what happens memory-wise when putExtra() is called? - android

In my android application I have an large ArrayList of objects (more than 100), and I'm passing this ArrayList from activity to activity via the intents, using the putExtra(key,value) function. What exactly happens memory wise when I do such thing, does the ArrayList gets copied so now it occupies twice the memory it needed at first? or it jst get referenced so the space stays the same?

When you are passing your ArrayList, you are serializing/parceling it. This is called marshalling. On the other end, you are reading these parcels and doing unmarshalling. What it does is basically convert your ArrayList to stream that you read on the other end and making a COPY of the original.

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Parcelable out of memory

Suppose we have a list of complex objects (primitives and other objects inside) requested from a server to show them inside a RecycleView. In adapter we need only some data from each object, let's say 70%.
I get from server list with full data objects, and each object implements Parcelable so when I select a item I pass object via intent to MyDetailsActivity like so:
Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyDetailsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("foo", myComplexObject);
startActivity(intent);
This is working as expected but on some low memory devices I get out of memory errors. So my question is how to achieve this type of data flow?
One possible solution is to implement get/set for MyObj in Applicattion class, and pass it like so but I'n not sure if it's stable.
And of course I can pass just an id from MyObject and do another request call inside DetailsActivity's onCreate(), but this requires user to wait some more seconds to load data.
Any advices or references are apreciated
As you have experienced, sending data through the bundle/intent extras has its memory limits.
Your options are to either keep those objects in memory and access them via some static/singleton instance or to do the data query from your server in the desired activity that will show them in your list.
Another viable options is to store the data in a database for ex and read it once its required but this ofcourse depends on your current architecture... you can checkout Realm, Room, GreenDao database options etc...
Second approach is more suitable for mobile applications since you only load data in list via API which is visible inside the recycler view, you can pass that data to activity and then in activity load the remaining data from another call for that specific item.
I'm assuming that each object of the data coming from the server is not of same size, leading to out of memory on some but not all the objects. So the better approach is to also modify server apt (if possible) to send only info which is required for the list in your call's response and have separate resource url to access full information for that object.
This may result in a minimal delay but it will not cause unexpected out of memory errors which is a big let down for the end user.
You can actually use Application class for this purpose, to make it even better
Set the data in Application class when you intend to pass
Retrieve the data at destination into Local variable from Application
After retrieving data into local variable, set object in Application to null
Using above approach will make sure your objects memory is released as soon you consumed it without holding it all the time throughout Application Lifecycle

The efficiency of Parcelable vs Reading from the database

I have a fragment that lists "Semesters" in the following way: It accesses the database, generates an array that is then translated into views via a ListAdapter.
In that fragment there is also an add button that opens a new activity, wherein the user can create a new semester that is also being inserted into the database in the same activity.
After creating a semester I obviously would like to show it when the user goes back to the list.
For that I have 2 options:
Send the created Semester back as an object to the fragment. The problem is that it requires me to implement the Parcelable interface on most of my classes as they are nested, which would be really tedious.
Make the list re-read the semesters from the database and recreate the view from scratch.
My question is; which way would be faster and more efficient?
Databases could get big overtime, but same for parcel objects, especially when they are nested and there are Lists of custom objects and such, which makes this decision much more critical.
Parcels are super fast. It's essentially binary packed data and it's really memory and CPU efficient.
That said, it really depends on the size of the database. If it's relatively small (say, under 100 rows returned in the list query), I'd just requery it in onStart or onRestart. Makes everything much easier and more consistent. If that query takes noticeable time when returning to the list, I'd send it in the Intent.
Don't optimize (by e.g. making everything Parcelable) without being sure the database access is the bottleneck.

