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StateFlow: Cancellation of Older Emitted State After Collecting

I m relatively new in kotlin flows and I m creating the Login Module using Flows in android. I have been stuck from past few days in flows as I m collecting it in ViewModels but I m facing problem when requesting with wrong Credentials its caching all the state. After entering the right credentials the user navigate to main Activity but the instance of the MainActivity is being created with every emitted State: Example(User Enter 3 wrong Credential and 1 Right Credential: 4 Instance of MainActivity Created). So, Is there any way that I can cancel the previous emit and only show the latest request. I m using the collectLatest as well but its not working too. Below is the code.
LoginActivity
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(mViewBinding.root)
loginListener()
}
override fun onStart() {
super.onStart()
initViews()
handleNetworkChanges()
}
private fun observeLogin() {
lifecycleScope.launchWhenCreated {
mViewModel.loginCredentials.collect { state ->
when(state){
is State.Loading -> {
showLoading()
}
is State.Success -> {
Timber.d("I m in Success" + state.data)
val intent = Intent(this#LoginActivity,MainActivity::class.java)
startActivity(intent)
closeLoading()
finish()
}
is State.Error -> {
val errorResponse = gson.fromJson(state.message,LoginResponse::class.java)
showToast(errorResponse.messages)
closeLoading()
}
}
}
}
}
private fun loginListener() {
mViewBinding.neumorphButtonSignIn.setOnClickListener {
observeLogin()
phoneNumber = mViewBinding.edtPhoneNumber.text.toString()
pin = mViewBinding.oldPIN.text.toString()
if (phoneNumber.isValidPhone()) {
sendLoginCredentials(phoneNumber ,pin)
}
else {
mViewBinding.edtPhoneNumber.snack("Please Enter valid phone number") {
action("ok") {
dismiss()
}
}
}
}
}
private fun sendLoginCredentials(phoneNumber: String , pin: String) = mViewModel.postLoginCredentials("03XXXX" , "1234")
LoginViewModel
#ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
#HiltViewModel
class LoginViewModel #Inject constructor(
private val loginRepository: LoginRepository,
) : ViewModel() {
private val _loginCredentials: MutableStateFlow<State<LoginResponse>> = MutableStateFlow(State.Empty())
val loginCredentials: StateFlow<State<LoginResponse>> get() = _loginCredentials
fun postLoginCredentials(phoneNumber: String, pin: String) {
Timber.d("postLoginCredentials: $phoneNumber + $pin")
_loginCredentials.value = State.loading()
viewModelScope.launch {
loginRepository.login(LoginRequest(phoneNumber,pin))
.map { response -> State.fromResource(response) }
.collect{state -> _loginCredentials.value = state }
}
}
}
LoginRepository
class LoginRepository #Inject constructor(
private val apiInterface: APIInterface
) {
fun login(loginRequest: LoginRequest): Flow<ResponseAPI<LoginResponse>> {
return object : NetworkBoundRepository<LoginRequest, LoginResponse>() {
override suspend fun fetchFromRemote(): Response<LoginResponse> = apiInterface.createLoginRequest(
loginRequest
)
}.asFlow()
}
NetworkBoundRepository
abstract class NetworkBoundRepository<RESULT, REQUEST> {
fun asFlow() = flow<ResponseAPI<REQUEST>> {
val apiResponse = fetchFromRemote()
val remotePosts = apiResponse.body()
if (apiResponse.isSuccessful && remotePosts != null) {
emit(ResponseAPI.Success(remotePosts))
} else {
// Something went wrong! Emit Error state.
emit(ResponseAPI.Failed(apiResponse.errorBody()!!.string()))
}
}.catch { e ->
e.printStackTrace()
emit(ResponseAPI.Failed("Network error! Can't get latest posts."))
}
#MainThread
protected abstract suspend fun fetchFromRemote(): Response<REQUEST>
}
Is there any way that I can create One Instance of MainAcitivity while ignoring the older emitted Responses? Any Operator which can work. Any help in this regard is highly appreciated. Thanks.

Actually, I was calling the observeLogin() from the login click Listener which was creating this mess in my project when I move this to onCreate(). Everything works the way as intended. So, posting this for newbie that won't stuck into this.

