentation for each library.
The MaterialEditText "Download" section cites:
compile 'com.rengwuxian.materialedittext:library:1.8.2'
The "How to Use" section of MaterialDesignLibrary cites:
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.github.navasmdc:MaterialDesign:1.+#aar'
}
Then, Gradle will (hopefully) be able to detect that both of these dependencies themselves depend upon nineoldandroids and resolve the conflict. I say "hopefully" because whichever library the "seconds library build.gradle" comes from uses a local copy of nineoldandroids, which is not a good idea. Neither GitHub repo seems to have that particular build.gradle file, though, so you may be OK.

Android studio source code share by local aar

I'd like to share my source code among different projects through aar. Current version of Android studio is able to generate aar files automatically for library module. But I have a few issues:
How to output aar files to specific folder?
Currently the output is in build/outputs/aar folder. Can I move the files automatically once the compilation has been finished.
The dependencies in library module is not inherited by app module. For example:
My library module (build.gradle):
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
......
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4'
}
My app module:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
flatDir {
dirs 'myaarfolder'
}
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.company.appid"
minSdkVersion 8
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile(name:'mylib-release', ext:'aar')
}
I got an error something like:
Error:(3, 35) Error: Package com.google.gson.annotations not exist
I have to add compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4' in the dependency of my app module (build.gradle)
Any idea? Thanks

AAR files don't have their dependencies baked into them, so if you're including a bare AAR like this, you'll need to manually add dependencies in the parent module. To do what you want you'd need to package the AAR into a Maven artifact and specify its dependencies in the POM. A quick search of Google reveals this link, which looks like it's for an older version of the Android Gradle plugin, but it might get you going, or you can do your own searching for a better resource:
http://www.vandalsoftware.com/post/52468430435/publishing-an-android-library-aar-to-a-maven
If you want to manipulate of your output files, you can take inspiration from this question, which renames outputs:
Could not find property 'outputFile' on com.android.build.gradle.internal.api.ApplicationVariantImpl
Essentially it involves a block of build script that looks like this:
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
variant.outputs.each { output ->
output.outputFile = new File(output.outputFile.parent, /* calculate new path here */)
}
}

How to Remove Duplicate Libraries added via gradle?

I am using two libraries in my project. One is this and the other is this.
Whenever I run the App with Edit Test library it shows UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
Error:Execution failed for task ':mobile:dexDebug'.
> com.android.ide.common.internal.LoggedErrorException: Failed to run command:
E:\Android\me\me\sdk\build-tools\21.1.2\dx.bat --dex --no-optimize --output C:\Project\RemoteiT\RemoteiT\mobile\build\intermediates\dex\debug --input-list=C:\Project\RemoteiT\RemoteiT\mobile\build\intermediates\tmp\dex\debug\inputList.txt
Error Code:
2
Output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/nineoldandroids/animation/Animator$AnimatorListener;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:596)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:554)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:535)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:171)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:189)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:454)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:303)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:246)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:215)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)
I Assume that the above error shows that com.nineoldandroids is added twice or conflicting.
So I tried to remove it in the build.gradle file. But it is still showing the error!
Is my Assumption is right? Or elsewhere did I go wrong?
Build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "me.aruhan.remt"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
configurations {
// to avoid double inclusion of support libraries
all*.exclude group: 'com.nineoldandroids', module: 'materialDesign'
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.0'
compile project(':materialDesign')
compile 'com.rengwuxian.materialedittext:library:1.7.1'
}

Instead of adding it in the Configurations. I added the exclude for only the library like this:
compile ('com.rengwuxian.materialedittext:library:1.7.1') {
exclude group: 'com.nineoldandroids', module: 'library'
}

Go to File > project structure > Inside module select your > click on Dependencies on right hand side and see there are duplicate libraries are present or not?
Also try invalidate/Restart cache

If the error occurring due to duplication of libraries you can use packagingOptions in build.gradle file.
android {
....
packagingOptions {
exclude '.....'
pickFirst '.....'
}
}