Develop Reference

Declare service in AOSP

As part of a training course I need to declare a service in AOSP and call it at boot. The thing is the training is outdated, I'm working on a physical machine and the project is different.
Specs:
Android Version: 12
Android SDK: 31
Anyway I've built a module in C called "exd", it's stored in /system/bin/ and it works properly when called manually. Next I want to declare it as a service.
I've added to init.product.rc file:
service exd /system/bin/exd
oneshot
on boot
start exd
But when I build and download it to the device, service list doesn't display it. And it doesn't start on boot.
Next I've added exd.te file to sepolicy folder:
type exd, domain;
type exd_exec, domain;
init_daemon_domain(exd)
And added this line to file_contexts:
/system/bin/exd u:object_r:exd_exec:s0
When I call build it fails with the following message:
Error while expanding policy
[ 39% 60/151] //system/sepolicy:sepolicy.recovery Compiling cil files for sepolicy.recovery [common]
FAILED: out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/sepolicy.recovery/android_common/sepolicy
out/host/linux-x86/bin/secilc -m -M true -G -c 30 out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/recovery_sepolicy.cil/android_common/recovery_sepolicy.cil -o out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/sepolicy.recovery/android_common/sepolicy_policy -f /dev/null && cp -f out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/sepolicy.recovery/android_common/sepolicy_policy out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/sepolicy.recovery/android_common/sepolicy && rm -f out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/sepolicy.recovery/android_common/sepolicy_policy # hash of input list: 187605db6ee3f7580bafd9adbd0101d2c2a0d02f423bb7efa74ee537c43d35ce
neverallow check failed at out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/recovery_sepolicy.cil/android_common/recovery_sepolicy.cil:8770 from system/sepolicy/public/domain.te:1240
(neverallow base_typeattr_197 domain (file (execute execute_no_trans entrypoint)))
<root>
allow at out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/recovery_sepolicy.cil/android_common/recovery_sepolicy.cil:28846
(allow init exd_exec (file (read getattr map execute open)))
<root>
allow at out/soong/.intermediates/system/sepolicy/recovery_sepolicy.cil/android_common/recovery_sepolicy.cil:28848
(allow exd exd_exec (file (read getattr map execute open entrypoint)))
Failed to generate binary
Failed to build policydb
10:35:34 ninja failed with: exit status 1
I've tried everything I've found on the internet to no avail. The weird thing is that there is another service called "bugreport" which is declared almost indetically as mine, but it is listed after "service list" command.
At this point even pointing a good direction would be great for me.

You are getting neverallow, which is basically Android saying you are trying to do something that is not allowed in the SEPolicy definition. You need to create a .te file that consists of SEPolicy rules for your service.
An example SEPolicy file can be as follows:
type myservice_exec, exec_type, file_type, system_file_type;
typeattribute myservice coredomain;
# myservice servicemanager and binder access
allow shell myservice:binder { call transfer };
allow servicemanager myservice:dir search;
allow servicemanager myservice:file { open read };
allow servicemanager myservice:process getattr;
allow myservice servicemanager:binder { call transfer};
allow myservice system_server:binder call;
init_daemon_domain(myservice)
Notice the second line. You are missing that and it is most probably why you are getting a neverallow problem.

Delphi 11: Find correct toolsversion for MSBuild programmatically

We're upgrading to Delphi 11.1 from 10.4.
We have a few scripts which build and deploy Android projects. They assemble an msbuild command that looked like this:
msbuild someproject.dproj /v:q /p:Platform=Android /t:Build;Deploy /p:Config=Release /p:BT_BuildType=AppStore
With 11.1, this throws an error message:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Embarcadero\Studio\22.0\bin\CodeGear.Common.Targets(940,7): error MSB4036: The "XmlPeek" task was not found. Check the following: 1.) The name of the task in the project file is the same as the name of the task class. 2.) The task class is "public" and implements the Microsoft.Build.Framework.ITask interface. 3.) The task is correctly declared with <UsingTask> in the project file, or in the *.tasks files located in the "C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727" directory. [someproject.dproj]
Now, C:\Program Files (x86)\Embarcadero\Studio\22.0\bin\rsvars.bat, which is used by all of our build scripts, explicitly sets the .NET framework as below:
#SET FrameworkDir=C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319
#SET FrameworkVersion=v4.5
After some research, I hit on the idea of adding a toolsversion parameter to the msbuild command as below, and this worked:
msbuild someproject.dproj /v:q /p:Platform=Android /t:Build;Deploy /p:Config=Release /p:BT_BuildType=AppStore /toolsversion:4.0
This is all well and good, but I would prefer not to hard-code the toolsversion number in the script(s).
Is there a way I can programmatically obtain the correct value of the toolsversion that Delphi itself is using when it generates builds, etc.?
I assume that just finding the highest .NET version installed will not suffice (and even then, one has to "translate" that to a toolsversion). It has to marry up with whatever Delphi is doing (e.g., in the CodeGear.Common.Targets file referenced in the original error message).

