I am trying to implement a simple subscription IAP on Android using the Amazon SDK. I adjusted their subscription sample app. The code is really simple.
Set <String>productSkus = new HashSet<String>();
productSkus.add("TLS_SKU_MONTHLY" );
productSkus.add( "TLS_SKU" );
PurchasingService.getProductData(productSkus);
But the response from onProductDataResponse() is always fail. I'm not sure why, I cannot find any examples etc to even know if my SKUs are right, in the sample app they looked more like package names than this, but these strings are what I entered on the 'in-app items' on the apps page on Amazon. The app has not been submitted yet, but I need to test and implement IAP before that. Any ideas? I cannot even find a simple tutorial walking through this, and as usual their docs are poor.
edit, noticed im getting these errors that dont even come up on google
Kiwi: DataAuthenticationKeyLoaderV3: Unable to load authentication Key
java.io.FileNotFoundException: AppstoreAuthenticationKey.pem
DATA_AUTH_KEY_LOAD_FAILURE: CERT_NOT_FOUND: null
com.amazon.a.a.o.b.a.a: DATA_AUTH_KEY_LOAD_FAILURE: CERT_NOT_FOUND: null
I'm wondering, is this because I am running on real Android and not an Amazon device like a fire tablet or tv stick?
You should add your own AppstoreAuthenticationKey.pem to the project assets folder. It is not (and should not be) delivered together with the sample.
Basically, you must do a few things:
Login to the Amazon developer console and create your application.
Go to the “Apk Files" tab to download AppstoreAuthenticationKey.pem.
Add this file to the project’s assets folder.
You can get the full instructions from Amazon.
As for devices, yes, you must use an Amazon device. But this should not be the reason why you are getting this exception.
I recently came across this app Purchase Apps, which is somehow able to retrieve apps I've paid for in google play after I signed in using my google account.
I'm trying to find out how it is being done as I want to build a similar app, but for the free apps which were downloaded.
However, I can't find which OAuth API Scope was used for retrieving that information, even after going through the entire list of APIs.
EDIT:
I'm putting a new bounty on this question, as suggested by a similar question I've asked about here, and because here and there I don't see a real answer about how to do it, and what can be done with it.
I'd like to refine the questions into multiple pieces:
What is the API that can be used to get information of purchased apps? Where can I read about it? Please show a full, working example of how to do it.
Can it do more ? Maybe perform search? Maybe show free apps that were installed? Maybe the time they were installed and uninstalled? And the categories of those apps?
Are there any special requirements for using this API ?
EDIT: I'm putting a max bounty on this, because no matter how much I've read and tried, I still failed to make a POC that can query the apps from the Play Store that the user has ever downloaded (name, package name, date installed and/or removed, icon URL, price...), including both paid and free apps.
If anyone finds a working sample, show how it's done, and also show how you've found about it (documentation or anything that has led you to the solution). I can't find it anywhere, and the current solutions here are too vague for me to start from.
Issue is resolved. The exploit has been closed.
We will be closing this bug due to being logged in a Preview version of Android. If the issue is still relevant and reproducible in the latest public release (Android Q), please capture a bugreport and log the bug in https://source.android.com/setup/contribute/report-bugs. If a reply is not received within the next 14 days, this issue will be closed. Thank you for your understanding.
Latest update:
This is a bug and Google will address it in the next update.
We've deferred this issue for consideration in a future release. Thank
you for your time to make Android better
This answer has turned into a conglomeration of ideas and been edited to include information from discussion in the comments.
The androidmarket api, would be a customised api written by the developer. It's not available to the public.
To address your concerns in the comments. The developer would have utilised the current apis available through Android Developer and Google to create a project that manages all of these.
As for accessing Full Account Access, I'm not sure exactly how these developers have achieved this.
I'd recommend using the AccountManager, which is part of android.accounts, has access to credentials and a method getUserData. The account manager has access to passwords and is capable of creating and deleting accounts. This, possibly used with Content Provider
See Udinic/SyncAdapter Authentication.
To reply to your comment:
This blog should help you to get started. Write your own Android Authenticator.
How these apps actually work, I cannot tell you. They may also have different implementations (unless they're a collaborative effort behind the scenes, they most certainly will be different).