How to properly set Observable in the Activity to Pass data from API call in view model into Activity + Data Class for the list. Android Compose

I think my observable is set incorrectly here. I am using Retrofit2 + Moshi as the deserializer, and the API call from Retrofit is working.
But once I make the API call, I am trying to set up the Observable in my Activity and then use the API call data from the data class.
Here is my view model code:
class DealsViewModel(val repository: MainRepository) : ViewModel() {
val movieList = MutableLiveData<List<DealItems>>()
var job: Job? = null
val loading = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
val errorMessage = MutableLiveData<String>()
val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, throwable ->
onError("Exception handled: ${throwable.localizedMessage}")
}
fun getMovies() {
viewModelScope.launch{
// View Model Scope gives the Coroutine that will be canceled when the ViewModel is cleared.
job = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO + exceptionHandler).launch {
val items = repository.getProduct()
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
if (items.isNullOrEmpty()) {
loading.value = false
// put error message in here later
} else {
dealList.postValue(items)
return#withContext
}
}
}
}
}
private fun onError(message: String) {
errorMessage.value = message
loading.value = false
}
override fun onCleared() {
super.onCleared()
job?.cancel()
}
}
And here is my MainActivity code.
I am using JetpackCompose in my activity, LiveData for the API response container. In my main repository is where I am validating a successful API response and then the coroutines for the call are inside of the view model.
My API call is successful, but I am not sure where to call the ViewModel.GetMovies() inside of the activity and I am not sure if the observables are set properly and/or where to pass the API's livedata into my composable function.
Thanks for any help you can provide. I am new to android and trying to use Coroutines for the first time.
class MainActivity: ComponentActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
val retrofitService = RetrofitService.getInstance()
val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this,
MyViewModelFactory(MainRepository(retrofitService = retrofitService))).get(DealsViewModel::class.java)
// viewModel.getProducts()
setContent {
myApp {
MyScreenContent()
}
viewModel.movieList.observe(
this, { it ->
if( it != null) {
it.forEach {
var movieLocation = it.movieLocation
val description = it.description
val id = it.id
val title = it.title
val regularPrice = it.regularPrice
}
}
})
return#setContent
}
viewModel.errorMessage.observe(this, {
Toast.makeText(this, it, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
})
viewModel.loading.observe(
this,
Observer {
if (it) {
}
})
}
}

I assume that it always depends when should you call especially in the activity we have many lifecycles; however, the best way is to use the .also on the livedata/stateflow lazy creation so that you do guarantee as long as the view model is alive, the getMovies is called only one time, and also guarantee the service itself is not called unless someone is listening to it.
You may check the full documentation in this link
Here is a code example
class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {
private val users: MutableLiveData<List<User>> by lazy {
MutableLiveData<List<User>>().also {
loadUsers()
}
}
fun getUsers(): LiveData<List<User>> {
return users
}
private fun loadUsers() {
// Do an asynchronous operation to fetch users.
}
}
When using this code, you do not have to call getMovies at all in the activity, you just listen to the observer.

Sometimes, ConflatedBroadcastChannel fires recent value without any action

In Google's official codelab about advanced-coroutines-codelab sample, they've used ConflatedBroadcastChannel to watch a variable/object change.
I've used the same technique in one of my side projects, and when resuming the listening activity, sometimes ConflatedBroadcastChannel fires it's recent value, causing the execution of flatMapLatest body without any change.
I think this is happening while the system collects the garbage since I can reproduce this issue by calling System.gc() from another activity.
Here's the code
MainActivity.kt
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this).get(MainViewModel::class.java)
val tvCount = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tv_count)
viewModel.count.observe(this, Observer {
tvCount.text = it
Toast.makeText(this, "Incremented", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
})
findViewById<Button>(R.id.b_inc).setOnClickListener {
viewModel.increment()
}
findViewById<Button>(R.id.b_detail).setOnClickListener {
startActivity(Intent(this, DetailActivity::class.java))
}
}
}
MainViewModel.kt
class MainViewModel : ViewModel() {
companion object {
val TAG = MainViewModel::class.java.simpleName
}
class IncrementRequest
private var tempCount = 0
private val requestChannel = ConflatedBroadcastChannel<IncrementRequest>()
val count = requestChannel
.asFlow()
.flatMapLatest {
tempCount++
Log.d(TAG, "Incrementing number to $tempCount")
flowOf("Number is $tempCount")
}
.asLiveData()
fun increment() {
requestChannel.offer(IncrementRequest())
}
}
DetailActivity.kt
class DetailActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_detail)
val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.b_gc)
val timer = object : CountDownTimer(5000, 1000) {
override fun onFinish() {
button.isEnabled = true
button.text = "CALL SYSTEM.GC() AND CLOSE ACTIVITY"
}
override fun onTick(millisUntilFinished: Long) {
button.text = "${TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(millisUntilFinished)} second(s)"
}
}
button.setOnClickListener {
System.gc()
finish()
}
timer.start()
}
}
Here's the full source code :
CoroutinesFlowTest.zip
Why is this happening?
What am I missing?

