Develop Reference

Manifest merger failed with multiple errors, see logs in Android Studioo

So, I am a beginner into Android and Kotlin. I just began learning. While I was experimenting with Intent today, I incurred an error.
Manifest merger failed with multiple errors, see logs
I found some solutions here and tried to implement them, but it did not work.
This is my build.gradle :
`
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
android {
compileSdkVersion 33
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.chattery"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 33
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
//noinspection GradleDependency
implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.5.1'
implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.9.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:21.1.0'
implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:20.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-storage:20.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:23.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth-ktx:21.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database-ktx:20.1.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.4.0'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.7.0'
implementation 'com.mikhaellopez:circularimageview:4.2.0'
implementation 'com.theartofdev.edmodo:android-image-cropper:2.8.+'
implementation 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.71828'
implementation 'com.firebaseui:firebase-ui-database:4.3.0'
implementation 'id.zelory:compressor:3.0.0'
implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.4'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.7.5'
}
`
This is my AndroidManifest :
`
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.chattery">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:name=".commons.ChatteryApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="#mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".ui.activities.ChatActivity"
android:theme="#style/ActivityActionBarTheme"
android:parentActivityName=".ui.activities.MainActivity"/>
<activity
android:name=".ui.activities.SettingsActivity"
android:parentActivityName=".ui.activities.MainActivity" />
<activity android:name=".ui.activities.MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".ui.activities.WelcomeActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/LoginTheme" />
<activity
android:name=".ui.activities.SignUpActivity"
android:parentActivityName=".ui.activities.WelcomeActivity"
android:theme="#style/ActivityActionBarTheme" />
<activity
android:name=".ui.activities.LoginActivity"
android:parentActivityName=".ui.activities.WelcomeActivity"
android:theme="#style/ActivityActionBarTheme" />
<activity
android:name=".ui.activities.UsersActivity"
android:parentActivityName=".ui.activities.SettingsActivity"
android:theme="#style/ActivityActionBarTheme" />
<activity android:name=".ui.activities.ProfileActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.chattery.NOTIFICATION_TARGET" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.theartofdev.edmodo.cropper.CropImageActivity"
android:theme="#style/Base.Theme.AppCompat" />
<service
android:name=".firebase.MessagingService"
android:exported="false">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
</application>
</manifest>
`
This is my Merging Errors :
Merging Errors:
Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for element <activity#com.example.chattery.ui.activities.MainActivity>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for `android:exported` when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Chattery.app main manifest (this file), line 23 Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for element <activity#com.example.chattery.ui.activities.ProfileActivity>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for `android:exported` when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Chattery.app main manifest (this file), line 46
This is my first week with coding, I am sorry if this is a really silly thing. I am really new to this and did not find any other place to ask. Sorry if I broke any rules

Error Message
As the error message suggests you might want to add android:exported to your activity definition. It also informs you about the fact, that this is only the case for targetSdk >= 31. So another solution would be to lower you targetSdk. But that would come with some feature tradeoffs. I wouldn't recommend that.
Solution 1 (Recommended)
According to this statement here. Google suggests not setting this property unnecessarily to true
So the simplest solution would be to change this in your AndroidManifest.xml:
<activity android:name=".ui.activities.MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
To this:
<activity android:name=".ui.activities.MainActivity" android:exported="false">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
Notice the added android:exported attribute.
Solution 2 (Not Recommended)
In your module level gradle.build you have somewhere at the top the property targetSdk. Change the value to something lower than 31 eg. 30 which corresponds to Android 11. Mind that you need to download the required target sdk via the sdk manager. Otherwise you won't be able to compile your app anymore

Default activity not found, even though it is declared in Manifest

I have not found the solution to this online. All of my activities are declared, however often Android Studio will tell me it does not find them. It doesn't always occur, and it seems to happen quite randomly. I've cleaned, invalidated and restarted, rebuild, sometimes this will get fixed then start happening again after some time. I'm working in a team on the project, and I seem to be the only one with the bug:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest package="fall2018.csc2017.GameCentre"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="#mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
<activity android:name=".LoginActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".SlidingTiles.SlidingGameActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Score.MenuScoreboardsActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Score.UserScoreboardActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Score.ScoreScreenActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Score.GameScoreboardActivity" />
<activity android:name=".GameLauncherActivity" />
<activity android:name=".RegisterActivity" />
<activity android:name=".SlidingTiles.SlidingTilesStartingActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Simon.SimonGameActivity" />
<activity android:name=".Simon.SimonStartingActivity" />
<activity android:name=".ChooseDimensionActivity"></activity>
</application>
This is my gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 27
defaultConfig {
applicationId "fall2018.csc2017.GameCentre"
minSdkVersion 27
targetSdkVersion 27
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
testOptions {
unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:support-v4:27.1.1'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
}

It is hard to tell what is the exact issue based on the only information you provided. But, few things you can try to find the issue:
Try running your app on a different physical device or emulator. If
it fixes it, that means that was a device issue.
Set breakpoints on all of your onCreate methods activities, as well as the previous code snippet where the activity will be launching the following activity, for example:
Intent intent = new Intent(context, className);
intent.setFlags(intFlag);
context.startActivity(intent);
And try to debug to see if the activity is being created or being launched. This could be a good start to narrow down the problem. Good luck!
FYI, switch this line :
<activity android:name=".ChooseDimensionActivity"></activity>
to this:
<activity android:name=".ChooseDimensionActivity"/>

