I have a recyclerview assoicated with a filtered search in a toolbar. When I start the search, the number of items displayed by the recyclerview is far larger than the screen size. But when I try to scroll up by swiping to look at the elements off the screen, there no response. I thought RecyclerViews like ListViews always support scrolling. Any ideas why my RecyclerView is not scrolling?
Here is the coordinator layout for the tool bar, search, and recycler view that gets included in my main layout (I apologize for the formatting but the insert code widget does not work correctly):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.lampreynetworks.cpa.CPA_Activity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar_search_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="#color/colorToolbarBackground"
android:theme="#style/AppThemeDark"
app:contentInsetEnd="0dp"
app:contentInsetStart="0dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/card_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
The main layout is as follows
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="#+id/base_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.lampreynetworks.cpa.CPA_Activity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<include
android:id="#+id/toolbar_search"
layout="#layout/toolbar_search_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="#+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<RelativeLayout
android:id="#+id/borderLayout"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="4dp"
android:background="#drawable/text_view_border"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="#+id/text_connect_status"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="6dp"
android:text="some text"
android:textColor="#color/orange"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
</RelativeLayout>
<ListView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#android:id/list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_below="#+id/borderLayout"
android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
android:layout_marginStart="4dp"
android:choiceMode="none"
android:stackFromBottom="false">
</ListView>
</RelativeLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="#+id/navigation_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:menu="#menu/nav_drawer_menu"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</LinearLayout>
All other aspects appear to be okay. The list interactively responds to user input text and click actions on the recyclerview items are able to obtain the searched-for information. But this list never scrolls. I have tried numerous approaches taking hints from related issues (adding various types of scroll layouts, invoking scroll-related attributes in various places, etc. all within the coordinator layout) but the behavior remains unchanged. There must be something really stupid that I am doing to kill such a basic behavior.
Try moving the RecyclerView outside of the AppBarLayout as follows:
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.lampreynetworks.cpa.CPA_Activity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar_search_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="#color/colorToolbarBackground"
android:theme="#style/AppThemeDark"
app:contentInsetEnd="0dp"
app:contentInsetStart="0dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/card_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
change recyclerview height to wrap_content.
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/card_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
put your recyclerview out of AppBarLayout.
Related
Hi, I have tried to implement the appbar scrolling behavior and it works fine, however, if I scroll when I'm right on the top it seems like there is extra space for one recyclerview row. How do I get rid of the extra space?
activity_main:
<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|snap|enterAlways" />
</com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>
<include layout="#layout/nav_host" />
</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
fragment_recyclerview:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".fragments.recyclerviewFragment.RecyclerviewFragment"
>
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:paddingTop="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:clipToPadding="false"
android:scrollbars="none"
android:id="#+id/recyclerView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
/>
<com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
android:layout_gravity="bottom|right"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|end|right"
app:layout_anchor="#id/recyclerView"
android:id="#+id/floatingActionButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="24dp"
android:backgroundTint="#color/green_300_org"
android:contentDescription="#string/add_a_task"
android:src="#drawable/ic_baseline_add_24"
app:tint="#color/black" />
</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
Instead of adding this attribute to the RecyclerView of fragment_recyclerview.xml:
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
add it in your activity_main.xml file, and it will work fine.
It will be like:
<include
layout="#layout/nav_host"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
Then you can remove the top padding from your RecyclerView, and you don't need to use CoordinatorLayout in the fragment_recyclerview.xml file as well.
I am trying to implement a SearchView in a Toolbar which has a NaviagtionDrawer such that the RecyclerView is ONLY displayed when the user clicks on the search icon. Then I want the RecyclerView to vanish and the searchView to collapse when the user selects a row in the RecyclerView. When the search is not being done, the main functionality of the app is taking place.
I have gotten the search filtering to work and the onClick() in the adapter does its job. However, the only way I can keep the RecyclerView from hogging the screen is to call the RecyclerView.setAdapter() method in the onOptionsItemSelected() which can't be right. However, I cannot get it to shutdown so that is a one-time solution; once up, it stays up!
Here is my main layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="#+id/base_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.lampreynetworks.cpa.CPA_Activity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<include
android:id="#+id/toolbar_search"
layout="#layout/toolbar_search_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="#+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<RelativeLayout
android:id="#+id/borderLayout"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="4dp"
android:background="#drawable/text_view_border"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="#+id/text_connect_status"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="6dp"
android:text="Please take a reading now with the medical device you have connected to your CareSpan PHG app. Be sure to select the right patient from the list above."
android:textColor="#color/orange"
android:textStyle="bold"/>
</RelativeLayout>
<ListView
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="#android:id/list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
android:layout_below="#+id/borderLayout"
android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
android:layout_marginStart="4dp"
android:choiceMode="none"
android:stackFromBottom="false">
</ListView>
</RelativeLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="#+id/navigation_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:menu="#menu/nav_drawer_menu"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
Here is the layout for the include containing the toolbar
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.lampreynetworks.cpa.CPA_Activity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar_search_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="#color/colorToolbarBackground"
app:contentInsetEnd="0dp"
app:contentInsetStart="0dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/card_recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginTop="?actionBarSize"
android:scrollbars="vertical"/>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>e
I have the xml for the RecyclerView rows (using Cardview) and that appears as it should.
