Develop Reference

The module 'app' is an Android project without build variants

I am getting below error while importing android project.
Error:The module 'app' is an Android project without build variants, and cannot be built.
Please fix the module's configuration in the build.gradle file and sync the project again.
Gradle file code.
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion "25.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.djalel.android.bilal"
minSdkVersion 9
targetSdkVersion 25
versionCode 4
versionName "1.3"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt')
}
}
aaptOptions {
cruncherEnabled = false
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:25.3.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:25.3.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:12.0.1'
implementation 'com.readystatesoftware.sqliteasset:sqliteassethelper:2.0.1'
implementation 'com.jakewharton.timber:timber:3.1.0'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
I checked with working gradle file as well but getting same error in this project.

Above gradle file code seems to be perfect. Probably its nothing to do with app/build.gradle (Module:app). Just open other build.gradle (Project:Android) file in Project window and verify your Android Studio version it must be same as yours.
I replaced from:
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
to my Android Studio v3.0.1 in my case:
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
Press "Try Again" to Sync gradle file. This resolved my problem with a successful build.

For me, this issue appeared when I updated Android Studio to version 3.3.
Disabling experimental feature "Only sync the active variant" fixes it:

Try use command line to run gradlew tasks to see why the build would fail.
In my case:
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring project ':app'.
> Failed to install the following Android SDK packages as some licences have not been accepted.
platforms;android-27 Android SDK Platform 27
build-tools;27.0.3 Android SDK Build-Tools 27.0.3
So I just ran Go to Android\sdk\tools\bin sdkmanager --licenses to accept licenses and then the build passed in command line.
I think Android Studio is crying for the wrong issue. So you may check the real output in command line and find what is happening.

Just install the Android SDK platform package through SDK Manager in Android Studio, relevant to your Compile SDK version. It will prompt you to install the package as well as to accept the license. After that just sync the gradle, it will resolve the issue.

You must update your dependencies in build.grade in the buildscript block:
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.1.0'
to:
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.4.2'

If this error occurs for other module than 'app'
Remove gradle variable from that module's build.gradle like
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
& replace it actual value
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.2.71"
Clean Project -> Rebuild Project

I had this issue in my library project. I solved it by adding
buildscript {
dependencies {
classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
}
}
To the beginning of build.gradle

Could not resolve com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0 in Android Studio new project

I know about this questions:
Failed to resolve: com.android.support:cardview-v7:26.0.0 android
Could not resolve com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0 [duplicate]
And I've read this documentations:
Migrate to Android Plugin for Gradle 3.0.0
Migrating to Android 8.0
So I'm posting this question believing its not a duplicate.
I've installed Android Studio 3.0.1. I didn't have any previous version before and I started a new project.
Every setting in Gradle file have been set by Android Studio itself and I've checked them all.
These are the file contents:
build.gradle (Module:app)
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 26
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.administrator.as301test"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 26
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:26.1.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
}
Top level build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
gradle-wrapper.properties
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.1-all.zip
I use google() in repositories as here clearly says:
// If you're using a version of Gradle lower than 4.1, you must instead use:
// maven {
// url 'https://maven.google.com'
// }
My gradle version is 4.1 so I don't need above code.
But I still get this error as the others have been asking about:
Error:Unable to resolve dependency for ':app#debug/compileClasspath':
Could not resolve com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0.
Why should I get this error when I'm creating a new project in AS 3.0.1 and it has been set all the necessary settings?
Update
#Rohit's answer somehow solved the issue but I still get same error for some other dependencies.
Could not resolve com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1
Could not resolve
com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1
Could not resolve junit:junit:4.12

Finally I fixed the problem by modifying build.gradle like this:
android {
compileSdkVersion 26
buildToolsVersion "26.0.2"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 26
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:26.1.0'
}
I've removed these lines as these will produce more errors:
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
Also I had same problem with migrating an existing project from 2.3 to 3.0.1 and with modifying the project gradle files like this, I came up with a working solution:
build.gradle (module app)
android {
compileSdkVersion 27
buildToolsVersion "27.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.mobaleghan.tablighcalendar"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 27
}
dependencies {
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:preference-v7:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:support-annotations:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.android.apps.dashclock:dashclock-api:2.0.0'
}
Top level build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.1'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
}

goto Android->sdk->build-tools directory make sure you have all the versions required . if not , download them . after that
goto File-->Settigs-->Build,Execution,Depoyment-->Gradle
choose use default gradle wapper (recommended)
and untick Offline work
gradle build finishes successfully for once you can change the settings
If it dosent simply solve the problem
check this link to find an appropriate support library revision
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/support-library/revisions
Make sure that the compile sdk and target version same as the support library version.
It is recommended maintain network connection atleast for the first time build (Remember to rebuild your project after doing this)

try this :
android {
compileSdkVersion 26
buildToolsVersion "26.0.1"
defaultConfig {
targetSdkVersion 26
}
}
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.0'
It has worked for me

I tried all of the above and nothing worked for me.
Then I followed Gradle Settings > Build Execution, Deployment > Gradle > Android Studio and checked "Disable embedded Maven repository".
Did a build with this checked and the problem was solved.