Quoting from the official response, (The simple and straightforward solution)
The problem here is that you are trying to use
ConflatedBroadcastChannel for events, while it is designed to
represent current state as shown in the codelab. Every time the
downstream LiveData is reactivated it receives the most recent state
and performs the incrementing action. Don't use
ConflatedBroadcastChannel for events.
To fix it, you can replace ConflatedBroadcastChannel with
BroadcastChannel<IncrementRequest>(1) (non-conflated channel, which is
Ok for events to use) and it'll work as you expect it too.

In addition to the answer of Kiskae:
This might not be your case, but you can try to use BroadcastChannel(1).asFlow().conflate on a receiver side, but in my case it led to a bug where the code on a receiver side didn't get triggered sometimes (I think because conflate works in a separate coroutine or something).
Or you can use a custom version of stateless ConflatedBroadcastChannel (found here).
class StatelessBroadcastChannel<T> constructor(
private val broadcast: BroadcastChannel<T> = ConflatedBroadcastChannel()
) : BroadcastChannel<T> by broadcast {
override fun openSubscription(): ReceiveChannel<T> = broadcast
.openSubscription()
.apply { poll() }
}

On Coroutine 1.4.2 and Kotlin 1.4.31
Without using live data
private var tempCount = 0
private val requestChannel = BroadcastChannel<IncrementRequest>(Channel.CONFLATED)
val count = requestChannel
.asFlow()
.flatMapLatest {
tempCount++
Log.d(TAG, "Incrementing number to $tempCount")
flowOf("Number is $tempCount")
}
Use Flow and Coroutine
lifecycleScope.launchWhenStarted {
viewModel.count.collect {
tvCount.text = it
Toast.makeText(this#MainActivity, "Incremented", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
Without using BroadcastChannel
private var tempCount = 0
private val requestChannel = MutableStateFlow("")
val count: StateFlow<String> = requestChannel
fun increment() {
tempCount += 1
requestChannel.value = "Number is $tempCount"
}

The reason is very simple, ViewModels can persist outside of the lifecycle of Activities. By moving to another activity and garbagecollecting you're disposing of the original MainActivity but keeping the original MainViewModel.
Then when you return from DetailActivity it recreates MainActivity but reuses the viewmodel, which still has the broadcastchannel with a last known value, triggering the callback when count.observe is called.
If you add logging to observe the onCreate and onDestroy methods of the activity you should see the lifecycle getting advanced, while the viewmodel should only be created once.

Android biometric authentication invalid variables in AuthenticationCallback when using device credential

I am using androidx.biometric:biometric:1.0.1 everything works fine but when I have a device without a biometric sensor (or when the user didn't set his fingerprint or etc) and I try to use DeviceCredentials after doing authentication my function input data is not valid.
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val TAG = MainActivity::class.java.name
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
findViewById<View>(R.id.first).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(1, "first"))
}
findViewById<View>(R.id.second).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(2, "second"))
}
}
private fun authenticate(data: MyData) {
Log.e(TAG, "starting auth with $data")
val biometricPrompt = BiometricPrompt(
this,
ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
object : BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationCallback() {
override fun onAuthenticationSucceeded(result: BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationResult) {
Log.e(TAG, "auth done : $data")
}
})
val promptInfo = BiometricPrompt.PromptInfo.Builder()
.setDeviceCredentialAllowed(true)
.setTitle("title")
.build()
biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
}
}
data class MyData(
val id: Int,
val text: String
)
First I click on my first button, authenticate, then I click my second button and authenticate, then android logcat is like this:
E/com.test.biometrictest.MainActivity: starting auth with MyData(id=1, text=first)
E/com.test.biometrictest.MainActivity: auth done : MyData(id=1, text=first)
E/com.test.biometrictest.MainActivity: starting auth with MyData(id=2, text=second)
E/com.test.biometrictest.MainActivity: auth done : MyData(id=1, text=first)
as you see in last line MyData id and text is invalid! autneticate function input(data) is not the same when onAuthenticationSucceeded is called!
(if you try to test it be sure to use DeviceCredentials not biometrics, I mean pattern or password, unset your fingerprint)
Why data is not valid in callBack?
it works ok on android 10 or with fingerprint
I don`t want to use onSaveInstanceState.

