Develop Reference

Unit test while using retrofit

I have following Service interface for retrofit :
public interface TimetableService {
#GET("url/")
Call<Flixbus> getTimetable();
}
I want to test UI after retrofit call :
#RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class TestTimetablePresenter {
private static List<Departure> DEPARTURES = Lists.newArrayList(
new Departure("L006", "Stockholm",
new Datetime(1461056400, "GMT+02:00")),
new Departure("L007", "Berlin",
new Datetime(1461056500, "GMT+02:00")));
#Mock
private TimetableContract.View mTimetableView;
#Mock
private TimetableService mockTimetableServiceImpl;
#Captor
private ArgumentCaptor<Callback<Flixbus>> mCallbackArgumentCaptor;
private TimetablePresenter mNotesPresenter;
#Before
public void setupNotesPresenter() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
SampleApp mApp = (SampleApp) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
.getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
mNotesPresenter = new TimetablePresenter(mApp, mTimetableView);
mNotesPresenter.setWebService(mockTimetableServiceImpl);
}
#Test
public void loadDeparturesFromAPIAndLoadIntoView() {
mNotesPresenter.loadDepartures();
Mockito.verify(mockTimetableServiceImpl).getTimetable().enqueue(mCallbackArgumentCaptor.capture());
InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mTimetableView);
inOrder.verify(mTimetableView).setProgressIndicator(true);
inOrder.verify(mTimetableView).setProgressIndicator(false);
Mockito.verify(mTimetableView).showDepartures(DEPARTURES);
}
}
But at this line, I get an error:
Mockito.verify(mockTimetableServiceImpl).getTimetable().enqueue(mCallbackArgumentCaptor.capture());
Error says:
java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke interface method 'retrofit2.Call retrofit2.Call.clone()' on a null object reference at com.ali.android.sample.timetable.TimetablePresenter.loadDepartures(TimetablePresenter.java:46)
I can't figure out how to solve it. Do you have any suggestion?
#Override
public void loadDepartures() {
mTimetableView.setProgressIndicator(true);
service.getTimetable().clone().enqueue(new Callback<Flixbus>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(Call<Flixbus> call, Response<Flixbus> response) {
Log.d(TAG, "response is successful :" + response.isSuccessful());
mTimetableView.setProgressIndicator(false);
if(response.isSuccessful()) {
mTimetableView.showDepartures(response.body().getTimetable().getDepartures());
} else {
Log.d(TAG, "Response Code: " + response.code() + "Message: " + response.message());
}
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Call<Flixbus> call, Throwable t) {
mTimetableView.setProgressIndicator(false);
Log.e(TAG, t.getLocalizedMessage());
}
});
}

Have you tried switching the order of verification? Usually mock verification comes after interaction with class under test.
// I believe TimetableService#getTimetable().enqueue(...) is called inside TimetablePresenter#loadDepartures()
mNotesPresenter.loadDepartures();
Mockito.verify(mockTimetableServiceImpl).getTimetable().enqueue(mCallbackArgumentCaptor.capture());

How to fetch data from multiple APIs using RxJava with retrofit 2

I am new to RxJava. I want to fetch data from the JSON API. Assume there are two APIs, API 1 and API 2. We fetch a JSON object "mediaId" from API 1. Now, I want to fetch JSON from API 2 with "mediaId". How can I achieve this using RxJava, along with retrofit in Android?
public void gettdata(final Listerner listerner){
postitemses= new ArrayList<>();
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://www.mytrendin.com")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
.build();
APiService networkAPI = retrofit.create(APiService.class);
Observable<List<Postitems>> observable = networkAPI.getFriendObservable()
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread());
observable.subscribe(new Observer<List<Postitems>>() {
#Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
listerner.onFailure("oops... Something went wrong");
}
#Override
public void onNext(List<Postitems> postitemsList1) {
Postitems postitems;
for (int i=0;i<postitemsList1.size();i++){
postitems = new Postitems();
int id = postitemsList1.get(i).getId();
String title = postitemsList1.get(i).getTitle().getRendered();
String shortdesc= postitemsList1.get(i).getExcerpt().getRendered();
String mediaid= postitemsList1.get(i).getFeatured_media();
String authorid= postitemsList1.get(i).getAuthor();
String date = postitemsList1.get(i).getDate();
String slug = postitemsList1.get(i).getSlug();
Log.i("Hello-slug",""+slug);
String[] mediaurl= mydata(mediaid);
Log.i("Hello-mediaurl",""+mediaurl);
postitems.setId(id);
postitems.setDate(date);
postitems.setSlug(""+slug);
postitems.setPostExcerpt(shortdesc);
postitems.setPostTitle(title);
postitemses.add(postitems);
}
listerner.showpostitems(postitemses);
}
});
}
public String[] mydata(String mediaid){
final String[] mediaurl = new String[1];
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.baseUrl("https://www.mytrendin.com")
.build();
APiService aPiService = retrofit.create(APiService.class);
Call<Postitems> call = aPiService.getmediaurl(mediaid);
call.enqueue(new Callback<Postitems>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(Call<Postitems> call, Response<Postitems> response) {
Postitems postitemsList1 = response.body();
mediaurl[0] =postitemsList1.getGuid().getRendered();
// mediaurl[0][0] =postitemsList1.get(0).getGuid().getRendered();
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Call<Postitems> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
return mediaurl;
}
error occured
https://www.mytrendin.com
05-09 03:42:09.227 15315-15315/? D/AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM
--------- beginning of crash
05-09 03:42:09.228 15315-15315/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.mytrendin.mytrendin, PID: 15315
java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method .mytrendin.dashboard.utils.Po stitems$Guid (ZygoteInit.java:755)

