Develop Reference

Scroll stuttering while using coordinator layout with recyclerview

I'm having a problem with Coordinatorlayout and ViewPager implementation.
In order to reproduce this you have to scroll down vigorously and while it's still happening try to scroll the list of items up - a sort of shaky stutter effect can be visible as if CoordinatorLayout was trying to scroll the view in separate direction than its child (RecyclerView).
You can view my layout here:
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/mainContainer"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/appBarLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="#+id/collapsingToolbarLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">
<FrameLayout
android:id="#+id/headerContainer"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
android:id="#+id/tabControl"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:tabIndicatorHeight="4dp"
app:tabMaxWidth="500dp">
</android.support.design.widget.TabLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/topLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:visibility="gone" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
android:id="#+id/tabContainer"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
Just to provide some further details:
headerContainer contains ConstraintLayout with some stuff like bunch of textviews, button - pretty usual.
tabContainer contains LinearLayout with list of items (recyclerview)

Add this to the recyclerView in the fragment of your ViewPager..
recyclerView.setNestedScrollingEnabled(false);
This is happening because of the app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" behavior of the viewpager.. this is causing the nestedScrolling.. that is why you feel the shaky effect..

Add this line to your RecyclerView
Recyclerview.setNestedScrollingEnabled(false);

Toolbar doesn't hiding while scrolling

trying to hide toolbar on listview scroll by using appbar_scrolling_view_behavior + scroll flags, but has no result, this is xml code, can't understand what's wrong with this
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.lol.materialdesigntest.MainActivity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/app_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="#android:color/holo_orange_light"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<ListView
android:id="#+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="#+id/fab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_anchor="#id/list_view"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|right"
android:src="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:layout_margin="15dp"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

The ListView doesn't have the nested scrolls enabled by default. Use
ViewCompat.setNestedScrollingEnabled(listView, true);
to enable it.
Be aware that this will from from lollipop onwards . If you want to support older versions of android you should use a RecyclerView

ListView doesn't support nested scrolling
Use RecyclerView instead of ListView and enable nested scrolling in RecyclerView

Best practice is to use RecyclerView with app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" inside CoordinatorLayout.

implementing a custom behavior on recyclerview inside coordinatorlayout

I have 3 views in my layout file with CoordinatorLayout as the root view : AppbarLayout, RecyclerView and a Footer(not visible all the time). Recyclerview implements the default behavior appbar_scrolling_view_behavior, that ideally, brings recyclerview below the appbarlayout. But the recyclerview and footer overlap. To Prevent that, I had to write a custom behavior so that when footer is visible, Recyclerview should make space for the footer. But now, the default behavior of appbar_scrolling_view_behavior is gone and now appbarlayout and recyclerview overlap.Here is the Image of the layout
Link to the custom behavior i implemented:
https://github.com/Mandeep221/CustomBehaviorForRecyclerview/blob/master/CustomBehavior.java
My Question: How can i implement 2 things(simultaneously in one behavior):
get the recyclerview below the appbarlayout inside the co-ordinatorlayout
get the recycelerview to make space for the footer if the footer is visible.
If you can suggest some workaround, that would also be great! Thanks alot!
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/appBarLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/app_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/list_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
app:layout_behavior="prokure.it.prokure.Search.NewSearch.CustomBehavior" />
<prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout
android:id="#+id/footerBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
//footer child views
</LinearLayout>
</prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

Don't keep the android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout as root layout.
Add a RelativeLayout as a root layout. Then add android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout with property layout_alignParentTop and layout_above="#+id/footerBar" and set prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout as align parent bottom as second child of RelativeLayout.
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_above="#+id/footerBar">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/appBarLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/app_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/list_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout
android:id="#+id/footerBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
//footer child views
</LinearLayout>
</prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

Another simpler way is to add following lines to your prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout
app:layout_anchor="#id/list_recycler_view"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom"
and keep prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout inside coordinator layout.
Make sure to add an empty cell at the end of the recycler view so that prokure.it.prokure.FooterBarLayout does not overlap with last cell of RecyclerView.

AppBarLayout with FrameLayout container as scrolling content doesn't work

I'm trying to use the newest design library to make my toolbar hide/show on scroll. My issue is the scrolling content I have is in the fragment, I'm just injecting it into the FrameLayout container and it doesn't work. Here's my activity:
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:id="#+id/main_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<include layout="#layout/layout_toolbar" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<FrameLayout
android:id="#+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<FrameLayout
android:id="#+id/navigation_drawer_container"
android:layout_width="#dimen/navigation_drawer_width"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
tools:layout="#layout/fragment_nav_drawer_anon" />
and my fragment:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
android:id="#+id/pull_to_refresh"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ListView
android:id="#android:id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>
<TextView
android:id="#android:id/empty"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:textSize="18sp"
android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
android:color="#color/dark_grey"
android:padding="60dp"/>
and toolbar:
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways"
style="#style/Widget.MyApp.ActionBar" />
I'm following official doc and this demo, and still can't figure out how to make it work.