When you create a new instance of BiometricPrompt class, it adds a LifecycleObserver to the activity and as I figured out it never removes it. So when you have multiple instances of BiometricPrompt in an activity, there are multiple LifecycleObserver at the same time that cause this issue.
For devices prior to Android Q, there is a transparent activity named DeviceCredentialHandlerActivity and a bridge class named DeviceCredentialHandlerBridge which support device credential authentication. BiometricPrompt manages the bridge in different states and finally calls the callback methods in the onResume state (when back to the activity after leaving credential window) if needed. When there are multiple LifecycleObserver, The first one will handle the result and reset the bridge, so there is nothing to do by other observers. This the reason that the first callback implementation calls twice in your code.
Solution:
You should remove LifecycleObserver from activity when you create a new instance of BiometricPrompt class. Since there is no direct access to the observer, you need use reflection here. I modified your code based on this solution as below:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val TAG = MainActivity::class.java.name
private var lastLifecycleObserver: LifecycleObserver? = null
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
findViewById<View>(R.id.first).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(1, "first"))
}
findViewById<View>(R.id.second).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(2, "second"))
}
}
private fun authenticate(data: MyData) {
Log.e(TAG, "starting auth with $data")
lastLifecycleObserver?.let {
lifecycle.removeObserver(it)
lastLifecycleObserver = null
}
val biometricPrompt = BiometricPrompt(
this,
ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
object : BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationCallback() {
override fun onAuthenticationSucceeded(result: BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationResult) {
Log.e(TAG, "auth done : $data")
}
})
var field = BiometricPrompt::class.java.getDeclaredField("mLifecycleObserver")
field.isAccessible = true
lastLifecycleObserver = field.get(biometricPrompt) as LifecycleObserver
val promptInfo = BiometricPrompt.PromptInfo.Builder()
.setDeviceCredentialAllowed(true)
.setTitle("title")
.build()
biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
}
}
data class MyData(
val id: Int,
val text: String
)

So it seems strange but I managed to get it working by introducing a parameter to MainActivity
here is the working code:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
var dataParam : MyData? = null
companion object {
private val TAG = MainActivity::class.java.name
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
findViewById<View>(R.id.firstBtn).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(1, "first"))
}
findViewById<View>(R.id.secondBtn).setOnClickListener {
authenticate(MyData(2, "second"))
}
}
private fun authenticate(data: MyData) {
Log.e(TAG, "starting auth with $data")
dataParam = data
val biometricPrompt = BiometricPrompt(
this,
ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
object : BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationCallback() {
override fun onAuthenticationSucceeded(result: BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationResult) {
Log.e(TAG, "auth done : $dataParam")
}
})
val promptInfo = BiometricPrompt.PromptInfo.Builder()
.setDeviceCredentialAllowed(true)
.setTitle("title")
.build()
biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
}
}
data class MyData(
val id: Int,
val text: String
)
The output is now:
E/com.worldsnas.bioissuesample.MainActivity: starting auth with MyData(id=1, text=first)
E/com.worldsnas.bioissuesample.MainActivity: auth done : MyData(id=1, text=first)
E/com.worldsnas.bioissuesample.MainActivity: starting auth with MyData(id=2, text=second)
E/com.worldsnas.bioissuesample.MainActivity: auth done : MyData(id=2, text=second)

Since you are asking about setDeviceCredentialAllowed(true), it's safe to assume you aren't following the recommended implementation that uses CryptoObject. (Also check out this blog post.)
The setDeviceCredentialAllowed(true) functionality will only work on API 21+, but you have multiple options for handling it in your app depending on your minSdkVersion.
API 23+
if your app is targeting API 23+, then you can do
if (keyguardManager.isDeviceSecure()){
biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
}
API 16 to pre-API 23
If your app must make the check pre API 23, you can use
if (keyguardManager.isKeyguardSecure) {
biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
}
KeyguardManager.isKeyguardSecure() is equivalent to isDeviceSecure() unless the device is SIM-locked.
API 14 to API 16
If you are targeting lower than API 16 or SIM-lock is an issue, then you should simply rely on the error codes in the callback onAuthenticationError().
P.S.
You should replace private val TAG = MainActivity::class.java.name with private val TAG = "MainActivity".