This is a bug in Delphi 11.1 that has at least 3 bug reports: RSP-37855, RSP-38466, and RSP-38467.
You can add /tv:4.0 to your MSBuild command line, or modify the first line in the .dproj file to:
<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build">

Assuming that rsvars.bat has been run,
FOR %%v IN ("%frameworkdir%") DO SET "toolsversion=%%~nv"
ECHO msbuild ...blah... /toolsversion:%toolsversion:~1%
The variable frameworkdir will be set by rsvars.bat. The for command parses its value (eg. C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319 as though it is a filename, and picks v4.0 as the "filename" (~n modifier [filename] of the metavariable %%v)
Then use the value assigned to toolsversion, starting at character 1 (where the first character is "character 0")
--- Given more info in comment
FOR %%v IN ("%frameworkdir%") DO ECHO %%~nxv|FINDSTR /R ".*\..*\.">nul&IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (SET "toolsversion=%%~nxv") ELSE SET "toolsversion=%%~nv"
Oh ye of little faith :)

Libgit2 running on Android unable to perform clone operation - returns "failed to set permissions" error

I have just built Libgit2 (v0.20.0) for Android (target SDK version 18, debugging on a rooted device running Cyanogenmod 10.1.2, Android 4.2.2) and a simple function like getting the version number of Libgit2 works fine through the JNI. But when I use the git_clone function it stops right after the objects/info folder is created and returns this error:
Error -1 cloning repository - Failed to set permissions on '/storage/sdcard0/it/ptt/.git/objects/info': Operation not permitted
I have given the application the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission but I guess it still can't chmod unless owner of the file. When I use adb shell to check out the permission mode of the info folder I get:
d---rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 2014-05-15 09:31 info
And by using pwd.h functions I get the username that the c code (that is calling git_clone) is under to be u0_a92. How am I suppose to get pass this I suppose very Android related issue? Is there a simple way to stop Libgit2 from calling p_chmod or can I give it permissions to do so?

I ended up defining p_chmod as a method always returning true to get passed the error. In the bash script I use to build libgit2 I inserted the following lines that leaves the source files in an unmodified condition after building for android:
LIBGIT2_POSIX_PATH="$LIBGIT2_SOURCE_PATH/src/posix.h"
LIBGIT2_POSIX_BACKUP_PATH="$LIBGIT2_SOURCE_PATH/src/posix_original.h"
printf "#include \"always_success.h\"\nint always_success() { return 0; }" > "$LIBGIT2_SOURCE_PATH/src/always_success.c"
printf "int always_success();" > "$LIBGIT2_SOURCE_PATH/src/always_success.h"
cp $LIBGIT2_POSIX_PATH "$LIBGIT2_POSIX_BACKUP_PATH"
sed -i "s/^#define\sp_chmod(p, m).*$/#include \"always_success.h\"\n#define p_chmod(p, m) always_success()\nextern int always_success();\n/" $LIBGIT2_POSIX_PATH
# run the build process with cmake ...
# restore chmod manipulated source header
mv $LIBGIT2_POSIX_BACKUP_PATH $LIBGIT2_POSIX_PATH
There is probably a cleaner way to solve this but at least now I dont get that error anymore. Thanks to Carlos for his help!
UPDATE
Running adb shell mount | grep sdcard I could see that the sdcard which I am trying to clone the repository into uses the vfat file system which according to this forum thread doesn't support unix-style permissions.

No classes were specified on the command line

I'm trying out a sample JNI program but am unable to get the javah
tool to work. I have 1 source file, Nativejni.java in C:\Workspace\VideoRecorder\src\org\ccb\wifo\video\Nativejni.java.
org.ccb.wifo.video is the name of the package.I have compiled and got a class file in the src directory.And for generating header file I have tried like below
C:\Workaspace\VideoRecorder\bin>javah -jni org.ccb.wifo.video.Nativejni
But I got an error like .
**error: cannot access org.ccb.wifo.video.Nativejni
class file for org.ccb.wifo.video.Nativejni not found
javadoc: error - Class org.ccb.wifo.video.Nativejni not found.
Error: No classes were specified on the command line. Try -help.**
I have googled a lot and tried the solutions found there. But no use.
Please help me.

There could be a lot of reasons for it. Mainly to do with -classpath. If you don't want to fiddle around with changing of classpath manually, you can do it while compiling in the console.
javah -d /dir/where/output/generated -classpath ;<absolute path to the /bin/classes> <package name>
1) Remember that ";" is important as it appends the path provided by you to the already existing one.
2) Be careful with slashes (Linux = / and for Windows = ).
3)I suppose you understand what I mean by absolute path.

I wasted like 3 hours on this. It has been due to some sort of java directory issues or what. Anyways this is how i did it.
Open command line. Go to the exact folder where .java class is located. go there and execute command
javac HelloWorld.java
then go back to the folder containing the complete package. There type this statement for generating the header file from the class file. The directory must be like in my case the whole package was in Java directory file so i went back there and typed the following command.
javah -jni com.example.aliabbasjaffri.temporary.HelloWorld
Voila, Header file at your service.

You have to enter classpath, Please try this,
Javah - jni -classpath C:\Workspace\VideoRecorder\src\ org.ccb.wifo.video.Nativejni

how to execute the test cases of PVplayer in android?

hi can you tell me how to execute the test cases defined in /external/opencore/engines/player/test/src in the donut code?
I have seen the PVplayer documentation , but that does not provide any information.
I am trying to run an SDP file in the PVplayer.

Try to follow the following steps to run the PV Player engine tests (I have done all this with donut code and product Sapphire):
1.You have to include the following line in /external/opencore/Android.mk while making build:
#include $(PV_TOP)/engines/player/test/Android.mk
Either uncomment this (if its commented) or remove any check which is avoiding this line to be included.
2.Build and install the images into phone.
3.Now open shell (use adb shell command). go to directory /system/bin.
There will be an excutable pvplayer_engine_test. Now run the following command:
pvplayer_engine_test -test x y -source xyz.mp4 -logfile -logall
where x is the start test case number and y is the end test
case number.
(For more command line options, please refer pvplayer_engine_unit_test_guide.pdf which is available at /external/opencore/doc location).
Hope this helps.