I understand how Dagger2 works,
I understand it allows to easily swap dependencies, so we can use mocks for testing.
Point is that I am not sure I understand how am I supposed to provide different Dagger2 Components implementations for testing and for debug/production.
Would I need to create 2 Gradle productFlavors (e.g "Production"/"Test")
that would contain 2 different Components definition?
Or can I specify that I want to use the mock Component for test compile and the non mock Component for non test builds?
I am confused, please some clarification would be great!
Thanks a lot!
Unit testing
Don’t use Dagger for unit testing
For testing a class with #Inject annotated constructor you don't need dagger. Instead create an instance using the constructor with fake or mock dependencies.
final class ThingDoer {
private final ThingGetter getter;
private final ThingPutter putter;
#Inject ThingDoer(ThingGetter getter, ThingPutter putter) {
this.getter = getter;
this.putter = putter;
}
String doTheThing(int howManyTimes) { /* … */ }
}
public class ThingDoerTest {
#Test
public void testDoTheThing() {
ThingDoer doer = new ThingDoer(fakeGetter, fakePutter);
assertEquals("done", doer.doTheThing(5));
}
}
Functional/integration/end-to-end testing
Functional/integration/end-to-end tests typically use the production
application, but substitute fakes[^fakes-not-mocks] for persistence,
backends, and auth systems, leaving the rest of the application to
operate normally. That approach lends itself to having one (or maybe a
small finite number) of test configurations, where the test
configuration replaces some of the bindings in the prod configuration.
You have two options here:
Option 1: Override bindings by subclassing modules
#Component(modules = {AuthModule.class, /* … */})
interface MyApplicationComponent { /* … */ }
#Module
class AuthModule {
#Provides AuthManager authManager(AuthManagerImpl impl) {
return impl;
}
}
class FakeAuthModule extends AuthModule {
#Override
AuthManager authManager(AuthManagerImpl impl) {
return new FakeAuthManager();
}
}
MyApplicationComponent testingComponent = DaggerMyApplicationComponent.builder()
.authModule(new FakeAuthModule())
.build();
Option 2: Separate component configurations
#Component(modules = {
OAuthModule.class, // real auth
FooServiceModule.class, // real backend
OtherApplicationModule.class,
/* … */ })
interface ProductionComponent {
Server server();
}
#Component(modules = {
FakeAuthModule.class, // fake auth
FakeFooServiceModule.class, // fake backend
OtherApplicationModule.class,
/* … */})
interface TestComponent extends ProductionComponent {
FakeAuthManager fakeAuthManager();
FakeFooService fakeFooService();
}
More about it in the official documentation testing page.
Related
I am trying to understand an example for an app with offline support using retrofit and room:
You can find the code for it here:
This project is using dependency injections with Dagger2. I've never worked with it so I am trying to understand how things work together. I understand the purpose of dependency injection but I don't understand the implementation of the project above.
I found a very good introduction into Dagger2 here:
A Friendly Introduction to Dagger 2
Dagger 2 example Code:
I worked through it and got most of it. Back to the actual project I am trying to understand (link 2). It still doesn't make sense to me and here is why:
The interface AppComponent has one method which is used:
public void inject(MainActivity2ViewModel viewModelModule); The return type is void. In the Dagger2 sample project (link 3 and 4) they use WeatherReporter getWeatherReporter(); which makes sense because later they call this method to get a WeatherReporter-Instance and Dagger2 manages all of the instantation process in the background. But I get nothing if the return type is void. Why is the return type not an object?
There is one #Inject in MainActivity2ViewModel:
#Inject
public void setRepository(GitHubRepository2 repository) {
this.repository = repository;
}
repository is the only field of MainActivity2ViewModel so it is a dependency. The GitHubRepository2 constructor has 3 parameters:
#Inject
public GitHubRepository2(GitHubApi api, GitHubDao dao, Executor executor)
For each of them there is a module explaining how to create those objects. But why is there an AppModule and a NetModule? Maybe the AppModule is there because DaoModule needs an Application reference but why is there a NetModule and where is it used?
There's a lot of comprehensive tutorials about Dagger2 in Android. But I'll show you a glimpse of what it's used for. And minimal usage.
