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Change the position of a text in android studio

I just started a programing in course in android studio using Java and XML and cant really figure out how to do a simple task. I have 3 buttons at the top of the screen, they fill up the whole width of the screen. I want to add a text below these 3 buttons, but i dont really now how to specify this. Right now i have:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:showIn="#layout/activity_main">
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/button_send" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/button_textcolor" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/button_textsize" />
<TextView
android:text="South Africa"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
Now, the text in the text element is displayed at the right side of the screen, its barely visible. The text gets cramped up so tight that it gets misaligned verticaly. What would i do if i instead wanted the text inside the textview element to be displayed just below the 3 buttons, to the left horizontaly, like normal text?
Thank you!

Use something like this. Inside the TextView tag add:
android:layout_below="#+id/buttonid"
Obviously you have to use relative layout for using this

Here you go
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:showIn="#layout/activity_main">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<Button
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="#string/button_send" />
<Button
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="#string/button_textcolor" />
<Button
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="#string/button_textsize" />
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:text="South Africa"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>

Use RelativeLayout instead of LinearLayout. There are also many other layouts you can try. Check here for the other type of available layouts.
RelativeLayout lets child views specify their position relative to the
parent view or to each other (specified by ID). So you can align two
elements by right border, or make one below another, centered in the
screen, centered left, and so on. By default, all child views are
drawn at the top-left of the layout, so you must define the position
of each view using the various layout properties available from
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.

Layout issue with Android Studio

Recently picking up android development, I have hit a snag in the road. I'm having trouble positioning my layouts. Screenshots are as follows:
I'm trying to input either another layout type/list view in the upper section of the screen, without disrupting the button/text box at the bottom, though.. When extending this layout. I hit the following snag:
The entire contents of the original frame shift when the box of the new layout is extended, I've tried modifying:
android:layout_gravity="top">
and other layout attributes such as weight, margin, height/width.. This always hits the same problem.
My XML for this view is:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="483dp"
android:layout_weight="1.06"
android:layout_gravity="top">
</FrameLayout>
<EditText android:id="#+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:hint="#string/edit_message"
android:layout_gravity="bottom" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/button_send"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
android:onClick="SendMessageButton"
/>
</LinearLayout>
Though, i'm some-what stuck on how to make the correct changes & any response to this question would be greatly appreciated!

At the moment, all your child views live inside a single horizontally-oriented LinearLayout. LinearLayouts always arrange views sequentially, as you are experiencing.
There are a couple different ways to achieve the layout you are looking for. I'm going to suggest one that uses nested LinearLayouts (an outer one to stack things vertically, and then a nested one to arrange the EditText and Button horizontally), but you could also consider using a RelativeLayout for this.
Updated layout:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText
android:id="#+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:hint="#string/edit_message" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/button_send"
android:onClick="SendMessageButton" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
Note that a LinearLayout is oriented horizontally by default; I have explicitly included the attribute here to make the structure more clear.

The reason, your button and editText is appearing far from the frame layout and not near the corner is the parent layout orientation is Horizontal.
Change it to Vertical.
Now, if you need your button and editText to be arranged in the same line, it should be mentioned as described in samgak answer.
However, i would like to suggest the following.
Using framelayout might create bad user experience across different screen sizes in android.
If the parent layout in Linear, if the screen size is x and all your components added if the height it takes is x-20, then the theme you set for parent layout would not cover the entire screen. Therefore, it is recommended to use RelativeLayout and for the button and editText, use the layout_alignParentBottom = true attribute.
If needed, i can share the code sample for this. Added Vertical Scroll to the layout.
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="483dp"
android:layout_gravity="top">
</FrameLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<EditText android:id="#+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Edit Message"
android:layout_gravity="bottom" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
android:onClick="SendMessageButton"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