One guess. Firstly use GoogleSignInAccount with com.google.android.gms.auth.api.signin.
There a definition for scope, to determine the extent of the permissions the app is granted.
Using requestScopes(), the
public static final String PROFILE
.../ It lets your web app access over-the-air Android app installs.
For example:
GoogleSignInOptions gso =
new GoogleSignInOptions.Builder(GoogleSignInOptions.DEFAULT_SIGN_IN)
.requestEmail().
.requestScopes(new Scope("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/contacts.readonly"))
.build();
If full access can be gained a list of all apps used by the account holder can be found and compared to what's on the device.
Package Manager will retrieve a list of all apps currently installed on the device.
PackageInfo provides the details about the app.
INSTALL_REASON_USER will also filter out apps that have been actively installed by the user.
You might want to look at com.google.firebase.appindexing and Log User Actions. Different actions can be tracked.
The users account history is found at https://myactivity.google.com/myactivity.
A helpful link is the OAuth 2.0 Playground.
This github repo node-google-play, using node, is current and will call Google Play APIs. As did the archive that was used as an "unofficial" api, android-market-api, to query the market place.
App 1
The app claims to use the following permissions:
Version 2.1.8 can access:
$ In-app purchases
Other
receive data from Internet
view network connections
full network access
use accounts on the device
prevent device from sleeping
read Google service configuration
Noteworthy, the app doesn't set any permissions when there was a basic, install. I was unable to use any of the features, as I have no paid apps. So for the initial search - there were no permissions needed, which would indicate the app didn't have access to my account.
I checked the permissions - there were none set. So the only thing required was to accept the pop up, as displayed in your question.
App 2
The other app you refer to that does the same thing is more upfront about what is being accessed.
My Paid Apps
SECURITY/PRIVACY NOTICE
The first time you run this app, it will ask for full permission to your Google account. This is unfortunately
the only way to access the required information. No personal
information is stored, no information about your apps is shared with
the developer of this app, nor shared with any third parties.
Everything is kept on your phone only.
I've gone into detail over these apps in this blog post, which was for a university capstone project (no monetary gain). I'm inclined to think this is an exploit in the API and not status by design by Google, as there are no API calls to fetch purchases of apps other than the developer's own app. I hypothesize it's a zero day exploit, in which case there's no legitimate way to access this information.
In case of one of these applications (My Paid Apps), after checking the network traffic it is pretty obvious that it does use the Store's Account page to retrieve the list of paid applications.
Now, the mechanism it uses is the same mechanism that Google Chrome currently, and Pokemon GO supposedly at a point in time used.
In a nutshell, steps to do so are as follow:
Login:
What the mentioned program do for the first step is to log the user in and get access to the user's access token. To do so, it uses the android.accounts.AccountManager.getAuthToken() method. (See more: AccountManager)
However, as for the token scope, oauth2:https://www.google.com/accounts/OAuthLogin is requested.
It might be important to note that based on the OAth2 documentation from Google, this scope is not valid; however, it seems like a valid scope for Google OAuth v1.
Converting the newly retrieved access token to a ubertoken:
Now, what actually ubertoken supposed to do, is unknown and there is no official documentation about it. However, it was seen in the wild to be used by chrome browser to login users.
This is done by requesting the https://accounts.google.com/OAuthLogin?source=ChromiumBrowser&issueuberauth=1 page.
Converting ubertoken to website session:
Later on, using the newly created ubertoken it is possible to get a website session using the https://accounts.google.com/MergeSession API endpoint. After this step, the application is essentially capable of loading all personal pages that you can open using your browser while logged in; except some special pages including Payment settings.
Retrieving the list of paid applications:
Requesting and parsing the https://play.google.com/store/account page.
Following is the application's traffic as captured by 'Packet Capture':
As it is clearly visible in the picture, the end result is identical to what I get when I normally open the store's account page on my PC with Chrome Desktop:
Side note:
It seems none of these endpoints are documented as they are primarily used by Google's own programs and should be considered internal. Therefore I strongly recommend not using them in any program or code that you expect to run for a long time or in a production environment.
Also, there is bad news here for you too, it seems that the Google Play's account page only lists paid applications or special free apps (more especially OEM apps). I will try to find some time and dig deeper into the other application.
