what is the category parameter in define a receiver - android

I know that when I define a Broadcast receiver from manifest in bellow of intent filter I can define category that it's optional.
<receiver android:name=".PushMessageReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<!-- Receives the actual messages. -->
<category android:name="com.test.myAppname" />
<action android:name="com.test.client.MSGRECEIVE" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
I googled but cant get it what is the exact point of adding category or how I can use it. I appreciate to give me some examples.

MainActivity.java
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
/**
* send
*
*/
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private static final String MY_ACTION = "com.chaowen.action.MY_ACTION";
private Button btn;
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button01);
btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent= new Intent();
intent.setAction(MY_ACTION);
//Intent message
intent.putExtra("msg", "ha ha");
//send
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
});
}
}
MyReceiver.java
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* receive
*
*/
public class MyReceive extends BroadcastReceiver {
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//get Intent message
String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<Button
android:text="send..."
android:id="#+id/Button01"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.chaowen"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="4" />
<application android:icon="#drawable/icon" android:label="#string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver
android:name="MyReceive"
>
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="com.chaowen.action.MY_ACTION" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>

Related

nfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessage message not sent or accepted

I am building 2 NFC enabled apps, one is supposed to send a message and the other to receive it.
Sending app Android Manifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.joyride.nfc_merchant">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="#mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/Theme.NFC_Merchant">
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
Sending app Main Activity
package com.joyride.nfc_merchant;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.nfc.NdefMessage;
import android.nfc.NdefRecord;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
String message;
NdefRecord ndefRecord;
NdefMessage ndefMessage;
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
}
public void sendMessage(View view) {
message = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.text_message)).getText().toString();
ndefRecord = NdefRecord.createTextRecord(null, message);
ndefMessage = new NdefMessage(ndefRecord);
nfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessage(ndefMessage, this);
}
}
Receiving app android Manifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.joyride.nfc_customer">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="#mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/Theme.NFC_Customer">
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
Receiving app Main Activity
package com.joyride.nfc_customer;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.nfc.NdefMessage;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
#Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
TextView messageView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.messageView);
if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(intent.getAction())) {
Parcelable[] rawMessages =
intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES);
if (rawMessages != null) {
NdefMessage[] messages = new NdefMessage[rawMessages.length];
for (int i = 0; i < rawMessages.length; i++) {
messageView.setText(((NdefMessage) rawMessages[i]).toString());
}
}
}
}
}
I've installed each app on another phone. Off course the receiving app is not registering the message. Am I missing something here? How do I go about debugging this?

Android. Intent.ACTION CAMERA BUTTON is not working

Learning broadcast messages. The book DN Kolisnichenko - "Programming for Android" is an example of where the camera at the touch of a button starts the service. But I have it che does not work. What is the problem? Or I do not know what is the camera button (physical or on the display), or do not understand what is wrong. Here is the code of the example:
MainActivity.java
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
MyReceiver iReceiver = new MyReceiver();
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
IntentFilter iFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON);
iFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON);
registerReceiver(iReceiver, iFilter);
}
#Override
protected void onDestroy() {
unregisterReceiver(iReceiver);
super.onDestroy();
}
}
MyReceiver.java
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
#Override
public void onReceive(Context rcvContext, Intent rcvIntent) {
String action = rcvIntent.getAction();
if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON)) {
rcvContext.startService(new Intent(rcvContext,
MyService.class));
}
}
}
MyService.java
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyService extends Service {
#Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return null;
}
#Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Toast.makeText(this,"Service started...",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
#Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Toast.makeText(this, "Service destroyed...",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
And manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.ivarious.myapplication">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
<action android:name="android.intent.action.CAMERA_BUTTON" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<action android:name="android.intent.action.CAMERA_BUTTON" />
</intent-filter>
<service android:name=".MyService"></service>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.CAMERA_BUTTON" />
<action android:name="android.intent.extra.KEY_EVENT" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
Make Sure You Added The Camera Permission to your Manifest
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />

can broadcast receiver handle ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED?