Sure you can use the merge operator along with the IO scheduler.By definition,merge can combine multiple Observables into one by merging their emissions.here is an example,
Observable<Integer> odds = Observable.just(1, 3, 5).subscribeOn(someScheduler);
Observable<Integer> evens = Observable.just(2, 4, 6);
Observable.merge(odds, evens)
.subscribe(new Subscriber<Integer>() {
#Override
public void onNext(Integer item) {
System.out.println("Next: " + item);
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable error) {
System.err.println("Error: " + error.getMessage());
}
#Override
public void onCompleted() {
System.out.println("Sequence complete.");
}
});
Output :
Next: 1
Next: 3
Next: 5
Next: 2
Next: 4
Next: 6
Sequence complete.
Something like this in your case,
public Observable<Data> getMergedData() {
return Observable.merge(
networkRepository.getData().subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()),
networkRepository.getData().subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
);
}
Alright there is another way to solve this, first create a observable for both API, then subscribe and observe changes from your first API subscription.Next create a PublishSubject instance. Which is useful because,once an Observer has subscribed, emits all subsequently observed items to the subscriber.For example publish string values from the api response.
private PublishSubject<String> subject = PublishSubject.create();
subject.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()).filter((s) -> s.size() > 0).subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
#Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
}
#Override
public void onNext(String str) {
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
#Override
public void onComplete() {
}
});
Then to trigger the observable call onNext from the subject.
subject.onNext("some data from api");
Advantages, very flexible to changes to anywhere in your class scope.
Hope this helps.
for the below snippet
call.enqueue(new Callback<Postitems>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(Call<Postitems> call, Response<Postitems> response) {
Postitems postitemsList1 = response.body();
mediaurl[0] =postitemsList1.getGuid().getRendered();
// mediaurl[0][0] =postitemsList1.get(0).getGuid().getRendered();
//use the concept of publish subject here, which i detailed in answer, example
subject.onNext(postitemsList1.getGuid().getRendered());
//the string data will be passed to the above observable for the subject instance.
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Call<Postitems> call, Throwable t) {
}
});