MVVM return value from Model to Repository

I Am using MVVM architecture to simple project. Then i stack in this case, when i have to return value from Model DataSource (Lambda function) to Repository then ViewModel will observe this repository. Please correct me if this not ideally and give me some advise for the true MVVM in android. i want to use LiveData only instead of RxJava in this case, because many sample in Github using RxJava.
In my Model i have class UserDaoImpl, code snippet like below
class UserDaoImpl : UserDao {
private val resultCreateUser = MutableLiveData<AppResponse>()
private val mAuth : FirebaseAuth by lazy {
FirebaseAuth.getInstance()
}
override fun createUser(user: User) {
mAuth.createUserWithEmailAndPassword(user.email, user.password)
.addOnCompleteListener {
//I DID NOT REACH THIS LINE
println("hasilnya ${it.isSuccessful} ")
if(it.isSuccessful){
val appResponse = AppResponse(true, "oke")
resultCreateUser.postValue(appResponse)
}else{
val appResponse = AppResponse(false, "not oke -> ${it.result.toString()}")
resultCreateUser.postValue(appResponse)
}
}
.addOnFailureListener {
println("hasilnya ${it.message}")
val appResponse = AppResponse(false, "not oke -> ${it.message}")
resultCreateUser.postValue(appResponse)
}
}
override fun getResultCreateUser() = resultCreateUser
}
And this is my Repository snippet code
class RegisterRepositoryImpl private constructor(private val userDao: UserDao) : RegisterRepository{
companion object{
#Volatile private var instance : RegisterRepositoryImpl? = null
fun getInstance(userDao: UserDao) = instance ?: synchronized(this){
instance ?: RegisterRepositoryImpl(userDao).also {
instance = it
}
}
}
override fun registerUser(user: User) : LiveData<AppResponse> {
userDao.createUser(user)
return userDao.getResultCreateUser() as LiveData<AppResponse>
}
}
Then this is my ViewModel
class RegisterViewModel (private val registerRepository: RegisterRepository) : ViewModel() {
val signUpResult = MutableLiveData<AppResponse>()
fun registerUser(user: User){
println(user.toString())
val response = registerRepository.registerUser(user)
signUpResult.value = response.value
}
}
If i execute the snippet code above, the result always nullpointer in signUpResult
This is my Activity
lateinit var viewModel: RegisterViewModel
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_register)
initializeUI()
}
private fun initializeUI() {
val factory = InjectorUtils.provideRegisterViewModelFactory()
viewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this, factory).get(RegisterViewModel::class.java)
viewModel.signUpResult.observe(this, Observer {
//IT always null
if(it.success){
// to HomeActivity
Toast.makeText(this, "Success! ${it.msg}", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "FALSE! ${it.msg}", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
})
register_btn.setOnClickListener {
val username = name.text.toString()
val email = email.text.toString()
val password = password.text.toString()
val phone = number.text.toString()
val user = User(0, username,"disana", email, password, "disana")
viewModel.registerUser(user)
}
}
Crash occured when i press register button

I'm not 100% sure, but I think the problem is in your ViewModel, where you are trying to pass by reference MutableLiveData. Your Activity is observing signUpResult MutableLiveData, but you are never posting new value, you are trying to change reference of that LiveData to one in Repository.
val signUpResult = MutableLiveData<AppResponse>()
fun registerUser(user: User){
println(user.toString())
val response = registerRepository.registerUser(user)
signUpResult.value = response.value
}
I think that the solution here is to let your ViewModel return LiveData, which is returned from Repository.
fun registerUser(user: User): MutableLiveData<AppResponse> {
println(user.toString())
return registerRepository.registerUser(user)
}
And you need to observe function registerUser(user) in your Activity.
viewModel.registerUser(user).observe(this, Observer {
But now you encountered another problem. By this example you will trigger observe method every time your button is clicked. So you need to split in repository your function, you need to make one only for returning userDao.getResultCreateUser() as LiveData<AppResponse>, and the other to trigger userDao.create(user) .
So you can make two functions in your repository
override fun observeRegistrationResponse() : LiveData<AppResponse> {
return userDao.getResultCreateUser() as LiveData<AppResponse>
}
override fun registerUser(user: User) {
userDao.createUser(user)
}
Now also in ViewModel you need to make separate function for observing result and for sending request for registration.
fun observeRegistrationResponse(): LiveData<AppResponse> {
return registerRepository.observeRegistrationResponse()
}
fun registerUser(user: User){
println(user.toString())
registerRepository.registerUser(user)
}
And finally you can observe in your function initializeUI
viewModel.observeRegistrationResponse().observe(this, Observer {
And send registration request on button click
viewModel.registerUser(user)
Sorry for long response, but I tried to explain why you need to change your approach. I hope I helped you a bit to understand how LiveData works.