Develop Reference

Receive callback on all Android media button events all the time (even when another app is playing audio)

Background Info: I need to detect whenever a user presses the play/pause button found on most headsets (KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE).
I have it all mostly working using MediaSessions, but when another app starts playing audio, I stop getting callbacks.
It seems like this is because the app that's playing audio created its own MediaSession and Android sends KeyEvents only to the newest MediaSession. To prevent this I create an OnActiveSessionsChangedListener and create a new MediaSession every time it fires.
This does work, but every time I create a new MediaSession, the listener fires again, so I find myself stuck in an inf loop.
My Question: does anyone know how I can do any of the following??:
Prevent other apps from stealing my media button focus
Detect when I've lost media button focus to another app, so I can create a new MediaSession only then, rather then whenever the active
sessions change
Check if I currently already have media button focus so I needlessly create a new MediaSession
What didn't work:
BroadcastReceiver on
AudioEffect.ACTION_OPEN_AUDIO_EFFECT_CONTROL_SESSION didn't work
because apps have to manually trigger that Broadcast, and many apps,
like NPR One do not
AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener didn't work because it requires I have
audio focus
BroadcastReceiver with max priority on android.intent.action.MEDIA_BUTTON & calling abortBroadcast(), but when other apps were playing audio, my receiver wasn't triggered. Also, other apps can set max priority as well.
My Code:
mMediaSessionManager.addOnActiveSessionsChangedListener(controllers -> {
boolean updateButtonReceiver = false;
// recreate MediaSession if another app handles media buttons
for (MediaController mediaController : controllers) {
if (!TextUtils.equals(getPackageName(), mediaController.getPackageName())) {
if ((mediaController.getFlags() & (MediaSessionCompat.FLAG_HANDLES_MEDIA_BUTTONS | MediaSessionCompat.FLAG_HANDLES_TRANSPORT_CONTROLS)) != 0L) {
updateButtonReceiver = true;
}
}
}
if (updateButtonReceiver) {
// using a handler with a delay of about 2 seconds because this listener fires very often.
mAudioFocusHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);
mAudioFocusHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, AUDIO_FOCUS_DELAY_MS);
}
}, ClickAppNotificationListener.getComponentName(this));
Here is the handler that gets triggered:
private final Handler mAudioFocusHandler = new Handler() {
#Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (mShouldBeEnabled) {
updateButtonReceiverEnabled(true);
}
}
};
And finally here is the method that the Handler triggers:
private void updateButtonReceiverEnabled(boolean shouldBeEnabled) {
// clear old session (not sure if this is necessary)
if (mMediaSession != null) {
mMediaSession.setActive(false);
mMediaSession.setFlags(0);
mMediaSession.setCallback(null);
mMediaSession.release();
mMediaSession = null;
}
mMediaSession = new MediaSessionCompat(this, MEDIA_SESSION_TAG);
mMediaSession.setCallback(mMediaButtonCallback);
mMediaSession.setFlags(MediaSessionCompat.FLAG_HANDLES_MEDIA_BUTTONS | MediaSessionCompat.FLAG_HANDLES_TRANSPORT_CONTROLS);
mMediaSession.setPlaybackToLocal(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mMediaSession.setActive(true);
mMediaSession.setPlaybackState(new PlaybackStateCompat.Builder()
.setActions(PlaybackStateCompat.ACTION_PLAY_PAUSE)
.setState(PlaybackStateCompat.STATE_CONNECTING, 0, 0f)
.build());
if (shouldBeEnabled != mShouldBeEnabled) {
getPackageManager().setComponentEnabledSetting(mMediaButtonComponent,
shouldBeEnabled
? PackageManager.COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE_ENABLED
: PackageManager.COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE_DISABLED,
PackageManager.DONT_KILL_APP);
}
mShouldBeEnabled = shouldBeEnabled;
}
Thanks!

if you just want to capture MediaButton you can register a BroadcastReceiver to get Media Button action all the time .
MediaButtonIntentReceiver class :
public class MediaButtonIntentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
public MediaButtonIntentReceiver() {
super();
}
#Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String intentAction = intent.getAction();
if (!Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON.equals(intentAction)) {
return;
}
KeyEvent event = (KeyEvent)intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_KEY_EVENT);
if (event == null) {
return;
}
int action = event.getAction();
if (action == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
// do something
Toast.makeText(context, "BUTTON PRESSED!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
abortBroadcast();
}
}
add this to manifest.xml:
<receiver android:name=".MediaButtonIntentReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_BUTTON" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
and register your BroadcastReceiver like this ( in main activity)
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON);
MediaButtonIntentReceiver r = new MediaButtonIntentReceiver();
filter.setPriority(1000);
registerReceiver(r, filter);
also look at :
How to capture key events from bluetooth headset with android
How do I intercept button presses on the headset in Android?