Interesting articles:
Pokemon tokens
Exploiting Google Chrome's OAuth2 Tokens
If you have root access, You can access /data/data/com.android.vending/databases/library.db
OnePlus3T:/data/data/com.android.vending/databases
-rw-rw---- 1 u0_a2 u0_a2 229376 2018-12-26 18:01 library.db
This database has all information, which app you have downloaded, which apps you have purchased, and even in which app you have done IAP.
Check ownership table, It has all information.
ownership (account STRING, library_id STRING, backend INTEGER, doc_id STRING, doc_type INTEGER, offer_type INTEGER, document_hash INTEGER, subs_valid_until_time INTEGER, app_certificate_hash STRING, app_refund_pre_delivery_endtime_ms INTEGER, app_refund_post_delivery_window_ms INTEGER, subs_auto_renewing INTEGER, subs_initiation_time INTEGER, subs_trial_until_time INTEGER, inapp_purchase_data STRING, inapp_signature STRING, preordered INTEGER, owned_via_license INTEGER, shared_by_me INTEGER, sharer_gaia_id TEXT, shareability INTEGER, purchase_time INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (account, library_id, backend, doc_id, doc_type, offer_type))
Dealing with unofficial Google APIs is incredibly complicated territory. It's going to be possible to get this to work, but that's all I'll say. Proceed at your own risk.
The first thing you're going to need to do is get a Google Play auth token. This can be done several ways, but here's how they do it in Purchased Apps:
public static String getAuthToken(Activity activity, String userEmail) {
AccountManager accountManager = AccountManager.get(activity);
Account userAccount = new Account(userEmail, "com.google");
Bundle options = new Bundle();
options.putBoolean("suppressProgressScreen", true);
String token;
try {
Bundle result = accountManager
.getAuthToken(userAccount, "androidmarket", options, activity, null, null)
.getResult();
token = result.getString("authtoken");
} catch (OperationCanceledException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "Login canceled by user");
return null;
} catch (IOException | AuthenticatorException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Login failed", e);
return null;
}
return token;
}
A few things to note here:
The above code must be run asynchronously. I recommend RxJava, but an AsyncTask will work.
You must supply a email for the account you want to use. I'll leave the details up to you but this is fairly easy using AccountManager.
After you have an auth token, you can now access any Google Play Store endpoint. The main one used by Purchased Apps is https://android.clients.google.com/fdfe/purchaseHistory. Another one you might be interested in is https://android.clients.google.com/fdfe/details?doc=(package name) (from APKfetch code). Here's a page with some more and some analysis. If you make a request to these APIs, you'll need to supply several headers:
Authorization - "GoogleLogin auth=(your auth token)"
User-Agent - "Android-Finsky/6.4.12.C-all%20%5B0%5D%202744941 (api=3,versionCode=80641200,sdk=" + VERSION.SDK_INT + ",isWideScreen=0)";
X-DFE-Device-Id - your device's Google Services Framework ID, obtained from AdvertisingIdClient.
X-DFE-Client-Id - "am-android-google"
Accept-Language - The device's language code, eg "en".
Now, you need to parse the response. Here's where things get tricky. These APIs returns a message encoded as a Protobuf, so it's essentially just binary data unless you have a schema (which of course, only Google has). One way to go about this in theory is to decompile the Google Play Store app and reuse their generated protobuf models with a tool like JADX.
Unfortunately, I've tried this and it doesn't really work. Protobuf model classes are just too complex for a standard decompiler. What you can use is a tool called PBTK. You'll ideally want to run this on the Google Play Store 6.1.12 APK, since that's the last version before they started using ProGuard. Do note that this program has two errors in its script that need to be fixed before running it: changing 'extracto' to 'extractor' in gui.py and removing the assertion statement on line 500 of jar_extract.py.
Now, that should output all of the response classes as .proto files. Create a folder under src/main called proto and drag the entire generated 'com' directory to it. You can delete everything that's not under com/google/android/finsky/protos. Follow instructions online to setup Gradle with the Protobuf Lite plugin.
When you want to parse a response, you can use the ResponseWrapper class, since they all appear to be contained under that.