App doesn't show up in Laucher List and can't be opened

I made an app, that worked just fine until yesterday.
Somehow I broke it that it doesn't show up in the Launcher's App list. I only can uninstall through the Apps tab in the Settings.
As I have already made a Beta on Play Store I tried to open it there, but there only shows up the "Uninstall" button.
I think it has to do something with the Manifest or build.gradle.
So here they are:
Manifest:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="at.mrminemeet.reviewcheck">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="#mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="text/*"/>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".Information"></activity>
</application>
</manifest>
And here the build.gradle (Module: App):
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
lintOptions {
checkReleaseBuilds false
// Or, if you prefer, you can continue to check for errors in release builds,
// but continue the build even when errors are found:
abortOnError false
}
signingConfigs {
}
compileSdkVersion 27
defaultConfig {
applicationId "at.mrminemeet.reviewcheck"
minSdkVersion 21
targetSdkVersion 27
versionCode 1
versionName '0.1'
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
productFlavors {
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:gridlayout-v7:27.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.0'
implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:12.0.0'
}
If you need other files just comment on them.

If you want to use multiple category then you need to create another intent-filter
like this
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="text/*"/>
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
Link to document
https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-filters.html#ExampleFilters

app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug, com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException:

First of all I know there are many similar question, but my case is different. Please read the full question first!
This is the full error...
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithJarMergingForDebug'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.util.zip.ZipException: duplicate entry: com/google/firebase/appindexing/Action$Builder$StatusType.class
Whenever I am trying to run in my emulator this error is showing.
Also if I try to generate .apk file (in debug or released mode), the same error is showing.
Now the magic...
If I run in my mobile phone in debug mode, it is totally ok. No errors are showing, it is running fine.
This is my manifest file...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.brandtechnosolutions.petbaazar">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
android:name=".MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#drawable/iconpetbazar"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light">
<meta-data
android:name="com.facebook.sdk.ApplicationId"
android:value="#string/facebook_app_id" />
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!--
ATTENTION: This was auto-generated to add Google Play services to your project for
App Indexing. See https://g.co/AppIndexing/AndroidStudio for more information.
-->
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
android:value="#integer/google_play_services_version" />
<activity
android:name=".LoginActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_login"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar" />
<activity android:name=".WebActivity" />
<activity
android:name="com.facebook.FacebookActivity"
android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|screenLayout|screenSize|orientation"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="portrait" />
<activity
android:name="com.facebook.CustomTabActivity"
android:exported="true"
android:screenOrientation="portrait">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<data android:scheme="#string/fb_login_protocol_scheme" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".BuyerSellerActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar" />
<activity
android:name=".OptionActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_option"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar" />
<activity
android:name=".TakeAdInfoActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"/>
</application>
</manifest>
My build.gradle...
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 25
buildToolsVersion "25.0.0"
dexOptions {
javaMaxHeapSize "1g"
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.brandtechnosolutions.petbaazar"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 25
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
multiDexEnabled true
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
})
// apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:25.1.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:10.0.1'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appindexing:9.8.0'
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:[4,5)'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:25.1.0'
compile 'org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped:org.jbundle.util.osgi.wrapped.org.apache.http.client:4.1.2'
compile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}
Using sdk platforms...
Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Marshmallow
Using emulator with Jelly Bean.
Anybody has any idea how to solve it, please help!

You should use the same level of libraries:
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:10.0.1'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-appindexing:10.0.1'
Also add at the buttom of the file:
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
EDIT:
To use the plugin you have to add the dependency in the buildscript block (in your top-level file or module file):
dependencies {
classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.0.0'
// ...
}

Why is my Android App unsupported for ALL devices on google play?

I published an Android app on the google play store but it says that it is incompatible with ALL devices:
Why is this? Just before this, I published another app and it really wasn't that much different from this one but it is compatible with almost all devices.
This is my manifest:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.xxx.yy" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
android:name=".MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/app"
android:launchMode="singleTask">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!-- register our ContentProvider -->
<provider
android:name=".data.app"
android:authorities="#string/content_authority"
android:exported="false"
android:syncable="true" />
<activity
android:name=".DetailActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_detail"
android:parentActivityName=".FavoritesActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.xxx.yyy.MainActivity" />
>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".FavoritesActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_favorites"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.xxx.yyy.MainActivity" />
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
And this is my gradle.build file:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 22
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.xxx.yy"
minSdkVersion 10
targetSdkVersion 22
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.0'
compile 'org.json:json:20150729'
compile 'org.apache.directory.studio:org.apache.commons.codec:1.8'
compile 'com.nostra13.universalimageloader:universal-image-loader:1.9.4'
compile 'com.android.support:design:22.2.0'
}
I'm really lost here because I only have one permission, INTERNET..

I found out the culprit!
It was this line in my gradle file:
compile 'org.apache.directory.studio:org.apache.commons.codec:1.8'
This weird: Native platforms thing was showing up before all because of that gradle dependency!
Which does not make sense for me... I guess I have to find another dependency or something. Could someone explain to me why a dependency like that would cause this to happen?
I removed that line and upon reuploading my APK I now see this:

You appear to have an extra > in your manifest --
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.xxx.yyy.MainActivity" />
> <==== DELETE THIS
</activity>
<activity
Not sure why your even able to make a build with that, but I tested a similar scenario and it made an APK for me. I would guess when you upload the .apk that is messing with google play's parsing for device compatibility.