Ultimately, dagger will use the annotation #Inject which will provide(reference to the object or value) to the variable.
Injection is usually used on reusable or boilerplate objects like Dao, Repository, ViewModel, NetworkAdapter
class SomethingThatRequiresNetwork { // Activity, Fragment
#Inject
MyReusableNetworkAdapter myReusableNetworkAdapter;
String baseUrl; // for example purpose only
SomeDependency someDependency;
void init() {
// #NOTE: DaggerMyExampleComponent is a generated class. It will be red before compilation.
MyExampleComponent MyExampleComponent = DaggerMyExampleComponent.builder().build();
MyExampleComponent.inject(this); // the actual injection happens here
}
// yes, you can just use #Inject on the variables directly but this is another use.
#Inject
void methodInjection(String baseUrl, SomeDependency someDependency) {
this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
this.someDependency = someDependency;
}
}
// ANSWER to the two questions
// this is a pseudocode of the generated code. You do not write this
// MyExampleComponent class
void inject(SomethingThatRequiresNetwork obj) {
// #NOTE: modules are actually instantiated by MyExampleComponent. Not called statically. I just shortened it
obj.myReusableNetworkAdapter = NetModule.provideNetworkAdapter();
obj.methodInjection(NetModule.provideBaseUrl(), SomeModule.provideSomeDependency());
}
// these here are modules that provide by return TYPE
// you write these
#Module
class NetModule {
#Provides
#Singleton
String provideBaseUrl() {
return "www.some-url.com";
}
#Provides
#Singleton // will store the object and reuse it.
// #NOTE: provision can work internally within modules or inter-module. the input here is provided by provideBaseUrl
MyReusableNetworkAdapter provideNetworkAdapter(String baseUrl) {
return new MyReusableNetworkAdapter(baseUrl);
}
}
#Modules
class SomeModule {
#Provides
#Singleton
SomeDependency provideSomeDependency() {
return new SomeDependency();
}
}
// Component. uses modules
#Singleton // .build() will reuse
#Component(modules = {NetModule.class, SomeModule.class})
interface MyExampleComponent {
// the method name doesn't matter
// the class type does matter though.
void inject(SomethingThatRequiresNetwork somethingThatRequiresNetwork);
// some other class that needs injection. #NOTE: I did not give example for this
void inject(SomethingThatRequiresDependency some);
}
NOTE. This code is usually written from bottom to top lol. You start writing the Component then Module then Injections.
Just follow the calls from the top of this answer and you'll figure out how Dagger2 works.
Im learning Dagger 2, i have noticed that in some examples there is a #Singleton in the module's methods and on other #Singleton on the Component's methods? What is the difference and what exactly a #Singleton annotation on a module's method and on an component's method mean?
Since you're a beginner, I highly recommend just trying stuff. Writing unit tests is easy enough, and it helps to understand and prove theories.
If you didn't already, read the User's Guide for some basic knowledge about dagger and scopes.
Annotating methods in components (provision methods) doesn't have any effect. You will have to annotate the class or providing method in a module. I want to quickly show how you can just quickly prove this yourself:
We have 2 Component, one using a scope #Singleton, the other one none:
#Singleton
#Component(modules = SingletonModule.class)
public interface SingletonComponent {
Object getObject();
}
#Component(modules = NormalModule.class)
public interface NormalComponent {
#Singleton
Object getObject();
}
With those components come 2 modules, one providing the singleton scoped object (same as the component) the other one just uses no scope:
#Module
public class SingletonModule {
#Provides
#Singleton
public Object provideObject() {
return new Object();
}
}
#Module
public class NormalModule {
#Provides
public Object provideObject() {
return new Object();
}
}
And now we just create a small test:
public class ComponentTest {
#Test
public void testSingletonComponent() {
SingletonComponent component = DaggerSingletonComponent.create();
Assert.assertEquals(component.getObject(), component.getObject());
}
#Test
public void testNormalComponent() {
NormalComponent component = DaggerNormalComponent.create();
Assert.assertNotSame(component.getObject(), component.getObject());
}
}
This test will succeed and prove that annotating methods in components doesn't do anything. Scoping objects in modules, or annotating the class itself when using constructor injection will result in the object being reused within the same scope / the same component.