That's about as far as I can take you. There's a good chance I got some part of this wrong; JADX is your best friend here, because the best way to figure out what an app is doing is by looking at its code. Hope this helps and happy developing!
you can get the package name of all installed apps on device and then get the information of every installed package that you find in the device from google play without any need to get to user account. there is some third party or unofficial apis to get google play apps details as json by getting the app package name. for example: https://42matters.com/
then use the received information for every package to find free ones.
i have two resources for you to consider, but first, in a word, no. there is no api from GOOGLE to let you do what you want, as these metrics arent stored in the phone, they are on the google play store servors, and google has no OFFICIAL api for the play store. you can however glean some info from these two sites:
https://www.quora.com/Is-there-an-API-for-the-Google-Play-Storeenter link description here
https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/162146/how-to-see-all-the-apps-i-have-downloaded-from-google-play-store
and this is enough to see how to accomplish this.
first, a list of what apps have been downloaded by an account is only referencable by the account. and this can be done through the play store. since your app will be installed on that users phone, this dosnt matter... you're in.
second, you will need a 3rd party API built for the GOOGLE PLAY STORE, there are some out there, check the first link.
using the api of your choice, you will send a get request, to the play store, and in return you should receive in most cases a json object to deserialize.
deserialize the object, and you will have your list. which list you get will depend on the endpoint you use, but that should be explained by/in the API itself.
good luck!
What we are dealing with
We have this app which we distribute to our clients in an offline fashion (i.e. not uploaded to Play store). The app flavour distributed to each client is almost identical with a bit of tweak here and there. All our clients share this app to their employees for usage. Basically this is an Enterprise App.
What's the problem
Recently one of our client started using a MDM (Mobility Device management) tool which blocks apps which are not downloaded from Google play. As obviously we got a request from our client to see if we can upload this app on Google play or not.
Important thing here is that we have over 100 clients and the package name of the app provided to each client is actually the same. So it's the same app with a bit of tweak here and there. If we go down the road of publishing the app to the play store, we might end up in a mayhem (we don't wanna upload 100 different apps to the play store - i.e. one for each client). We are doing some optimisation from our end so that multiple clients can use the same app (but we can't make all 100+ clients use the same app.).
What am I looking at ?
I started looking at Android For Work (AFW), Google private apps , Managed Google play and still digesting the stuffs. But to me it looked like just a secure way for enterprises to deploy/publish apps which can be downloaded only on specific devices and under a certain profile (which keeps things separate from user's personal apps and data in case they use the same phone for personal and work purpose).
What solution i am looking for ?
To privately deploy an app (host it with Google or privately host
but listed with Google play in both cases) and let my clients share
this app with their employee.
Each private app for each client should be on its own little
private island. I want to distribute the app with the same package
name to all my clients (From what I have read so far, this might not
be possible with Google play. But I am hoping somebody can point out
facts if I am missing something).
This is my solution:
Creating run-time dynamic app that get data and configs from back-end and render its views and data with its own Client Id.
You can create single app and upload to google play, but you should manage your clients by clientId that makes every app acts separated. This clientId is unique and generated per your clients. This solution have two sides. Android side and server side.
1 - Android side: Our app should have a baseUrl like this in Constants:
baseUrl = "http://yourCorporation.com/{clienId}/api/"
And then all the services of All clients use the same url. clientId is the key point. The difference of you client app is clientId. For generating url of api-call you should do something like this:
Constant.ClientId = scannedQRCode;
url = baseUrl.replace("{client_id}",Contant.ClientId) + apiUrl ;
You must create QR code per your clients that should scanned in app first run. It is good to send QR code after registration to his/her (client of your Clients) email. This QR code have clientId. Therefor every clients have their own services and really works as separated islands, even if you want to change server address, you can put all baseUrl in QR code but this is not suggested, because you have to create server per clients and this is headache.
You can even handle config and UI elements of you app with calling a config api that returns a customConfigDto as json like this:
public class CustomConfigDto {
String colorPrimary ;
String colroPrimaryDark ;
String colorAccent ;
int tabCounts;
//and more...
public String getColorPrimary() {
return colorPrimary;
}
public void setColorPrimary(String colorPrimary) {
this.colorPrimary = colorPrimary;
}
public String getColroPrimaryDark() {
return colroPrimaryDark;
}
public void setColroPrimaryDark(String colroPrimaryDark) {
this.colroPrimaryDark = colroPrimaryDark;
}
public String getColorAccent() {
return colorAccent;
}
public void setColorAccent(String colorAccent) {
this.colorAccent = colorAccent;
}
public int getTabCounts() {
return tabCounts;
}
public void setTabCounts(int tabCounts) {
this.tabCounts = tabCounts;
}
}
And render your views by this configurations. All of this works separated per app by their clientId.