So the basic questions are
how do I hide the RecyclerView until the user clicks on the Toolbar
search icon, and
how do I re-hide it when the user clicks on a row in
the RecyclerView of displayed filtered items?
I'm working on android application just for learning purposes an in the app I have a Relative layout who has another linear layout in it and a RecyclerView. The RecyclerView is there to show a list of friends for the particular user and the Linear layout is to give an option to the user to click on it and to be redirected to another activity where he can add new friends. This is the .xml file.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="#+id/addFriendLayout">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="#string/add_new_friend"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:textStyle="bold"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:textColor="#color/addNewFriendTextColor"/>
</LinearLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="#+id/friendsRecyclerView"
android:layout_below="#+id/addFriendLayout"/>
</RelativeLayout>
What I want to do?
-When the user scroll up I want that Linear layout to hide behind the toolbar and then when user scroll down to collapse and become visible.
This is one similar case like mine but I didn't understand how to do it.
Stack Overflow link
check this code.. I hope this may help you
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="#+id/app_bar_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="#+id/collapsing_toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:expandedTitleMarginEnd="44dp"
app:expandedTitleMarginStart="10dp">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#color/colorAccent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="20dp">
<!--your design here-->
</LinearLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:popupTheme="#style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/recycler"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:scrollbars="vertical"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
I want something similar to below asked question where instead of 'view 1' ,it's going to be a scroll view :
android: Create layout which collapse on scrolling
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:background="#456342"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="50dp"
android:clickable="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/activity_subcard_toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:popupTheme="#style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin"/>
<include layout="#layout/activity_sub_card_content1"
android:layout_height="200dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"/>
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<include layout="#layout/activity_sub_card_content2" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
Given below xml code is my layout 'activity_sub_card_content1' that i have included in my CollapsingToolbarLayout. i want something similar to this:
How to place a layout below toolbar in collapsing toolbar layout?
but it has a relative layout that is not too long. Mine will be long,so i want to put my layout in scroll view.
The code i have tried shows my scrollview,but it does not scroll it,instead it collapses the toolbar.
<ScrollView android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="#+id/trial"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<LinearLayout
android:clickable="true"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp">
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
You could try adding these two lines in your code:
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
>
<Your code here with
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
Can you try to add this tag
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
<ScrollView android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="#+id/trial"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
----- your code
</ScrollView>
AppBarLayout also requires a separate scrolling sibling in order to know when to scroll. The binding is done through the AppBarLayout.ScrollingViewBehavior class, meaning that you should set your scrolling view's behavior to be an instance of AppBarLayout.ScrollingViewBehavior. A string resource containing the full class name is available.
Check this link: https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/design/widget/AppBarLayout.html
I am trying to add a button bar at the bottom of a screen which already contains a recycler view. When i do so the button bar overlaps the last item of the recycler view and if i try to click on the button bar the item under it in the recycler view gets clicked. Here is my xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
tools:context="com.example.owaisnizami.navigation.MainActivity">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="#+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:popupTheme="#style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<include layout="#layout/content_main"/>
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/buttonBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
style="#android:style/ButtonBar"
android:background="#F44336"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|end">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="Advertisements Here"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"/>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
content_main contains the recycler view and here is its xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:showIn="#layout/activity_main"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:scrollbars="vertical"/>
</RelativeLayout>
I have had and have now solved this problem and the solution is not as complicated as I was thinking.
In the layout in content_main that holds your RecyclerView, set
android:layout_marginBottom="<height-of-your-button-bar>"
Set this for the RelativeLayout which holds your RecyclerView, not your RecyclerView itself.
Now, when you scroll to the bottom of your list it will continue to scroll so that the last item is not hidden by the button bar.
Looking at your layout, you may need to identify the height of your button bar so that you can set this margin accordingly.
Hope this helps.
Full disclosure, I used this solution with a NestedScrollView instead of a RelativeLayout though don't know why it wouldn't work - also, if you switch to a NestedScrollView your CollapsableToolbar will be able to collapse.
Move your button bar layout inside your content_main as below
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="#string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
tools:showIn="#layout/activity_main"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="#+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_above="#+id/buttonBar"
android:scrollbars="vertical"/>
<LinearLayout
android:id="#+id/buttonBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
style="#android:style/ButtonBar"
android:background="#F44336"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="Advertisements Here"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"/>
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
This way you can be sure that recyclerView ends before button bar layout