Creating 2 components of the same scope will also lead to duplicate objects, as can be proven like this:
#Test
public void testTwoSingleonComponents() {
SingletonComponent component1 = DaggerSingletonComponent.create();
SingletonComponent component2 = DaggerSingletonComponent.create();
Assert.assertNotSame(component1.getObject(), component2.getObject());
}
Be sure to read some tutorials and be sure to try things out. The compiler will complain if you do things wrong! :)
I started using dagger 2.2 and the module methods in the Component builder are deprecated.
This is my Application component :
#Component(modules = ApplicationModule.class)
public interface ApplicationComponent {
void inject(Application application);
}
And the Application module:
#Module
public class ApplicationModule {
Application application;
public ApplicationModule(Application application) {
this.application = application;
}
#Provides
#Singleton
Application providesApplication() {
return application;
}
}
Here is the generated class:
#Generated(
value = "dagger.internal.codegen.ComponentProcessor",
comments = "https://google.github.io/dagger"
)
public final class DaggerApplicationComponent implements ApplicationComponent {
private DaggerApplicationComponent(Builder builder) {
assert builder != null;
}
public static Builder builder() {
return new Builder();
}
public static ApplicationComponent create() {
return builder().build();
}
#Override
public void inject(Application application) {
MembersInjectors.<Application>noOp().injectMembers(application);
}
public static final class Builder {
private Builder() {}
public ApplicationComponent build() {
return new DaggerApplicationComponent(this);
}
/**
* #deprecated This module is declared, but an instance is not used in the component. This method is a no-op. For more, see https://google.github.io/dagger/unused-modules.
*/
#Deprecated
public Builder applicationModule(ApplicationModule applicationModule) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(applicationModule);
return this;
}
}
}
How do I initialize the component if not with the ComponentBuilder?
You should read the description of why it is deprecated. If you are using an IDE like IntelliJ or Android Studio you can just select the method and hit Control + Q on Windows to read the Javadoc including the deprecation notice.
The Javadoc reads:
#deprecated This module is declared, but an instance is not used in the component. This method is a no-op. For more, see https://google.github.io/dagger/unused-modules.
And from this link you can see:
When the Dagger processor generates components, it only requires instances of modules and component dependencies that are explicitly needed to supply requests for a binding.
If all of a module’s methods that are used in the component are static, Dagger does not need an instance of that module at all. Dagger can invoke the static methods directly without a module.
If a module provides no bindings for a Component, no instance of that module is necessary to construct the graph.
It is safe to say that you can just ignore the deprecation. It is intended to notify you of unused methods and modules. As soon as you actually require / use Application somewhere in your subgraph the module is going to be needed, and the deprecation warning will go away.
It show deprecated because you are not using Component and module in your application by
#Inject
SomeObjectFromModule mSomeObject
if you are not injecting dependencies in your applications there is no use of initialising your component so dagger look for at least one usage
once you add these lines in any classes you want to inject views and then clean build and rebuild the project and your deprecation will be solved
It showing error when my Module have no #Provides method or the object that provide by Dagger is not used in app.
Example to remove deprecated module
Module
#Module
public class SecondActivityModule {
#Provides
Book provideBookTest() {
return new Book();
}
}
Activity
public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
#Inject
Book test;
...
}
OR in Component
#Component(modules = SecondModule.class)
public interface SecondComponent {
void inject(SecondActivity activity);
Book getBookTest();
}
I have the same problem with host and I just want everyone has deprecated issue on Generated component builder class should check two things to save time:
1/ Correct dagger syntax for module, component also check carefully where you inject.
2/ Must have injection object (inject annotation and its object) in place you want to inject or else the dagger compiler cannot see where to use your module so some method will be deprecated.Just inject at least one module's provides to your injection place and re-compile the code, you won't have that issue anymore :)
you will get module method deprecated if you declare void inject(AppCompactActivity activity); in component class. instead of you have to use tight coupling like following void inject(MainActivity activity);and rebuild your project you will see, there is no deprecate method in module class
Yes, I know this has been asked before, and yes, I know it is "by design".