want to use value from onError, RxJava

I'm using rxjava, retrofit2, okhttp3.
I just put Log.d to see how it works and Log is like below.
1. D/-- NetPresenter: checkConnectivity
2. D/-- NetPresenter: Observable
3. D/-- NetPresenter: onNext
4. D/-- MessageSetter: setMessage
5. D/-- MainActivity setText: setText
6. D/-- NetPresenter: onCompleted
7. D/-- NetChecker: onError
8. D/-- error msg: failed to connect to /192.168.0.27 (port 8081) after 5000ms
It should set TextView after getting value "code" which is set from onError.
That means #7 should be processed before #5.
I think it is because of timeout option when request connection but I have no idea where to fix.
Can anybody help me to figure it out?
Thanks.
class 1.
public void checkConnectivity(Context context) {
Log.d("-- NetPresenter", "checkConnectivity");
this.context = context;
myObservable.subscribe(mySubscriber);
}
private Observable<Integer> myObservable = Observable.create(
new Observable.OnSubscribe<Integer>() {
#Override
public void call(Subscriber<? super Integer> sub) {
Log.d("-- NetPresenter", "Observable");
int connType = cc.getConnectionStatus(context);
sub.onNext(connType);
sub.onCompleted();
}
}
);
private Subscriber<Integer> mySubscriber = new Subscriber<Integer>() {
#Override
public void onNext(Integer connType) {
Log.d("-- NetPresenter", "onNext");
int code = nc.netChecker(connType);
view.updateReceivedMessageTextView(ms.setMessage(code));
}
#Override
public void onCompleted() {
Log.d("-- NetPresenter", "onCompleted");
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
Log.d("-- NetPresenter", "onError");
}
};
class 2.
public int netChecker(int connType) {
final OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.build();
retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(ApiService.API_URL)
.client(okHttpClient)
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
.build();
apiService = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
Observable<Response<ResponseBody>> result = apiService.getData("database");
result.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Subscriber<Response<ResponseBody>>() {
#Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
if(connType/10 == 0) code = 0;
else code = connType+1;
Log.d("-- NetChecker", "onError");
Log.d("-- error msg", e.getMessage());
}
#Override
public void onNext(Response<ResponseBody> response) {
Log.d("-- NetChecker", "onNext");
Log.d("message", response.message());
Log.d("code", "code :"+ response.code());
code = connType;
}
});
return code;
}

you can use .doOnError() method to do some action on error.
There is another method .onErrorReturn(), which intercept error and return some value instead so sequence do not terminate. You can use both of those methods.

Advantage of RxJava is asynchronous. You can't predict order of evaluation. I believe you should reach MainActivity from "onError" method. I see, that you use MVP pattern somehow. It should help. If you provide more info about classes relations I could say more.

RxJava + Retrofit -> BaseObservable for API calls for centralized response handling

I am new to RxJava so please forgive me if this sounds too newbie :-).
As of now I have an abstract CallbackClass that implements the Retofit Callback. There I catch the Callback's "onResponse" and "onError" methods and handle various error types before finally forwarding to the custom implemented methods.
I also use this centralized class to for request/response app logging and other stuff.
For example: for specific error codes from my sever I receive a new Auth token in the response body, refresh the token and then clone.enqueue the call.
There are of course several other global behaviors to the responses from my server.
Current solution (Without Rx):
public abstract void onResponse(Call<T> call, Response<T> response, boolean isSuccess);
public abstract void onFailure(Call<T> call, Response<T> response, Throwable t, boolean isTimeout);
#Override
public void onResponse(Call<T> call, Response<T> response) {
if (_isCanceled) return;
if (response != null && !response.isSuccessful()) {
if (response.code() == "SomeCode" && retryCount < RETRY_LIMIT) {
TokenResponseModel newToken = null;
try {
newToken = new Gson().fromJson(new String(response.errorBody().bytes(), "UTF-8"), TokenResponseModel.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SomeClass.token = newToken.token;
retryCount++;
call.clone().enqueue(this);
return;
}
}
} else {
onResponse(call, response, true);
removeFinishedRequest();
return;
}
onFailure(call, response, null, false);
removeFinishedRequest();
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Call<T> call, Throwable t) {
if (_isCanceled) return;
if (t instanceof UnknownHostException)
if (eventBus != null)
eventBus.post(new NoConnectionErrorEvent());
onFailure(call, null, t, false);
removeFinishedRequest();
}
My question is: Is there any way to have this sort of centralized response handling behavior before finally chaining (or retrying) back to the subscriber methods?
I found these 2 links which both have a nice starting point but not a concrete solution. Any help will be really appreciated.
Forcing request retry after custom API exceptions in RxJava
Retrofit 2 and RxJava error handling operators

