Develop Reference

LiveData binding observer being registered multiple times when changing device orientation even when using viewLifeCycleOwner

I have a view model that is data binded to a fragment. The view model is shared with the main activity.
I've button is binded to the view as follows:
<Button
android:id="#+id/startStopBtn"
android:text="#{dashboardViewModel.startStopText == null ? #string/startBtn : dashboardViewModel.startStopText}"
android:onClick = "#{() -> dashboardViewModel.onStartStopButton(context)}"
android:layout_width="83dp"
android:layout_height="84dp"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal|center_vertical"
android:backgroundTint="#{dashboardViewModel.isRecStarted == false ? #color/startYellow : #color/stopRed}"
tools:backgroundTint="#color/startYellow"
android:duplicateParentState="false"
tools:text="START"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF" />
What I expect to happen is that every time I press the button the function onStartStopButton(context) runs. This works fine as long as I don't rotate the device. When I rotate the device the function is run twice, if I rotate again the function is run 3 times and so on. This is not a problem if I go to another fragment and then back to the dashboard fragment. It looks like the live data observer is getting registered every time I rotate my screen, but not every time I detach and reattach the fragment.
This is true for all the elements in that fragment, whether they are data binded or I manually observe them.
Fragment code:
class DashboardFragment : Fragment() {
private var _binding: FragmentDashboardBinding? = null
private val binding get() = _binding!!
private val dashboardViewModel: DashboardViewModel by activityViewModels()
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
_binding = FragmentDashboardBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
val root: View = binding.root
binding.dashboardViewModel = dashboardViewModel
binding.lifecycleOwner = viewLifecycleOwner
dashboardViewModel.bleSwitchState.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { switchState -> handleBleSwitch(switchState) })
dashboardViewModel.yLims.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { yLims ->
updatePlotWithNewData(yLims.first, yLims.second)
})
Timber.i("Dahsboard on create: DashboardViewModel in fragment: $dashboardViewModel")
return root
}
}
The view model:
class DashboardViewModel : ViewModel() {
//region live data
private var _isRecStarted = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
val isRecStarted: LiveData<Boolean> get() = _isRecStarted
//private var _bleSwitchState = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
val bleSwitchState = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
private var _startStopText = MutableLiveData<String>()
val startStopText: LiveData<String> get() = _startStopText
private var _yLims = MutableLiveData<Pair<kotlin.Float,kotlin.Float>>()
val yLims: LiveData<Pair<kotlin.Float,kotlin.Float>> get() = _yLims
//endregion
init {
Timber.d("DashboardViewModel created!")
bleSwitchState.value = true
}
//region start stop button
fun onStartStopButton(context: Context){
Timber.i("Start stop button pressed, recording data size: ${recordingRawData.size}, is started: ${isRecStarted.value}")
isRecStarted.value?.let{ isRecStarted ->
if (!isRecStarted){ // starting recording
_isRecStarted.postValue(true)
_startStopText.postValue(context.getString(R.string.stopBtn))
startDurationTimer()
}else{ // stopping recording
_isRecStarted.postValue(false)
_startStopText.postValue(context.getString(R.string.startBtn))
stopDurationTimer()
}
} ?: run{
Timber.e("Error! Is rec started is not there for some reason")
}
}
}
The view model is created the first time from the MainActivity as follows:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val dashboardViewModel: DashboardViewModel by viewModels()
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
Timber.i("DashboardViewModel in main activity: $dashboardViewModel")
}
}
Edit explaining why the MainActivity is tided to the ViewModel:
The reason why the ViewModel is linked to the main activity is that the main activity handles some Bluetooth stuff for a stream of data, when a new sample arrives then the logic to handle it and update the UI of the dashboard fragment is on the DashboardViewModel. The data still needs to be handled even if the dashboard fragment is not there.
So I need to pass the new sample to the DashboardViewModel from the main activity as that is where I receive it. Any suggestions to make this work?