But I'd like to do something like this:
#Component(modules = {RealmModule.class})
public interface RealmComponent {
Realm realm();
}
#Component(modules = {RepositoryModule.class})
public interface RepositoryComponent {
PersonRepository personRepository();
ScheduleRepository schedulesRepository();
}
#Component(dependencies = {RealmComponent.class, RepositoryComponent.class})
public interface AppDataComponent
extends RealmComponent, RepositoryComponent {
}
#ApplicationScope
#Component(dependencies = {AppContextComponent.class,
AppDataComponent.class,
AppDomainComponent.class,
AppPresentationComponent.class,
AppUtilsComponent.class})
public interface ApplicationComponent
extends AppContextComponent, AppDataComponent, AppDomainComponent, AppUtilsComponent, AppPresentationComponent {
void inject(CustomApplication customApplication);
void inject(DashboardActivity dashboardActivity);
}
However, what I get is unscoped, every time I inject a JobManager or a ScheduleRepository or anything else, I get a new instance. The only way I could "fix" that was this.
#Module
public class JobManagerModule {
private JobManager jobManager;
#Provides
public JobManager jobManager(Context context) {
if(jobManager == null) {
jobManager = new JobManager(context, new Configuration.Builder(context).networkUtil(
new WifiOrMobileNetworkUtil(context)).build());
}
return jobManager;
}
}
Not a fan.
So, how is one meant to structure and rip apart the dependency tree, without making one big gigantic über blob component that has every single module listed and every single provision method (instead of these "subcomponent" component dependencies)?
I tried using subcomponents for this, but then you have to provide every single module for the final ApplicationComponent.
I'm not sure what to do here. I tried specifying #Singleton for every first-level component and #SubcomponentScope for every AppDataLevelComponent, I also tried making a new scope for every single subcomponent, but both of them failed with "cannot depend on multiple scoped components".
EDIT: Apparently in order to get scoped providers, marking the components with the scope is not enough - you must specify the scope for the #Provides annotated methods too.
#Module
public class RepositoryModule {
#Provides
#Singleton
public PersonRepository personRepository() {
return new PersonRepositoryImpl();
}
#Provides
#Singleton
public ScheduleRepository schedulesRepository() {
return new SchedulesRepositoryImpl();
}
}
In the meantime, I ended up with this übercomponent.
#Singleton
#Component(modules = {
AppContextModule.class,
DbMapperModule.class,
DbTaskModule.class,
RealmModule.class,
RepositoryModule.class,
InteractorModule.class,
ServiceModule.class,
PresenterModule.class,
XmlPersisterModule.class
})
public interface ApplicationComponent
extends AppContextComponent, AppDataComponent, AppDomainComponent, AppUtilsComponent, AppPresentationComponent {
Where the xyzComponent classes are just interfaces to store the provision methods...
(Please note that this structure is an anti-pattern as described by Martin Fowler, and you should organize modules based on features / activities, and make them into subscoped components using component dependencies. Component dependencies are used to subscope your superscope components, and "inherit" dependency providers.)
I had same problems like you not while ago and ended using the same ubercomponent approach except I use #Subcomponents in order organize the things and not to have all modules listed in the ubercomponent (I call it "top" or "app's" component).
You may see an example here:
How to migrate missing inject from module with complete = false from Dagger 1 to Dagger 2
Alright, I'm having an issue trying to mix frameworks.