Two links you provided are a really good starting point, which I used to construct solution to react to accidental
network errors happen sometimes due to temporary lack of network connection, or switch to low throughtput network standard, like EDGE, which causes SocketTimeoutException
server errors -> happen sometimes due to server overload
I have overriden CallAdapter.Factory to handle errors and react appropriately to them.
Import RetryWithDelayIf from the solution you found
Override CallAdapter.Factory to handle errors:
public class RxCallAdapterFactoryWithErrorHandling extends CallAdapter.Factory {
private final RxJavaCallAdapterFactory original;
public RxCallAdapterFactoryWithErrorHandling() {
original = RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create();
}
#Override
public CallAdapter<?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
return new RxCallAdapterWrapper(retrofit, original.get(returnType, annotations, retrofit));
}
public class RxCallAdapterWrapper implements CallAdapter<Observable<?>> {
private final Retrofit retrofit;
private final CallAdapter<?> wrapped;
public RxCallAdapterWrapper(Retrofit retrofit, CallAdapter<?> wrapped) {
this.retrofit = retrofit;
this.wrapped = wrapped;
}
#Override
public Type responseType() {
return wrapped.responseType();
}
#SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
#Override
public <R> Observable<?> adapt(final Call<R> call) {
return ((Observable) wrapped.adapt(call)).onErrorResumeNext(new Func1<Throwable, Observable>() {
#Override
public Observable call(Throwable throwable) {
Throwable returnThrowable = throwable;
if (throwable instanceof HttpException) {
HttpException httpException = (HttpException) throwable;
returnThrowable = httpException;
int responseCode = httpException.response().code();
if (NetworkUtils.isClientError(responseCode)) {
returnThrowable = new HttpClientException(throwable);
}
if (NetworkUtils.isServerError(responseCode)) {
returnThrowable = new HttpServerException(throwable);
}
}
if (throwable instanceof UnknownHostException) {
returnThrowable = throwable;
}
return Observable.error(returnThrowable);
}
}).retryWhen(new RetryWithDelayIf(3, DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS, new Func1<Throwable, Boolean>() {
#Override
public Boolean call(Throwable throwable) {
return throwable instanceof HttpServerException
|| throwable instanceof SocketTimeoutException
|| throwable instanceof UnknownHostException;
}
}));
}
}
}
HttpServerException is just a custom exception.
Use it in Retrofit.Builder
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.addCallAdapterFactory(new RxCallAdapterFactoryWithErrorHandling())
.build();
Extra: If you wish to parse errors that come from API (error that don't invoke UnknownHostException, HttpException or MalformedJsonException or etc.) you need to override Factory and use custom one during building Retrofit instance. Parse the response and check if it contains errors. If yes, then throw error and error will be handled inside the method above.

have you consider using the rxjava adapter for retrofit?
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.squareup.retrofit2/adapter-rxjava/2.1.0
in your gradle file add
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.1.0'
here's a interface for retrofit
public interface Service {
#GET("userauth/login?")
Observable<LoginResponse> getLogin(
#Query("v") String version,
#Query("username") String username,
#Query("password") String password);
}
and here's my implementation
Service.getLogin(
VERSION,
"username",
"password")
.subscribe(new Subscriber<LoginResponse>() {
#Override
public void onCompleted() {
}
#Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
}
#Override
public void onNext(LoginResponse loginResponse) {
}
});
please note I'm using the gson converter factory to parse my response so I get an pojo (Plain Ole Java Object) returned.

See how you can do it.
Here is api call and pass Request model and response model in this.
public interface RestService {
//SEARCH_USER
#POST(SEARCH_USER_API_LINK)
Observable<SearchUserResponse> getSearchUser(#Body SearchUserRequest getSearchUserRequest);
}
This is the retrofit call,I used retrofit2
public RestService getRestService() {
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(ApiConstants.BASE_URL)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
.client(getOkHttpClient())
.build();
return retrofit.create(RestService.class);
}
//get OkHttp instance
#Singleton
#Provides
public OkHttpClient getOkHttpClient() {
HttpLoggingInterceptor httpLoggingInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
httpLoggingInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
builder.interceptors().add(httpLoggingInterceptor);
builder.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
builder.connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return builder.build();
}
This is the api call, call it in your activity.
#Inject
Scheduler mMainThread;
#Inject
Scheduler mNewThread;
//getSearchUser api method
public void getSearchUser(String user_id, String username) {
SearchUserRequest searchUserRequest = new SearchUserRequest(user_id, username);
mObjectRestService.getSearchUser(searchUserRequest).
subscribeOn(mNewThread).
observeOn(mMainThread).
subscribe(searchUserResponse -> {
Timber.e("searchUserResponse :" + searchUserResponse.getResponse().getResult());
if (isViewAttached()) {
getMvpView().hideProgress();
if (searchUserResponse.getResponse().getResult() == ApiConstants.STATUS_SUCCESS) {
} else {
}
}
}, throwable -> {
if (isViewAttached()) {
}
});
}
Hope this will help you.