I prefer QR code because it is very handy and classy and fit in your case, however you can enter this clientId with many other ways. This is one of best free and simple QR code generating service, and this is one of best QR-code scanner library for android.
2 - Server Side: You have to handle step1 in server-side and it is very easy. You can have entity calls Client that all other entities have it. Because you should keep all of your data in one place but separated by your clients. You can also map APIs like this in Spring:
#RequestMapping(value = "http://yourCorporation.com/{clienId}/api/customers", method = RequestMethod.GET)
Customers getCustomers(#PathVariable("clienId") Long clientId) {
return customerService.findCustomerByClientId(clientId);
}
Based on what you've said, this sounds more like you can solve this with configuration management than sending each client completely separate APKs.
Google has a private channel, but based on the documentation it seems much more oriented towards having a single membership list (i.e. once you're granted access you have access to the entire private channel) rather than highly customized access (i.e. certain people have access to certain items in the channel).
An alternative that I suggest: have all clients download the same APK. Give each of them a client-specific "activation code" for your app. When the app starts for the first time, it calls a web service and passes it its activation code; on the server side, you use the Activation Code to identify the client and then return data on the correct configuration to the client. Then you can distribute the same APK to everyone on your private channel and configure it remotely once it's installed.
A major advantage of this scheme is that you can have multiple configurations for an organization. Just give the client a choice of several activation codes, each of which will give them a certain configuration. For example, if you have an app that's used by both dock workers and janitors (and I'm just throwing out an example here), you could give the dock workers one activation code and janitors a second activation code and you can then easily give them different configurations.
Google Play now allows a developer to publish an app privately to up to 20 Managed Play organizations (or enterprises). To do so (instructions copied from the help center):
Sign in to the Google Play Console.
Go to Pricing & Distribution > User programs > Managed Google Play.
Check the Turn on advanced managed Google Play features box.
Check the Privately target this app to a list of organizations box.
Click Choose Organizations.
For each organization that you want to publish the app to, enter the Organization ID and a description (or name) and click Add. You can enter up to 20 organizations per app.
The good, long solution:
don't use the same package name for different apps. Create a multimodule project, set one module for the core, shared stuff, and add a module for each client where you can tweak what you need and configurate the package name dynamically based on build type. That way you can use the same package name for your CI server and everything else and have another package name when releasing the app.
The short workaround that may work:
Publish the app as a closed google play beta, and send invitations only to this client. That way he can distribute the app to his employees through play store and the other clients won't notice I can't assure it will work not knowing which MDM tool you are facing, but since beta channel apps don't require unknow origins permissions, you should be fine.
If you want the same package name, you'll have to do something like what EJoshuaS suggested: manage the different configurations inside of one app version. You won't be able to have more than one app with the same package deployed on Google Play.
If you're open to having different packages, you could just change the package name in the Android Manifest for each one and release as a different app. You would need to change the package everywhere you import the R file and you would need to make sure that all class references in your Manifest include the entire class path (<activity android:name="[full.package].MainActivity"> rather than <activity android:name=".MainActivity">). This gets pretty confusing and is terrible in terms of configuration management, so it's not really a great solution in general, but it might work for you.
I started looking at Android For Work (AFW), Google private apps , Managed Google play and still digesting the stuffs.
This would probably be a good fit for AFW.
But to me it looked like just a secure way for enterprises to deploy/publish apps which can be downloaded only on specific devices and under a certain profile
That's what an MDM does, yes, but there's more to it. With Android for Work you also have Managed Configurations which let you pass in a configuration for the app. This can be used to change backend urls, etc.
It for sure supports your second requirement, but I know too little to be certain about the first. While you can privately host and rollout an app on Google Play for Work, I don't know about distributing it privately to multiple clients.
The obvious benefit of using this Google API is that you don't have to build anything yourself. Also most MDMs support those Android for Work APIs, so that a domain admin can buy the app in bulk and distribute them to the employees. Have a look at the AppConfig Community which shows MDM Providers that incorporated those APIs and best practices.