Replace your FrameLayout with android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
NestedScrollView is just like ScrollView, but it supports acting as both a nested scrolling parent and child on both new and old versions of Android. Nested scrolling is enabled by default.
Link to doc

Using FrameLayout as child of CoordinatorLayout works quite well. The toolbar is collapsing like it's supposed to. I had a problem in the beginning, when I used outdated libraries.
Here are the gradle dependencies I'm using right now:
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:22.2.0'
I'm using FrameLayout with the attribute app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" as a child of CoordinatorLayout in an activity's layout. The FrameLayout serves as container for fragments. My fragment layouts' root elements are either a RecyclerView or a NestedScrollView.
Here is the layout of the activity:
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<FrameLayout
android:id="#+id/..."
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
/>
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_height="192dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
>
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed"
>
<ImageView
android:id="#+id/.."
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="#drawable/..."
app:layout_collapseMode="parallax"/>
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar_sessions"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin"
/>
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
My first fragment's layout looks like this:
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="..."
/>
My second fragment's layout looks like this:
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="..."
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="..."
>
...
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>

The reason for that behaviour is that the Framelayout doesn't specify a Behaviour. The CoordinatorLayout relies on the child view to handle the Behaviour.
You can read at the bottom here
http://android-developers.blogspot.in/2015/05/android-design-support-library.html
It states that
CoordinatorLayout and custom views
One thing that is important to note is that CoordinatorLayout doesn’t
have any innate understanding of a FloatingActionButton or
AppBarLayout work - it just provides an additional API in the form of
a Coordinator.Behavior, which allows child views to better control
touch events and gestures as well as declare dependencies between each
other and receive callbacks via onDependentViewChanged().
Views can declare a default Behavior by using the
CoordinatorLayout.DefaultBehavior(YourView.Behavior.class)
annotation,or set it in your layout files by with the
app:layout_behavior="com.example.app.YourView$Behavior" attribute.
This framework makes it possible for any view to integrate with
CoordinatorLayout.
Edit: Although FrameLayout is not a custom view, it doesnt specify a behaviour which CoordinateLayout seeks.

In my app it works only with RecyclerView. Maybe you should use RecyclerView instead of ListView.

You can achieve scrolling with Framelayout inside your CoordinatorLayout. For it you have to use app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" inside your frameLayout as well as inside the scrolling view with which you want this collapsing effect.
For ex- If you are inflating RecyclerView inside your frameLayout, then you have to use app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" inside your recyclerrView also.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
/>
</Relativelayout>
or,
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_above="#+id/bNext"
android:fillViewport="true"
android:scrollbars="none"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<!-- your content -->
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
</Relativelayout>
Thus, using this process you can achieve scrolling with frameLayout whether it contains recycler or nestedScrollview.

It's a good question. I too had the same.
Your container FrameLayout is defined right the problem lies with the Fragment. The Fragment should have RecyclerView & not ListView as it is now deprecated.
Example:
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/list"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:clipToPadding="false"
android:paddingTop="#dimen/activity_vertical_margin"/>
I use the same structure in my app & it works perfect.

ListView does not implement NestedScrollingChild so it does not work.
RecyclerView does, so it can propagate the scroll to the NestedScrollingParent (the CoordinatorLayout).

You only need to replace
FrameLayout
to
android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
in this way:
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:id="#+id/root_coordinator"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/app_bar_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="#+id/collapsing_toolbar_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="192dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="#drawable/header"
app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" />
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/app_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:theme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<!-- This was before FrameLayout -->
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:id="#+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="#+id/fab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|right"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:src="#drawable/ic_drawer_alertas"
app:borderWidth="0dp"
app:fabSize="mini" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="#+id/navigation_drawer"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:headerLayout="#layout/drawer_header"
app:itemIconTint="#color/colorAccent"
app:itemTextColor="#color/colorSecondaryText"
app:menu="#menu/menu_main" />

Move the app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways" from the toolbar to the Framelayout. Sorry for being late.

You must add behavior to the scroll view:
<android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
android:id="#+id/swipe_main"
android:enabled="false"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<com.marshalchen.ultimaterecyclerview.UltimateRecyclerView
android:id="#+id/rvUserProfile"
app:recyclerviewEmptyView ="#layout/ev_home"
app:recyclerviewClipToPadding="false"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"></com.marshalchen.ultimaterecyclerview.UltimateRecyclerView>
</android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>

Fragment content is overlaying Toolbar

I recently started messing around with the new components of AppCompat 21 and implementing Material Design. Currently, I have an ActionBarActivity with a Toolbar and am trying to have it host a fragment containing a RecyclerView of TextView items (just to test out Recycler). I have items being displayed, but the text in each view is cut off and the entire Recycler is covering the Toolbar like so:
As you can see, there are three TextViews. Their text is cut off halfway and it's overlaying the Toolbar (no Title I know). The TextView item layouts are contained within a RecyclerView layout, which is the layout of the Fragment. The parent Activity has a FrameLayout -> Toolbar, FrameLayout. I am inserting the Fragment into the Activity's sub FrameLayout. Here's the XML:
Each view in the Recycler:
<TextView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#+id/textview"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="48dp"
android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
android:paddingTop="16dp"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
The Recycler layout, which is the layout of the Fragment:
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="#+id/recycler_tasks"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="stuff.MainActivity$TaskFragment">
</android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>
And the parent Activity's layout:
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="#+id/container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
tools:ignore="MergeRootFrame">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:theme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"/>
<FrameLayout
android:id="#+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</FrameLayout>
I know it must be something simple but I've been stumped on it for a while, trying various things to no avail.

Please do not forget to add app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" to your content layout
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways"
app:popupTheme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light" />
<android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

Use RelativeLayout instead of FrameLayout as top parent. Then just add dependencies like layout_above for the Toolbar or layout_below for the fragment container.