As you know, when you instantiate the ViewModel of a Fragment with activityViewModels, it means that the ViewModel will follow the lifecycle of the Activity containing that Fragment. Specifically here is MainActivity.
So what does ViewModel tied to Activity lifecycle mean in your case?
When you return to the Fragment, normally LiveData (with ViewModel attached to Fragment lifcycler) will trigger again.
But when that ViewModel is attached to the Activity's lifecycle, the LiveData will not be triggered when returning to the Fragment.
That leads to when you return to the Fragment, your LiveData doesn't trigger again.
And that LiveData only triggers according to the life cycle of the activity. That is, when you rotate the screen, the Activity re-initializes, now your LiveData is triggered.
EDIT:
Here, I will give you one way. Maybe my code below doesn't work completely for your case, but I think it will help you in how to control LiveData and ViewModel when you bind ViewModel to Activity.
First, I recommend that each Fragment should have its own ViewModel and it should not depend on any other Fragment or Activity. Here you should rename the DashboardViewModel initialized by activityViewModels() as ShareViewModel or whatever you feel it is related to this being the ShareViewModel between your Activity and Fragment.
class DashboardFragment : Fragment() {
// Change this `DashboardViewModel` to another class name. Could be `ShareViewModel`.
private val shareViewModel: ShareViewModel by activityViewModels()
// This is the ViewModel attached to the DashboardFragment lifecycle.
private val viewModel: DashboardViewModel by viewModels()
private lateinit var _binding: FragmentDashboardBinding? = null
private val binding get() = _binding!!
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
_binding = FragmentDashboardBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
binding.dashboardViewModel = viewModel
binding.lifecycleOwner = viewLifecycleOwner
return binding.root
}
override fun onDestroyView() {
_binding = null
super.onDestroyView()
}
}
Next, when there is data triggered by the ShareViewModel's LiveData, you will set the value for the LiveData in the ViewModel associated with your Fragment. As follows:
DashboardViewModel.kt
class DashboardViewModel: ViewModel() {
private val _blueToothSwitchState = MutableLiveData<YourType>()
val blueToothSwitchState: LiveData<YourType> = _blueToothSwitchState
private val _yLims = MutableLiveData<Pair<YourType, YourType>>()
val yLims: LiveData<Pair<YourType, YourType>> = _blueToothSwitchState
fun setBlueToothSwitchState(data: YourType) {
_blueToothSwitchState.value = data
}
fun setYLims(data: Pair<YourType, YourType>) {
_yLims.value = data
}
}
DashboardFragment.kt
class DashboardFragment : Fragment() {
...
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
shareViewModel.run {
bleSwitchState.observe(viewLifeCycleOwner) {
viewModel.setBlueToothSwitchState(it)
}
yLims.observe(viewLifeCycleOwner) {
viewModel.setYLims(it)
}
}
viewModel.run {
// Here, LiveData fires observe according to the life cycle of `DashboardFragment`.
// So when you go back to `DashboardFragment`, the LiveData is re-triggered and you still get the observation of that LiveData.
blueToothSwitchState.observe(viewLifeCycleOwner, ::handleBleSwitch)
yLims.observe(viewLifeCycleOwner) {
updatePlotWithNewData(it.first, it.second)
}
}
}
...
}
Edit 2:
In case you rotate the device, the Activity and Fragment will be re-initialized. At that time, LiveData will fire observe. To prevent that, use Event. It will keep your LiveData from observing the value until you set the value again for LiveData.
First, let's create a class Event.
open class Event<out T>(private val content: T) {
var hasBeenHandled = false
private set
fun getContentIfNotHandled(): T? = if (hasBeenHandled) {
null
} else {
hasBeenHandled = true
content
}
fun peekContent(): T = content
}
Next, modify the return type of the LiveData that you want to trigger once.
ShareViewModel.kt
class ShareViewModel: ViewModel() {
private val _test = MutableLiveData<Event<YourType>>()
val test: LiveData<Event<YourType>> = _test
fun setTest(value: YourType) {
_test.value = Event(value)
}
}
Add this extension to easily get LiveData's observations.
LiveDataExt.kt
fun <T> LiveData<Event<T>>.eventObserve(owner: LifecycleOwner, observer: (t: T) -> Unit) {
this.observe(owner) { it?.getContentIfNotHandled()?.let(observer) }
}
Finally in the view, you get the data observed by LiveDatat.
class DashboardFragment : Fragment() {
...
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
shareViewModel.test.eventObserve(viewLifeCycleOwner) {
Timber.d("This is test")
}
}
...
}
Note: When using LiveData with Event, make sure that LiveData is not reset when rotating the device. If LiveData is set to value again, LiveData will still trigger even if you use Event.