Retrofit and Centralized Error Handling

Each request to the server may return error_code. I want to handle these error in one place
when I was using AsyncTask I had a BaseAsyncTask like that
public abstract class BaseAsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> extends AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
protected Context context;
private ProgressDialog progressDialog;
private Result result;
protected BaseAsyncTask(Context context, ProgressDialog progressDialog) {
this.context = context;
this.progressDialog = progressDialog;
}
#Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
#Override
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
HttpResponse<ErrorResponse> response = (HttpResponse<ErrorResponse>) result;
if(response.getData().getErrorCode() != -1) {
handleErrors(response.getData());
}else
onResult(result);
}
private void handleErrors(ErrorResponse errorResponse) {
}
public abstract void onResult(Result result);
}
But, using retrofit each request has its error handling callback:
git.getFeed(user,new Callback<gitmodel>() {
#Override
public void success(gitmodel gitmodel, Response response) {
}
#Override
public void failure(RetrofitError error) {
}
});
}
});
How can I handle all errors in one place?

If you need to get some 'logic' error, then you need some Java logic since it's not a Retrofit feature so basically:
Create a Your implementation Callback that implements the Retrofit Callback
Create a base object that define the method 'isError'
Modify Retrofit RestAdapter in order to get your Callback instead of the Retrofit One
MyCallback.java
import android.util.Log;
import retrofit.Callback;
import retrofit.client.Response;
public abstract class MyCallback<T extends MyObject> implements Callback<T> {
#Override
public final void success(T o, Response response) {
if (o.isError()) {
// [..do something with error]
handleLogicError(o);
}
else {
handleSuccess(o, response);
}
}
abstract void handleSuccess(T o, Response response);
void handleLogicError(T o) {
Log.v("TAG", "Error because userId is " + o.id);
}
}
MyObject.java (the base class for all your objects you get from Retrofit)
public class MyObject {
public long id;
public boolean isError() {
return id == 1;
}
}
MyRealObject.java - a class that extends the base object
public class MyRealObject extends MyObject {
public long userId;
public String title;
public String body;
}
RetroInterface.java - the interface used by retrofit you should be familiar with
import retrofit.http.GET;
import retrofit.http.Path;
public interface RetroInterface {
#GET("/posts/{id}")
void sendGet(#Path("id") int id, MyCallback<MyRealObject> callback);
}
And finally the piece of code where you use all the logic
RestAdapter adapter = new RestAdapter.Builder()
.setEndpoint("http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
.build();
RetroInterface itf = adapter.create(RetroInterface.class);
itf.sendGet(2, new MyCallback<MyRealObject>() {
#Override
void handleSuccess(MyRealObject o, Response response) {
Log.v("TAG", "success");
}
#Override
public void failure(RetrofitError error) {
Log.v("TAG", "failure");
}
});
If you copy and paste this code, you'll get an error when you'll execute the itf.sendGet(1, new MyCallback..) and a success for itf.sendGet(2, new MyCallback...)

Not sure I understood it correctly, but you could create one Callback and pass it as a parameter to all of your requests.
Instead of:
git.getFeed(user,new Callback<gitmodel>() {
#Override
public void success(gitmodel gitmodel, Response response) {
}
#Override
public void failure(RetrofitError error) {
}
});
First define your Callback:
Callback<gitmodel> mCallback = new Callback<gitmodel>() {
#Override
public void success(gitmodel gitmodel, Response response) {
}
#Override
public void failure(RetrofitError error) {
// logic to handle error for all requests
}
};
Then:
git.getFeed(user, mCallback);

In Retrofit you can specify ErrorHandler to all requests.
public class ApiErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
#Override
public Throwable handleError(RetrofitError cause) {
//here place your logic for all errors
return cause;
}
}
Apply it to RestAdapter
RestAdapter.Builder()
.setClient(client)
.setEndpoint(endpoint)
.setErrorHandler(errorHandler)
.build();
I think that it is what you asked for.