The controllers you get in OnActiveSessionsChangedListener is ordered by priority. You only have to create a new MediaSession if you see that your MediaSessionis not the first one in the list.
Note that you might still run into an infinite loop if there is another app contending the media key events using the same approach.

Sinch video calling example issue

I have try a sinch video calling example in my project but , I can't understand what is CALL_ID in sinchservice class in sinch video calling example.

That is just custom field name which will be sent when you receive call. It stores unique call id received from Sinch for calling. You can check it in SinchService.java
public static final String CALL_ID = "CALL_ID";
and when you receive call, unique call id will be passed as extra in Intent.
#Override
public void onIncomingCall(CallClient callClient, Call call) {
Log.d(TAG, "Incoming call");
Intent intent = new Intent(SinchService.this, IncomingCallScreenActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(CALL_ID, call.getCallId());
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
SinchService.this.startActivity(intent);
}

Ringtone plays over and over again (looping infinitely)

I have an Android app that plays a notification ringtone (RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION) when certain events are sent to a BroadcastReceiver.
The code that plays the ringtone basically does:
onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
...
Uri ringtoneUri = someFunctionToLookupAValidNotificationRingtoneUri();
...
Ringtone tone = RingtoneManager.getRingtone(context, uri);
Log.v(TAG, "About to play ringtone");
tone.play();
}
Every so often when this code is run, the ringtone starts playing over and over again infinitely. Sometimes it happens when a large number of events are bunched close together, but it has also happened when only one event came in. The log message (and debugging) verifies that the tone.play() call is happening only once per event, and there isn't an infinite stream of events.
The only way stop the infinite looping is to kill my app.
It's almost as if every so often, Android forgets to flush the sound output buffer and so it keeps looping through playing whatever is inside.
Any ideas how to debug and/or fix this issue?

I had a similar problem. It turned out that when a ringtone is played, it will repeat indefinitely until stopped, whereas when a notification sound is played, it will play only once. So my guess is that the difference in your case lies in whether a ringtone or a notification sound was selected in someFunctionToLookupAValidNotificationRingtoneUri(). As you do not supply the code for someFunctionToLookupAValidNotificationRingtoneUri(), I cannot know what happens there.
Picking a notification sound
If you use a ringtone picker for the user to select a notification sound, this code will start the intent to pick a notification sound as opposed to a ringtone:
private void PickANotificationSound() {
Intent intent = new Intent(RingtoneManager.ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER);
// We want a notification sound picked. If we don't add this to the
// intent, a ringtone is picked; this means that when it is played,
// it will keep on playing until it is explicitly stopped. A
// notification sound, however, plays only once.
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE,
RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
// Start the intent to pick a notification sound. The result will show
// up later when onActivityResult() is called.
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUESTCODE_NOTIFICATION_SOUND);
}
where REQUESTCODE_NOTIFICATION_SOUND is just a local constant with any name and value, identifying the request:
private static final int REQUESTCODE_NOTIFICATION_SOUND = 1;
An onActivityResult() callback function like this will then pick up the notification sound URI and play it:
#Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode,
Intent data) {
if (requestCode == REQUESTCODE_NOTIFICATION_SOUND) {
try {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Uri ringtoneUri = data.getParcelableExtra(
RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI);
if (ringtoneUri != null) {
PlayRingtoneOrNotificationSoundFromUri(ringtoneUri);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}
private void PlayRingtoneOrNotificationSoundFromUri(Uri ringtoneUri) {
Ringtone ringtone = RingtoneManager.getRingtone(
getApplicationContext(), ringtoneUri);
if (ringtone != null) {
ringtone.play();
}
}
Because we said in the intent that we wanted to pick a notification sound, the resulting sound is a notification sound and is therefore only played once after the call to ringtone.play().
If we had said in the intent that we wanted to pick a ringtone, like this:
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE,
RingtoneManager.TYPE_RINGTONE);
the picker would return a ringtone that would play indefinitely after the ringtone.play() call – until stopped by ringtone.stop() or the application was killed.
Two meanings of 'ringtone'
Note that the terminology in the Android API adds to the confusion, as the word "ringtone" is used with two different meanings (cf. the documentation of RingtoneManager):
Any sound meant to catch the user's attention, such as a sound to play repeatedly when the phone rings, a notification sound, or a similar sound. This meaning is used in the name RingtoneManager.
A sound to play repeatedly when the phone rings, as opposed to a notification sound or a similar sound. This meaning is used in the name TYPE_RINGTONE in RingtoneManager.TYPE_RINGTONE.