Unable to observe livedata set in viewmodel from activity

I am a newbie Android developer, and I am trying to observe a boolean set in the ViewModel from its parent's activity. I can observe its initial state as soon as the app launches, but any change applied later on doesn't seem to trigger the observer (i.e. when I switch the fragments).
Here is the code for my ViewModel:
class MyMusicViewModel : ViewModel() {
private var _MyMusicViewOn = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
val MyMusicViewOn: LiveData<Boolean> get() = _MyMusicViewOn
init {
Timber.i("MyMusicViewModel Init Called!")
setMyMusicView(true)
}
override fun onCleared() {
super.onCleared()
Timber.i("MyMusicViewModel Cleared!")
setMyMusicView(false)
}
fun setMyMusicView(setter: Boolean) {
Timber.i("MyMusicViewModel setter called! %s", setter)
_MyMusicViewOn.value = setter
}
}
And here is its parent's activity:
class FullscreenActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val viewModel: MyMusicViewModel by viewModels()
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
viewModel.MyMusicViewOn.observe(this, Observer { MyMusicViewOn ->
Timber.i("Observer called for MyMusicViewOn %s", MyMusicViewOn)
})
}
}
And in case you wanna see the ViewModel's related fragment, here it is:
class MyMusicFragment : Fragment() {
private lateinit var viewModel: MyMusicViewModel
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
val binding = DataBindingUtil.inflate<FragmentMyMusicBinding>(
inflater,
R.layout.fragment_my_music,
container,
false
)
viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyMusicViewModel::class.java)
return binding.root
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
Timber.i("MyMusicViewFragment resumed!")
viewModel.setMyMusicView(true)
}
}
What I am trying to accomplish is to observe the onResume(), onCleared() and init{} functions whenever they are called by changing the status of the MyMusicViewOn MutableLiveData Boolean. What I don't understand is why that boolean doesn't trigger the observer set in the parent activity whenever it changes.
Thankyou in advance for any thoughts!
All the best,
Fab.

I'm guessing that however you are populating that viewModel property in your Fragment, you are not using the Activity's ViewModel instance. The easiest way to get the same instance that the Activity is using would be to use the activityViewModels delegate:
private val viewModel: MyMusicViewModel by activityViewModels()

Retaining Int after view gets destroyed

I am using a gridlayout in a fragment on which the user can switch the amount of items shown per line (by pressing a button he can switch currently between 6 and 4 but might extend on adding a third option).
When the user leaves the the fragment (switches to another fragment) and comes back later, I want to retain the information of how many items per line are shown.
After having tried different options (savedInstanceState: doesn't work as the activity is never recreated, getArguments: not a feasible option afaik, as I have to pass the information several times) I am using a sharedViewModel that is implemented anyways as some of information is observed.
I feel like it's an overkill, as it is "just" an int (or even a bool, if there are just 2 states) and there might be a more simple ("built in"?) solution which might be similiar to activity's savedInstanceState.
Here is some code:
Fragment with GridLayout
class LibraryFragment : Fragment() {
private val model: SharedViewModel by activityViewModels()
private lateinit var gridlayoutManager: GridLayoutManager
private lateinit var thumbnailAdapter: ThumbnailAdapter
private lateinit var thumbnailRecyclerView: RecyclerView
private var booksPerLine = 4
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
_binding = FragmentLibraryViewerBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
val view = libraryFragmentBinding.root
initRecyclerView()
return view
}
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
model.booksPerLine.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer {
booksPerLine = it
switchNoOfBooksPerLine()
})
}
private fun initRecyclerView() {
thumbnailRecyclerView = libraryFragmentBinding.thumbnailRecyclerView
switchNoOfBooksPerLine()
thumbnailAdapter = ThumbnailAdapter { selectedBook: Book -> displaySelectedBook(selectedBook) }
thumbnailAdapter.setThumbnailList(listOf())
thumbnailRecyclerView.adapter = thumbnailAdapter
}
private fun switchNoOfBooksPerLine() {
gridlayoutManager = GridLayoutManager(requireContext(), booksPerLine, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
thumbnailRecyclerView.layoutManager = gridlayoutManager
}
override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
return when (item.itemId) {
R.id.change_grid -> {
when (booksPerLine) {
4 -> model.setBooksPerLine(6)
6 -> model.setBooksPerLine(4)
}
true
}
}
}
}
SharedViewModel with grid information
class SharedViewModel : ViewModel() {
val booksPerLine = MutableLiveData<Int>()
internal fun setBooksPerLine(_booksPerLine: Int) {
booksPerLine.value = _booksPerLine
}
}
So the questions is, if there is a more simple/efficient way of retaining the Int? (bonus question: how efficient (in terms of ressource usage like memory) is a SharedViewModel actually?
Is there a built in method like savedInstanceState for activities for fragments, too?