Just go to
File\Settings\Gradle. Deselect the "Offline work" box. Now you can connect and
download any necessary or missing dependencies

Your android studio may be forgot to put :
buildToolsVersion "26.0.0"
you need 'buildTools' to develop related design and java file. And if there is no any buildTools are installed in Android->sdk->build-tools directory then download first.

well got this answer from another site and don't want to take any credit for this but this solution works like butter.
Go to File\Settings\Gradle. Deselect the "Offline work" box. Now you can connect and download any necessary or missing dependencies.

This work for me. In the android\app\build.gradle file you need to specify the following
compileSdkVersion 26
buildToolsVersion "26.0.1"
and then find this
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7"
and make sure it says
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.0.1"

OK It's A Wrong Approach But If You Use it Like This :
compile "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:+"
Android Studio Will Use The Last Version It Has.
In My Case Was 26.0.0alpha-1.
You Can See The Used Version In External Libraries (In The Project View).
I Tried Everything But Couldn't Use Anything Above 26.0.0alpha-1, It Seems My IP Is Blocked By Google. Any Idea? Comment

In my case, this error occur when i tried to use gridView
I resolved it by removing this line from build.grade(Module) file
implementation 'com.android.support:gridlayout-v7:28.0.0-alpha3'

This issue seems to like the following.
How to resolve repository certificate error in Gradle build
Below steps may help:
1. Add certificate to keystore-
Import some certifications into Android Studio JDK cacerts from Android Studio’s cacerts.
Android Studio’s cacerts may be located in
{your-home-directory}/.AndroidStudio3.0/system/tasks/cacerts
I used the following import command.
$ keytool -importkeystore -v -srckeystore {src cacerts} -destkeystore {dest cacerts}
2. Add modified cacert path to gradle.properties-
systemProp.javax.net.ssl.trustStore={your-android-studio-directory}\\jre\\jre\\lib\\security\\cacerts
systemProp.javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit
Ref : https://www.cresco.co.jp/blog/entry/2014//

Try to clear cache in android studio by
File-> Invalidate cache -> invalidate
after invalidating
build-> clean project
Then you can able to build the project

this work for me
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.0.0'
change 26.0.0 to 26.0.1
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.0.1'

this work for me. add configurations.all in app/build.gradle
android {
configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy.force 'com.android.support:support-annotations:27.1.1'
}
}

Build Failed when i try to run the app

I have the error like
"Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug'.
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException: duplicate entry: com/google/android/gms/internal/zzpm$zza$zza.class"
What should i do to remove this error
gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.user.merchant"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
multiDexEnabled true
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.2.0'
compile 'com.android.volley:volley:1.0.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appindexing:8.4.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.4.0'
//compile files('libs/google-play-services.jar')
}

As #Vaiden says the issue was:
"It seems that you have at least one library already bundled with GMS"
Every time that you face a duplicate entry error run ./gradlew app:dependencies and make sure that there is no duplicated versions of a same module. For example: in my case I had:
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:9.0.0'
When I tried to use firebase in my project I add it like:
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:9.+'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:9.+'
That makes my app crash cause when I navigate to the: app > build > intermediates > exploded-aar > com.google.android.gms one of the folders (play-services-basement) pull a version 9.4.0 instead 9.0.0 so what I did was to unificate the versions by adding firebase like:
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:9.0.0'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:9.0.0'
In theory you can solve this too by pushing the firebase to 9.4.0 instead.
The bottom line is to try to know which things are your dependencies introducing to the app and check "WHO" is introducing the same thing to the app, once you get there try to set a specific version of that duplicated dependency.

Based from this forum, try to change the gradle inside your C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio\gradle\ to gradle-2.10. Also, it seems unlikely that a program that is designed to run on an Android device doesn't need all of the jars. Try removing some of them.
Check this related SO questions:
TransformException duplicate entry for common.annotations.Beta
Android dependency issue with gms play services

It seems that you have at least one library already bundled with GMS.
None of the dependencies stated in your gradle build file should have it, so the culprit might be a library jar file in your libs dir. So either you have something in your libs dir you shouldn't have put there, or a library that has GMS bundled inside of it.
Did you remember to delete libs/google-play-services.jar?