I am trying to write an app that would perform following operations:
once the user unlock the phone he has 10 seconds to scan an NFC tag in order to start camera app. and the NFC tag will have a mime type of
application/com.testformat.nfcdemo
To detect screen unlock, I used a broadcast receiver to detected User present.
And this works fine.
And I started a CountdownTimer inside the broadcast receiver for 10 seconds.
And the NFC detection part did not work, I could use some help here! thank you all!
My activity:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class DisplayActivity extends Activity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main_layout);
}
}
Manifest xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.nfc"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="16"
android:targetSdkVersion="19" />
<application android:icon="#drawable/icon" android:label="#string/app_name">
<activity
android:name=".DisplayActivity"
android:label="#string/activity_title" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".ScreenStateReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.USER_PRESENT" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:mimeType="application/com.testformat.nfcdemo" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
Receiver:
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.nfc.NfcAdapter;
import android.os.CountDownTimer;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class ScreenStateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private boolean countdown_end = false;
NfcAdapter mNfcAdapter;
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT)) {
CharSequence text = context.getResources().getString(R.string.unlock_message);
int duration = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT;
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, duration);
toast.show();
startCountdown(10000);
if (intent.getAction().equals(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED)) {
if (!countdown_end) {
text = context.getResources().getString(R.string.nfc_detected);
Toast nfc_toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, duration);
toast.show();
}
}else if ( intent.getAction().equals(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED)){
if (!countdown_end) {
text = context.getResources().getString(R.string.nfc_detected);
Toast nfc_toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, duration);
toast.show();
}
}
}
}
private void startCountdown(long milliseconds){
new CountDownTimer(milliseconds, 1000) {
#Override
public void onTick(long l) {
}
public void onFinish() {
countdown_end=true;
}
}.start();
}
}
can broadcast receiver handle ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED?
No. That is an activity action, used with startActivity(). It is not broadcast and therefore cannot be picked up by a BroadcastReceiver.

Why app not launching on booting android device?

I am testing the following app on HTC with Android 2.3.5. For some reason app is not launching on restarting or booting the phone.
I need to know where am I wrong exactly?
BootReciever.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class BootupReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "App started", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
/*
Intent startActivityIntent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class);
startActivityIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
context.startActivity(startActivityIntent);
*/
// context.startActivity(new Intent(context, MainActivity.class));
}
}
MainActivity.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.content.Intent;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}
Android Manifest File:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.androidbootreciever"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.hello_android_world.MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name="com.example.androidbootreciever.BootupReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
The code is working on restart but not on turning on the phone after shutting it down. Here are the messages that I receive in my logcat:
You extended BootupReceiver with Activity?
It should be extended with Broadcast Receiver.
public class BootupReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
}
Your Receiver:
public class AutoStartBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent receivedIntent) {
context.startActivity(new Intent(context, YourActivity.class));
}
}
Your Manifest:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<receiver android:name="com.example.receiver.AutoStartBroadcastReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
Good luck!
You need to write following permission,
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
If your application is stored on External storage then you should provide following intent filter,
<receiver android:name=".BootupReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
See App Install Location.

Android:Broadcast demo not working

I am new to android, i am trying a broadcast demo, I gave my best effort by reading the documentation but its not working. Please have a look at my code:
BroadcastDemoActivity.java
package com.broadcastdemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class BroadcastDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
public static final String PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS = "com.paad.action.PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS";
#Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Intent intent = new Intent(PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS);
intent.putExtra("Holiday", "8th April is a holiday");
sendBroadcast(getIntent());
}
}
Receive.java
package com.broadcastdemo;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class Receive extends BroadcastReceiver {
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String message = intent.getStringExtra("Holiday");
Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
Manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.broadcastdemo"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="15" />
<application
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<activity
android:name=".BroadcastDemoActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".Receive">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.paad.action.PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
I know that i am missing something which i am not aware of, please help.
I believe your problem is in the call to sendBroadcast.
Intent intent = new Intent(PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS);
intent.putExtra("Holiday", "8th April is a holiday");
sendBroadcast(getIntent());
You are not sending the intent that you construct, you're sending the intent returned from getIntent(), which will be the intent that the activity was started with.
It should be
Intent intent = new Intent(PUBLIC_HOLIDAYS);
intent.putExtra("Holiday", "8th April is a holiday");
sendBroadcast(intent);

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