Incorrect height of RemoteViews notification when using linear layout

I've created a notification using RemoteViews with a custom layout. The layout structure is as below.
<LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:adjustViewBounds="true" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="6"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingLeft="8dp"
android:paddingTop="8.0dip" >
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="4"
android:divider="?android:listDivider"
android:dividerPadding="12.0dip"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:showDividers="middle|beginning" >
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
The effect of it all appears only in a fraction of the notification height, and not in the full height of the notification. E.g. check-out the buttons in the screenshot at http://i57.tinypic.com/14dzo9i.png (the middle notification is the focus of the question), which are in the last child of the parent LinearLayout, and should be all vertically centre-aligned.
My question is very similar to Height of notification incorrect "match_parent", but since there isn't a real answer present there, I'm asking this. The answer on that question does refer to a way to dynamically figure out the notification height. If that is the solution to use, I'd like to know how to use the height obtained from there to dynamically set the height of the remote view, since I don't see a height setter on the remote views object.
Please note that the height of the image is fine when I use a relative layout instead. Relative layout still has two problems: 1. the buttons are still not vertically centre-aligned and 2. I can only wrap content or fill parent, not divide the available space into the two children linear layouts. Screenshot: http://i59.tinypic.com/o1000j.png

Seems to be working on changing android:layout_height="wrap_content" to android:layout_height="match_parent" for the views within. Somehow missed it earlier, interesting though the behaviour for this combination of values.

Change your Layout to RelativeLayout and use param android:toLeftOf="#+id/...", android:toRightOf="#+id/..." to align your subView in layout.
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center_vertical">
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/image1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:src="#drawable/ic_launcher" />
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/image2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_toRightOf="#+id/image1"
android:src="#drawable/ic_launcher" />
</RelativeLayout>

GridLayout pushes down its children and overflow when given fill_parent for height

As it seems the GridLayout will always push its children to layout corresponding to their needs. for instance the following declaration:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<GridLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:columnCount="3"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:rowCount="4"
android:useDefaultMargins="true" >
...
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/main_image"
android:layout_column="1"
android:layout_columnSpan="2"
android:layout_row="3"
android:scaleType="fitStart" />
</GridLayout>
The GridLayout declares fill_parent and as such I would expect it to not overflow. The GridLayout should take the size of the parent which in this case is the window (full height). However in hierarchy viewer the GridLayout is set as Wrap_content for both vertical and horizontal.
As such the ImageView (which is a large image) or any text view will be push to fit themself and as such overflow the container.
This can be seen within the hierarchy viewer where the container grid view fits the parent:
while the image view overflow
Reading the documentation, I understand there is a need to set gravity. As far as I can try, I used all kinds of gravity options and image scaling options without much effect. Removing the margins with useDefaultMargins="false" does change the layout overflow which leads the issue towards gridlayout.
My question follows:
Is this a bug or am I using the GridLayout incorrectly
How can I force the GridLayout's children to fit their container and to fill
remaining spaces

The trick in other layouts is to give the first element an android:layout_weight="1.0" and nothing to the other elements. Why it works I have no idea, but it does. Here's a simple XML that displayed an ImageView, a TextView and a Button. Without the layout_weight parameter assigned to the ImageView the text and button were shifted down.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="#color/white"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:keepScreenOn = "true" >
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/imageView_surprise"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="0dip"
android:scaleType="centerInside"
android:contentDescription="#string/accessibility_imageView_surprise"
android:layout_weight="1.0" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_gravity="bottom" >
<TextView
android:id="#+id/textView_message"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="#color/black"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:gravity="center_horizontal" />
<Button
android:id="#+id/button_share"
style="#style/button_text"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

android, imageviews inside linear layout don't fit the screen size

I was wondering how to make the four images inside my LinearLayout look as big as possible depending on the screen. When I install the widget in my phone, it always fits only 50% of the screen.
Here comes the xml.
Any hints?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical|clip_horizontal"
android:orientation="horizontal" >
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/hora1_current"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:scaleType="fitCenter"
android:src="#drawable/neutro_on" />
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/hora2_current"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:scaleType="fitCenter"
android:src="#drawable/neutro_on" />
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/minuto1_current"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:scaleType="fitCenter"
android:src="#drawable/neutro_on" />
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/minuto2_current"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:scaleType="fitCenter"
android:src="#drawable/neutro_on" />

Add android:weightSum="1" to your parent linear layout.
The linear layout should have android:orientation="horizontal"
Now to each of your image views , add android:layout_weight = 0.25.
Hope this works.

hope you read enough about orientation vertical and horizontal .
you should clear here that by filling screen whether you mean altogether all 4 fills the screen such that each takes 25% or every one should take 100% width and added up vertically .
for first case add android:layout_weight=1 for every imageView .
for second case replace android:orientation="horizontal" by android:orientation="vertical" in root LinerLayout

Don't use wrap content, instead use the actual dimensions of the image or fill parent.