Whatever you decide, you should definitely have a good look at Android for Work as what you are describing is exactly what it is intended for. The initial setup is a pain and there is way too little information about how it all works and plays together, but spending a few days trying to figure it out might be better than just building your own managed solution which you then will have to maintain too.
While trying to carry out an encryption and decryption process on an Android environment, i have the below log.
com.s.sdk.security.SMException: Error loading Local Master Keys, file:
"/cfg/lmktest.lmk" does not exist. Please specify a valid LMK file, or
rebuild a new one. 09-21 11:56:31.792 16182-16182/com.mpos.sdk
W/System.err: at
com.s.sdk.security.jceadapter.JCESecurityModule.init(JCESecurityModule.java:1785)
09-21 11:56:31.792 16182-16182/com.mpos.sdk W/System.err: at
com.s.sdk.security.jceadapter.JCESecurityModule.(JCESecurityModule.java:159)
The reason why I will want to make use of JPOS is simply because I will want to carry out a financial transaction, which will be used in packaging my message.
For the encryption and decryption of data, I am to make use of this JCESecurityModule which works well on other platform, but not on the android OS.
NOTE: The file location in my android studio is app/cfg/test.lmk
I was able to get this file from the JPOS-master on github found in the jPOS-master\jPOS-master\jpos\src\test\resources\org\jpos\security
i.e the lmk-test
which was been used this way
JCESecurityModule sm = new JCESecurityModule("app/cfg/test.lmk");
I have also tried rebuilidng the lmk file, using the below method
public JCESecurityModule (String lmkFile) throws SMException
{
init(null, lmkFile, true);
}
which can be found in the JCESecurityModule class (JPOS)
was still having same issue in loading the lmk file
Thanks
For the sake of completeness, this was also asked on the jPOS's Google Group, and discussed there. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/jpos-users/X3r_PX7lgd4
The encryption was done by a device which is to be connected to a mobile phone to carrying out transactions, but the device makers actually did it this way to provide end to end encryption which you are circumventing. You don't need jpos in the device. You need it at your centrally deployed servers, where you would use real HSMs.
by Victor Salaman
in JPOS users google group https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/jpos-users/X3r_PX7lgd4
but you can still carry out the encryption and decryption using some other Module instead of the JCESecurityModule (if the problem still persist). e.g. using the SunJCE
I'm new to Android development. I'm working on an app for use at work - I'm an EMT. I was hoping to use the state's registry as a means of authenticating the user as an active provider. https://ems.health.state.pa.us/emsreg/activepractitioners.aspx
I know nothing of asp, except that I should be able to pass some input through the URL with ?name=value. But when I inspect the element of the last name field...
input name="_ctl0:_ctl0:SessionLinkBar:Content:tbxLName" type="text"
id="_ctl0__ctl0_SessionLinkBar_Content_tbxLName"
I can't use this. Honestly not even sure what I'm looking at here. Is ":" a container?
Ultimately I'd like to take the user input on 2 edit texts (last name & certification #), click a button to POST them to the activepractitioners.aspx, and either get the whole response and pare down for what I need (Status Active, which I've yet to find labeled on the site) or verify the response then query its label.
I've tried a few of the methods here and I keep crashing the emulator. Also I'd rather not see all the strikethroughs in Android Studio from deprecated methods. I welcome all help, but please remember I'm a n00b - take it slow for me. Thanks!
UPDATE:
I've gotten some results using JSoup. I get to a landing page that should contain just one result (the certification # is unique) and a link. The format of the link is as follows:
<a id="_ctl0__ctl0_SessionLinkBar_Content_dgSearchResults__ctl2_lnk" href="javascript:__doPostBack('_ctl0$_ctl0$SessionLinkBar$Content$dgSearchResults$_ctl2$lnk','')">
It uses javascript to invoke "doPostBack." Any idea on how to automate this too? As it is I can parse the response to a document and scrape the table for the word "active." But I'd like a bit of fool-proofing. Thanks in advance!
Since you are new to Android dev, I suggest you to spend some time having a look to Google Android Volley APIs.
It allows you to easily set up GET and POST requests (and works great).