So, I have a #SharedPref annotated class that should generate a Shared Preferences manager from Android Annotations. The class looks a bit something like this:
DownloadPrefs.java
#SharedPref(value= SharedPref.Scope.UNIQUE)
public interface DownloadPrefs {
#DefaultBoolean(false)
boolean hasEnabledDownload();
#DefaultBoolean(false)
boolean showedDownloadDialog();
#DefaultLong(0)
long downloadRefreshedOn();
}
Now, I'd like to inject the resulting class (which will be DownloadPrefs_) into a Fragment to make use of it. The fragment has had working injection before adding the new module, so I'm only going to write here what I added:
Fragment.java
#Inject DownloadPrefs_ downloadPrefs;
Now, since the actual DownloadPrefs_ class is generated at runtime, it would make the most sense to create an #Provides annotation for it, since I can't mark a constructor as injected. Nor does the DownloadPrefs_ have a no-arg constructor. The module I'm using then receives the new #Provides:
DownloaderModule.java
#Provides //#Singleton // Does not work with/out #Singleton
DownloadPrefs_ provideDownloadPrefs() {
return new DownloadPrefs_(MinimalBible.getApplication());
}
To be technical about it, the DownloadPrefs_ constructor that gets generated by Android Annotations expects a Context passed to it, I would have guessed that the Application context would be suitable. Otherwise, I'm not sure how I could possibly get access to the Activity context. Or whether that would actually break the ObjectGraph.
However, when I go to run the actual injection, I get the following message:
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Errors creating object graph:
org.bspeice.minimalbible.activities.downloader.DownloadPrefs_ has no injectable members. Do you want to add an injectable constructor? required by class org.bspeice.minimalbible.activities.downloader.BookListFragment
Any clue on what's going on? It doesn't seem like the questions asking about "no injectable members" on other SO questions answered my case. I had a working app before adding the code above.
UPDATE: After doing some double-checking, I came across the following weird behavior. If I copy out the pre-built Android Annotations class, rename it, and inject that, everything works. Additionally, I can verify that the original built Android Annotations class (the DownloadPrefs_.java) does in fact exist in the .dex, so Dagger should have no reason to not be able to find it. Everything is doing a debug build, so I can't imagine ProGuard is messing anything up.
At this point, I'm going to create a minimal project to demonstrate the error, and file an issue with Dagger. In the mean time, just need to rewrite the Prefs class until I can get this sorted out.
UPDATE 5/12/2014
Here are the modules responsible for injection:
MinimalBibleModules.java
#Module(
injects = {
MinimalBible.class
},
includes = {
ActivityModules.class
}
)
public class MinimalBibleModules {
}
ActivityModules.java
#Module(
includes = {
ActivityDownloaderModule.class
}
)
public class ActivityModules {
}
ActivityDownloaderModule.java
#Module(
injects = {
BookListFragment.class,
DownloadManager.class,
BookRefreshTask.class
}
)
public class ActivityDownloaderModule {
#Provides #Singleton
DownloadManager provideDownloadManager() {
return new DownloadManager();
}
#Provides
EventBus provideBus() {
return new EventBus();
}
#Provides //#Singleton
DownloadPrefs_ provideDownloadPrefs() {
return new DownloadPrefs_(MinimalBible.getApplication());
}
}
Also, how the graph gets created:
MinimalBible.java
public class MinimalBible extends Application {
private ObjectGraph graph;
private static MinimalBible instance;
public MinimalBible() {
instance = this;
}
#Override
public void onCreate() {
graph = ObjectGraph.create(new MinimalBibleModules());
graph.inject(this);
}
There are two parts here. First, how you get access to the Context. You can do static things as you are, though that's not advisable. Generally, you should configure your graph with a stateful module that carries the context, like this:
#Module
class ApplicationModule {
private final Application application;
public ApplicationModule(Application app) {
this.application = app;
}
// you can mark this singleton, but it's minor overhead
// and the fact that you have a single instance stored
// means it's semantically equivalent. But for clarity
// it's sometimes good to make the point.
#Provides
#Singleton
Application application() {
return application;
}
// optionally: bind it as a Context with a qualifier.
// note: never bind Context without a qualifier annotation
// as Activity and Application are both Context subtypes.
#Provides
#Singleton
#PerApplication
Context appContext(Application app) {
// Doing this instead of returning this.application is
// semantically equivalent but links #PerApplication Context
// to Application, so in graph analysis and error reporting
// the link is clearer. That's a personal choice.
return app;
}
}
At any rate, you then when you create the graph:
Application appInstance = ...;
ObjectGraph appGraph = ObjectGraph.create(
MyAppModule.class,
new ApplicationModule(appInstance));
The Application is then seeded into the graph and can be depended-upon by other types that declare it as a dependency.