Migrating from Ant to Gradle in Android Studio

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 22
buildToolsVersion "23.0.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "SOMEID"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 17
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4'
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0'
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0'
compile 'com.google.guava:guava:15.0'
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}
I am fairly new to android, so please be aware. The application that I have been working on was under Ant build, and now have to change to Gradle to work with other new dependencies. And now, I am getting the following errors after migration through Android Studio->Import->Projects:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'.
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK overview-frame.html
File1: /Users/taeyounglee/StudioProjects/adr-android/app/libs/ormlite-android-4.45-javadoc.jar
File2: /Users/taeyounglee/StudioProjects/adr-android/app/libs/ormlite-core-4.45-javadoc.jar
Below are the ones that are in libs folder, I even tried hard-coding the dependencies on the build.gradle as well, but didn't work out:
HockeySDK-3.5.0.jar
http-request-4.2.jar
jsr305-2.0.1.jar
libGoogleAnalyticsV2.jar
ormlite-android-4.45.jar
ormlite-android-4.45-javadoc.jar
ormlite-android-4.45-sources.jar
ormlite-core-4.45.jar
ormlite-core-4.45-javadoc.jar
ormlite-core-4.45-sources.jar
otto-1.3.4.jar
picasso-2.1.1.jar
Any suggestions on this? The app uses ormlite, and requires both .jar files, as when I tried removing either one of those, it just throws compile errors. I tried looking up online about APK overview-frame.html, but can't seem to find reasonable answer. Help much appreciated, and thanks in advance!

If you can avoid it, stop using the jars. Gradle makes pulling dependencies down from Maven or JCenter super easy. When adding libraries like this to your projects, start thinking in terms of adding the dependency via accessing JCenter or Maven instead of manually downloading and placing the jar in your project.
compile 'com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-android:4.45'
compile 'com.j256.ormlite:ormlite-core:4.45'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'
compile 'com.squareup:otto:1.3.8'
compile 'net.hockeyapp.android:HockeySDK:3.7.2'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.4.0'
compile 'com.github.kevinsawicki:http-request:6.0'
Here's their associating website references:
OrmLite
Picasso
Otto
Hockey
Analytics
HTTP Request

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug'

Good day.
After updating google repository in AndroidStudio, I have an issue
> Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug'.
> com.android.build.transform.api.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException: duplicate entry:
> android/support/v7/cardview/BuildConfig.class
I'm trying to exclude group android.support from play-services, it did not help.
When I started my project on another PC I have:
> Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug'.
> com.android.build.transform.api.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException: duplicate entry:
> android/support/annotation/AnimRes.class
my build.gradle:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'com.android.databinding'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "ru.alexeyk.myevents"
minSdkVersion 14
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 16
versionName "1.121"
multiDexEnabled true
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile('com.github.nkzawa:socket.io-client:0.4.2') {
exclude group: 'org.json', module: 'json'
}
compile files('libs/sentry-1.1.4.jar')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.1.0'
compile 'com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:1.9.4'
compile 'com.github.machinarius:preferencefragment:0.1.2'
compile 'com.edmodo:cropper:1.0.1'
compile 'com.makeramen:roundedimageview:2.1.1'
compile 'org.ocpsoft.prettytime:prettytime:4.0.0.Final'
compile 'com.yandex.android:mobmetricalib:2.00#aar'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:8.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:8.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics:8.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-identity:8.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:8.1.0'
}

In terminal execute in root project folder:
./gradlew clean
It helped me.

AndroidStudio Menu:
Build/Clean Project
Update old dependencies

All the above not working for me.. Because I am using Facebook Ad dependency..
Incase If anybody using this dependency compile 'com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.16.0'
Try this code instead of above
compile ('com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.16.0'){
exclude group: 'com.google.android.gms'
}

Open your system command prompt/terminal -> Go to your Project folder path (root project folder ) -> Execute following command : command :- gradlew clean or ./gradlew clean
Make sure that all your gradle dependencies are of same version. -> Example :- your appcompat and recyclerview dependencies should have same version.
-> Change your gradle dependencies to same version like :-
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.4.0'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.4.0'
-> Rebuild your project and it will work fine.

Use project root in terminal like this:-/Users/rajnish/Desktop/RankProjects/ProjectCloud
After that enter this command ./gradlew clean
It will work.

There may be different reason for reported issue, few days back also face this issue 'duplicate jar', after upgrading studio. From all stackoverflow I tried all the suggestion but nothing worked for me.
But this is for sure some duplicate jar is there, For me it was present in one library libs folder as well as project libs folder. So I removed from project libs folder as it was not required here. So be careful while updating the studio, and try to understand all the gradle error.

I got this error because I did not have the correct line in my build.gradle. I am using the org.apache.http.legacy.jar library, which requires this:
android{
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
...
}
So check that you have everything in your gradle file that is required.

I resolved the issue by double checking the "libs" directory and removing redundant jars, even though those jars were not manually added in the dependencies.

see if their duplicate jars or dependencies your adding remove it and your error will be gone:
Eg:
if you add android:supportv4 jar and also dependency you will get the error so remove the jar error will be gone

I resolve this is by changing the version no of recyleview to recyclerview-v7:24.2.1.
Please check your dependencies and use the proper version number.

For me the issue was caused by com.google.android.exoplayer conflicting with com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk.
I fixed the problem by excluding the exoplayer library from the audience-network-sdk :
compile ('com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.24.0') {
exclude group: 'com.google.android.exoplayer'
}