I would suggest to keep the data in the activity. And in fragment get the data from activity in onViewCreated method like-
val data = (activity as MyActivity)?.data
Also, put back the data into the activity the other way when data changed-
(activity as MyActivity)?.data = changedData
This is the manual way. Keep in mind the data is nullable.

onClick with dataBinding an ViewModel doesn't work

Im working on a project and implementing the MVVM model with databinding and navigation. My button is on a fragment that opens with a drawer menu item, the thing is when i click on the button it does nothing, the debugger doesn't go into the navigate method, I really don't know what I did wrong, can someone help?
MYACCOUNT CLASS:
class MyAccountFragment : BaseFragment() {
private val vm: MyAccountViewModel by viewModel()
override fun getViewModel(): BaseViewModel = vm
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
val binding = FragmentMyAccountBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
context ?: return binding.root
injectFeature()
setToolbar(binding)
subscribeUi(binding)
return binding.root
}
/**
* set toolbar
* **/
private fun setToolbar(binding: FragmentMyAccountBinding) {
binding.appBarLayout.backClickListener = (activity as MainActivity).createOnBackClickListener()
}
/**
* set ui
* **/
private fun subscribeUi(binding: FragmentMyAccountBinding) {
binding.viewModel = vm
}
}
MYACCVIEWMODEL
class MyAccountViewModel constructor() : BaseViewModel() {
fun onAddRoomClick()
{
navigate(MyAccountFragmentDirections.actionMyAccountFragmentToAddRoomFragment())
}
}
and in the xml i implemented the
android:onClick="#{() -> viewModel.onAddRoomClick()}"
Im using this pattern for all my Fragments and ViewModels, and i really dont know why it doesn't do anything, the vm initializes. On the other drawermenu fragment I also have the onClick method and it navigates to the other fragment. So if anyone knows the solution that would be helpful, thank you in advance.

the answer was in the initialization of the viewModel.
the onClick method in xml is in a content_layout that is included in a fragment_layout and instead of binding.viewModel = vm I had to do binding.content_layout.viewModel = vm.
private fun subscribeUi(binding: FragmentMyAccountBinding) {
binding.contentMyAccount.viewModel = vm
}

ViewModel is not supposed to handle any kind of navigation, it will just receive the event from the UI and pass it to the controller (which might be a fragment or activity) and the latter will handle the navigation...
So one way to solve your issue is to do the following:
ViewModel
class MyAccountViewModel constructor() : BaseViewModel() {
private val _navigateToRoomFragEvent = MutableLiveData<Boolean>(false)
val navigateToRoomFragEvent:LiveData<Boolean>
get()=_navigateToRoomFragEvent
fun onAddRoomClick()
{
_navigateToRoomFragEvent.value=true
}
fun resetNavigation(){
_navigateToRoomFragEvent.value=false
}
}
Controller (Activity or Fragment)
inside **onCreate() (if it is an activity)**
viewModel.navigateToRoomFragEvent.observe(this,Observer{navigate->
//boolean value
if(navigate){
navController.navigate(//action)
}
viewModel.resetNavigation() //don't forget to reset the event
})
onActivityCreated(if it is a fragment)
viewModel.navigateToRoomFragEvent.observe(viewLifeCycleOwner,Observer{navigate->
//boolean value
if(navigate){
navController.navigate(//action)
}
viewModel.resetNavigation() //don't forget to reset the event
})
Hope it helps,