How to stop or pause Pandora and Spotify

I have an app that has a feature to launch an app, Pandora station, or shortcut. That all works fine. Later I want to stop the app I started. This works for most things except Pandora and Spotify don't always close. Sometimes they do but not always. It seems to be related to the current UI state. For instance, it works fine when I have Pandora showing or the home screen showing. When Home Dock or Car Mode is active it does not work. You can see all my source code here: http://code.google.com/p/a2dpvolume/
service.java is the file that has this functionality.
Here is the part of that code that tries to stop the music from playing and then stop the app.
if (bt2.hasIntent()) {
// if music is playing, pause it
if (am2.isMusicActive()) {
// first pause the music so it removes the notify icon
Intent i = new Intent("com.android.music.musicservicecommand");
i.putExtra("command", "pause");
sendBroadcast(i);
// for more stubborn players, try this too...
Intent downIntent2 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON, null);
KeyEvent downEvent2 = new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_MEDIA_STOP);
downIntent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_KEY_EVENT, downEvent2);
sendOrderedBroadcast(downIntent2, null);
}
// if we opened a package for this device, try to close it now
if (bt2.getPname().length() > 3 && bt2.isAppkill()) {
// also open the home screen to make music app revert to
// background
Intent startMain = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
startMain.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
startMain.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
startActivity(startMain);
// now we can kill the app is asked to
final String kpackage = bt2.getPname();
CountDownTimer killTimer = new CountDownTimer(6000, 3000) {
#Override
public void onFinish() {
try {
stopApp(kpackage);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error " + e.getMessage());
}
}
#Override
public void onTick(long arg0) {
if (am2.isMusicActive()) {
// for more stubborn players, try this too...
Intent downIntent2 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON, null);
KeyEvent downEvent2 = new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_MEDIA_STOP);
downIntent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_KEY_EVENT, downEvent2);
sendOrderedBroadcast(downIntent2, null);
}
try {
stopApp(kpackage);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error " + e.getMessage());
}
}
};
killTimer.start();
}
}
Here is the function stopApp().
protected void stopApp(String packageName) {
Intent mIntent = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(
packageName);
if (mIntent != null) {
try {
ActivityManager act1 = (ActivityManager) this
.getSystemService(ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
// act1.restartPackage(packageName);
act1.killBackgroundProcesses(packageName);
List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> processes;
processes = act1.getRunningAppProcesses();
for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo info : processes) {
for (int i = 0; i < info.pkgList.length; i++) {
if (info.pkgList[i].contains(packageName)) {
android.os.Process.killProcess(info.pid);
}
}
}
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException err) {
err.printStackTrace();
Toast t = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
R.string.app_not_found, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
if (notify)
t.show();
}
}
}
Has someone else run into this problem? How can I reliably stop the launched app? I need to first get it to pause and put it in the background. That is the problem I am having. It works for most situations but not all. Some cases Pandora and Spotify will not respond to the key event being sent and they just keep playing. This keeps the notify icon active and makes the app a foreground activity so I can't stop it.

I finally figured out that Pandora does pause music when it sees a headset disconnect. So, I just had to send that disconnect intent so Pandora would pause. Once paused, it was able to be pushed to background and killed.
//Try telling the system the headset just disconnected to stop other players
Intent j = new Intent("android.intent.action.HEADSET_PLUG");
j.putExtra("state", 0);
sendBroadcast(j);

For anyone else trying this; The android.intent.action.HEADSET_PLUG intent is no longer allowed to be broadcast unless you are running as the system.

As the "HEADSET_PLUG" intent is now only supported if called by a system, I found app specific intents to be the way to go:
Intent pauseSpotify = new Intent("com.spotify.mobile.android.ui.widget.PLAY");
pauseSpotify.setPackage("com.spotify.music");
sendBroadcast(pauseSpotify);
Essentially, what this does, is it calls "PLAY" from the spotify app.
I got the idea from an article and applied it to normal android.

Call not establishing Android Sinch

I am trying to build an app with app to app calling in Android using Sinch.
I have managed to implement push notifications and the incoming call screen displays on an incoming call, but when I press answer, it takes me to the Call Screen Activity but the call just stays in the initiating state. I am calling "call.answer()" and I swear my code for answering is the same as the sample code provided by sinch.
private void answerClicked() {
mAudioPlayer.stopRingtone();
Call call = getSinchServiceInterface().getCall(mCallId);
if (call != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Answering call");
call.answer();
Log.d("calls", call.getState().toString());
Intent intent = new Intent(this, CallScreenActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(SinchService.CALL_ID, mCallId);
startActivity(intent);
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "call must be null");
finish();
}
}
"Answering call" is shown in the log. Any idea why it wouldn't be properly answering the call?