Transferring large amounts of data to Activity using putExtra();

The application passes large number of objects (about 150 objects after parsing JSON format) via intent.putExtra();
Among them are serialized objects.
And the process of opening a new activity takes about 2 seconds...
Is there a way to speed up this process?
If you just want to pass data from one activity to another you can just use a static variable that is accessible from both activities. This eliminates the need to serialize and deserialize all the objects. Example:
public class Globals {
public static List<MyObject> myObjects;
}
In one activity you can set the data you want to pass in Globals.myObjects and the receiving activity can get it from there.
Be aware that this mechanism does have some drawbacks (like when Android kills your process and restarts it later). However, this can be the least troublesome way to simply hand a lot of objects from one activity to another.
One suggestion could be:
Use parceable where you are using serializable
Another suggestion could be:
Use something else to save/restore the data. e.g. a database
I think using a Singleton class for sharing large amount of temporary data between activities is a great way to go. Keeps it really quick and simple.
Although it can be done through Android Parcelable but it has storage limitation which can cause this error "!!! FAILED BINDER TRANSACTION !!!"

DDMS Heap - 1-byte array(byte[], boolean[])

I experience some memory leaks in my android application. I've already used MAT to analyze the memory usage. But I have one question from the DDMS perspectiv in Eclipse, what does 1-byte array[byte[], boolean[]) mean?
Is this specific for my application? You can see that this is the big memory leak issue, this always increases in size, and the rest will increase and decrease randomly. My guess is that the GC doesn't catch this type. Can anybody explain why this happen, with this little information?
One byte array is the designation for any data structure that is organized as a single byte array. In you case and with that size, I would bet in a Bitmap or a Drawble.
Most common reasons for memory leaks are static object not properly managed and holding references to:
Context
View (which holds reference to context (and possibly also to bitmap)
Thread (which are not easly collected by GC)
Handler (which holds reference to context)
Most of them can be solved ensuring that you set the object to null when it's no long required.
Regards.
A byte and a boolean are each 1 byte. If you have an array of those you have a "1-byte array".
A ByteBuffer for example should internally hold one of those.
You have a total of 614 of them where the smallest one be a byte[24] (or boolean[24]), the largest one is 3MB. All of them together use 104MB.
The GC will get rid of them if they are no longer referenced.
For example when you put
private static byte myArray[] = new byte[3 * 1024 * 1024];
in one of your classes and never set it back to null (myArray = null) then this one can't be garbage collected because another Object has a reference to it. The object would be the class itself (as in String.class). The class object can't be garbage collected since classes are never unloaded. (they are referenced by their ClassLoader which could itself be referenced / loaded by another ClassLoader and you can't create Objects & use classes without them - they need to stay and they need to keep a reference to their classes)
It's usually not that simple but often start with static somewhere.
Within MAT (after you force GC) look at the reference chain for the objects that are no longer intended to stay alive and identify the one Object that holds the reference. Set that one to null in your code and your leak is gone. Explained in more detail here:
http://android-developers.blogspot.de/2011/03/memory-analysis-for-android.html
I ran to this problem tonight and almost I checked every bit of code but I couldn't find anything.
What I did was starting the app from intelij and then pressing home button and open the app again. Every time the app heap was doubled.
Finally I discover when I launch the app from ADB and press the home button and open the app again it doesn't bring back the old activity, it just start a new one. When I pressed finish it starts to cycle through all of them. It's like they are treated as two different intent. So I put android:launchMode="singleTop" on the main activity in manifest and it resolved the problem.
Although it's not the main cause of this problem but if you encountered this check this out before anything. It wasted three or four hours for me.

Modify data from a different Activity in Android

I've been just wondering if there is a way to modify variables from a different activity from which they were created. Precisely, I would like to modify a list in Activity1 from Activity 2, is there a way to give a reference to that list from the other activity? putExtra() method does not accept List as input parameter and I don't think startActivityForResponse() is what I'm looking for either. I don't know if some kind of shared variables exist or something alike.
Is it possible to do that?
Thanks in advance.
May be this is not the very good solution but what you can do is that you can create DataManager as single Instanse that Hold Linklist of data. In each activity you can get instance of data-manager and update data in it.
You can pass the entire list as an extra, you just need to serialize it by making it a parcelable first.
A Container for a message (data and object references) that can be sent through an IBinder. A Parcel can contain both flattened data that will be unflattened on the other side of the IPC
A bit confusing to understand, but all it really does is flatten the data into strings/ints/other primitive types so that it can be passed easily. On the other side, it's re-build into your list structure.
This is the tutorial I used when I did something similar:
http://prasanta-paul.blogspot.ca/2010/06/android-parcelable-example.html

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