In Retrofit2 you can't set an ErrorHandler with the method .setErrorHandler(), but you can create an interceptor to fork all possible errors centralised in one place of your application.
With this example you have one centralised place for your error handling with Retrofit2 and OkHttpClient. Just reuse the Retrofit object (retrofit).
You can try this standalone example with a custom interceptor for network and server errors. These both will be handled differently in Retrofit2, so you have to check the returned error code from the server over the response code (response.code()) and if the response was not successful (!response.isSuccessful()).
For the case that the user has no connection to the network or the server you have to catch an IOException of the method Response response = chain.proceed(chain.request()); and handle the network error in the catch block.
HttpLoggingInterceptor loggingInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
loggingInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.addInterceptor(loggingInterceptor)
.addInterceptor(new Interceptor() {
#Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
try {
Response response = chain.proceed(chain.request());
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
Log.e("tag", "Failure central - response code: " + response.code());
Log.e("tag", "central server error handling");
// Central error handling for error responses here:
// e.g. 4XX and 5XX errors
switch (response.code()) {
case 401:
// do something when 401 Unauthorized happened
// e.g. delete credentials and forward to login screen
// ...
break;
case 403:
// do something when 403 Forbidden happened
// e.g. delete credentials and forward to login screen
// ...
break;
default:
Log.e("tag", "Log error or do something else with error code:" + response.code());
break;
}
}
return response;
} catch (IOException e) {
// Central error handling for network errors here:
// e.g. no connection to internet / to server
Log.e("tag", e.getMessage(), e);
Log.e("tag", "central network error handling");
throw e;
}
}
})
.build();
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://10.0.2.2:8000/api/v1/")
.client(client)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
UserRepository backendRepository = retrofit.create(UserRepository.class);
backendRepository.getUser("userId123").enqueue(new Callback<UserModel>() {
#Override
public void onResponse(Call<UserModel> call, retrofit2.Response<UserModel> response) {
Log.d("tag", "onResponse");
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
Log.e("tag", "onFailure local server error handling code:" + response.code());
} else {
// its all fine with the request
}
}
#Override
public void onFailure(Call<UserModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.e("tag", "onFailure local network error handling");
Log.e("tag", t.getMessage(), t);
}
});
UserRepository example:
public interface UserRepository {
#GET("users/{userId}/")
Call<UserModel> getUser(#Path("userId") String userId);
}
UserModel example:
public class UserModel implements Parcelable {
#SerializedName("id")
#Expose
public String id = "";
#SerializedName("email")
#Expose
public String mail = "";
public UserModel() {
}
protected UserModel(Parcel in) {
id = in.readString();
mail = in.readString();
}
public static final Creator<UserModel> CREATOR = new Creator<UserModel>() {
#Override
public UserModel createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new UserModel(in);
}
#Override
public UserModel[] newArray(int size) {
return new UserModel[size];
}
};
#Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
#Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeString(id);
dest.writeString(mail);
}
}

Fairly simply Retrofit custom error handling example. Is set up so that you don't need to do much work in the 'failure' handler of a retrofit call to get the user-visible error message to show. Works on all endpoints. There's lots of exception handling as our server folks like to keep us on our toes by sending all kinds of random stuff..!
// on error the server sends JSON
/*
{ "error": { "data": { "message":"A thing went wrong" } } }
*/
// create model classes..
public class ErrorResponse {
Error error;
public static class Error {
Data data;
public static class Data {
String message;
}
}
}
//
/**
* Converts the complex error structure into a single string you can get with error.getLocalizedMessage() in Retrofit error handlers.
* Also deals with there being no network available
*
* Uses a few string IDs for user-visible error messages
*/
private static class CustomErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {
private final Context ctx;
public CustomErrorHandler(Context ctx) {
this.ctx = ctx;
}
#Override
public Throwable handleError(RetrofitError cause) {
String errorDescription;
if (cause.isNetworkError()) {
errorDescription = ctx.getString(R.string.error_network);
} else {
if (cause.getResponse() == null) {
errorDescription = ctx.getString(R.string.error_no_response);
} else {
// Error message handling - return a simple error to Retrofit handlers..
try {
ErrorResponse errorResponse = (ErrorResponse) cause.getBodyAs(ErrorResponse.class);
errorDescription = errorResponse.error.data.message;
} catch (Exception ex) {
try {
errorDescription = ctx.getString(R.string.error_network_http_error, cause.getResponse().getStatus());
} catch (Exception ex2) {
Log.e(TAG, "handleError: " + ex2.getLocalizedMessage());
errorDescription = ctx.getString(R.string.error_unknown);
}
}
}
}
return new Exception(errorDescription);
}
}
// When creating the Server...
retrofit.RestAdapter restAdapter = new retrofit.RestAdapter.Builder()
.setEndpoint(apiUrl)
.setLogLevel(retrofit.RestAdapter.LogLevel.FULL)
.setErrorHandler(new CustomErrorHandler(ctx)) // use error handler..
.build();
server = restAdapter.create(Server.class);
// Now when calling server methods, get simple error out like this:
server.postSignIn(login,new Callback<HomePageResponse>(){
#Override
public void success(HomePageResponse homePageResponse,Response response){
// Do success things!
}
#Override
public void failure(RetrofitError error){
error.getLocalizedMessage(); // <-- this is the message to show to user.
}
});