LiveData Observer not Called

I have an activity, TabBarActivity that hosts a fragment, EquipmentRecyclerViewFragment. The fragment receives the LiveData callback but the Activity does not (as proofed with breakpoints in debugging mode). What's weird is the Activity callback does trigger if I call the ViewModel's initData method. Below are the pertinent sections of the mentioned components:
TabBarActivity
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
initVM()
setContentView(R.layout.activity_nav)
val equipmentRecyclerViewFragment = EquipmentRecyclerViewFragment()
supportFragmentManager
.beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.frameLayout, equipmentRecyclerViewFragment, equipmentRecyclerViewFragment.TAG)
.commit()
navigation.setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener(mOnNavigationItemSelectedListener)
}
var eVM : EquipmentViewModel? = null
private fun initVM() {
eVM = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(EquipmentViewModel::class.java)
eVM?.let { lifecycle.addObserver(it) } //Add ViewModel as an observer of this fragment's lifecycle
eVM?.equipment?.observe(this, loadingObserver)// eVM?.initData() //TODO: Not calling this causes Activity to never receive the observed ∆
}
val loadingObserver = Observer<List<Gun>> { equipment ->
...}
EquipmentRecyclerViewFragment
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
columnCount = 2
initVM()
}
//MARK: ViewModel Methods
var eVM : EquipmentViewModel? = null
private fun initVM() {
eVM = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(EquipmentViewModel::class.java)
eVM?.let { lifecycle.addObserver(it) } //Add ViewModel as an observer of this fragment's lifecycle
eVM?.equipment?.observe(this, equipmentObserver)
eVM?.initData()
}
override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_equipment_list, container, false)
if (view is RecyclerView) { // Set the adapter
val context = view.getContext()
view.layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(context, columnCount)
view.adapter = adapter
}
return view
}
EquipmentViewModel
class EquipmentViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application), LifecycleObserver {
var equipment = MutableLiveData<List<Gun>>()
var isLoading = MutableLiveData<Boolean>()
fun initData() {
isLoading.setValue(true)
thread { Thread.sleep(5000) //Simulates async network call
var gunList = ArrayList<Gun>()
for (i in 0..100){
gunList.add(Gun("Gun "+i.toString()))
}
equipment.postValue(gunList)
isLoading.postValue(false)
}
}
The ultimate aim is to have the activity just observe the isLoading MutableLiveData boolean, but since that wasn't working I changed the activity to observe just the equipment LiveData to minimize the number of variables at play.

To get same reference of ViewModel of your Activity you need to pass the same Activity instance, you should use ViewModelProviders.of(getActivity). When you pass this as argument, you receive instance of ViewModel that associates with your Fragment.
There are two overloaded methods:
ViewModelProvider.of(Fragment fragment)
ViewModelProvider.of(FragmentActivity activity)
For more info Share data between fragments

I put this code inside the onActivityCreated fragment, don't underestimate getActivity ;)
if (activity != null) {
globalViewModel = ViewModelProvider(activity!!).get(GlobalViewModel::class.java)
}
globalViewModel.onStop.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { status ->
Log.d("Parent Viewmodel", status.toString())
})
This code helps me to listening Parent ViewModel changes in fragment.

Just for those who are confused between definitions of SharedViewModel vs Making two fragments use one View Model:
SharedViewModel is used to share 'DATA' (Imagine two new instances being created and data from view model is being send to two fragments) where it is not used for observables since observables look for 'SAME' instance to take action. This means you need to have one viewmodel instance being created for two fragments.
IMO: Google should somehow mention this in their documentation since I myself thought that under the hood they are same instance where it is basically not and it actually now makes sense.
EDIT : Solution in Kotlin: 11/25/2021
In Your activity -> val viewModel : YourViewModel by viewModels()
In Fragment 1 - >
val fragmentViewModel =
ViewModelProvider(requireActivity() as YourActivity)[YourViewModel::class.java]
In Fragment 2 - >
val fragmentViewModel =
ViewModelProvider(requireActivity() as YourActivity)[YourViewModel::class.java]
This Way 2 fragments share one instance of Activity viewmodel and both fragments can use listeners to observe changes between themselves.

When you create fragment instead of getting viewModel object by viewModels() get it from activityViewModels()
import androidx.fragment.app.activityViewModels
class WeatherFragment : Fragment(R.layout.fragment_weather) {
private lateinit var binding: FragmentWeatherBinding
private val viewModel: WeatherViewModel by activityViewModels() // Do not use viewModels()
override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
binding = FragmentWeatherBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
binding.viewModel = viewModel
// Observing for testing & Logging
viewModel.cityName.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView() | City name changed $it")
})
return binding.root
}
}

Kotlin Answer
Remove these two points in your function if you are using:
= viewModelScope.launch { }
suspend