I'm trying to save a file as PNG of a canvas where the user can draw something and then call an Intent.ACTION_SEND so that the user can share it's drawing with other apps.
The code is able to save the file without any problems, but when I try to use the MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(), the Uri returned by the function is null. I'm using the absolute path of the file created, so I can't understand why this is happening.
My class, called BitmapAsyncTask inherits from AsyncTask (yes, I know it's deprecated). Here's the important code:
Writing the file to memory:
override fun doInBackground(vararg p0: Any?): String {
var result = ""
try {
val bytes = ByteArrayOutputStream()
mBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 95, bytes)
val file = File(externalCacheDir!!.absoluteFile.toString()
+ File.separator + "KidsDrawingApp_"
+ System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 + ".png")
val fileOutput = FileOutputStream(file)
fileOutput.write(bytes.toByteArray())
fileOutput.close()
result = file.absolutePath
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
Log.d("File", result)
return result
}
** The mBitmap variable is just the Bitmap generated from the canvas.
Here, the Log.d returns, for instance:
D/File: /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.example.kidsdrawingapp/cache/KidsDrawingApp_1599992654.png
I can access the file just fine if I open the Files app and search for it.
But when I run the MediaScannerConnection on onPostExecute(), the function doesn't return an uri based on the absolute path at all. Here's the code:
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(this#MainActivity, arrayOf(result), null) {
path, uri -> val shareIntent = Intent()
Log.d("Path", path)
Log.d("Uri", uri.toString())
shareIntent.action = Intent.ACTION_SEND
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri)
shareIntent.type = "image/png"
startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(
shareIntent, "Share image"
)
)
}
Once again, the Log.d("Path", path) returns the same file as the previous Log.d(), but when I try to convert the Uri to string, it crashes because it's null.
I tried adding "file://" + file.absolutePath" like I saw in some other answers but it still didn't work, the uri returned by the scanFile() was still null.
I'm using API 21.
File Provider Code
AndroidManifest.xml
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.example.kidsdrawingapp.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true" >
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="#xml/path" />
</provider>
#xml/path.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path name="captured" path="Android/data/com.example.kidsdrawingapp/files" />
</paths>
I can't seem to figure out why it can't return a valid uri if the file is being saved in the phone and the path is a valid one
It is valid. However, it is not indexable by MediaStore on Android 10 and higher. MediaStore will no longer index files in app-specific external storage, such as getExternalFilesDir(), which is what you are using.
If your objective is to have the image be usable by every app on the device, then getting indexed by MediaStore is fine. On Android 10+, you can insert() into the MediaStore and use the resulting Uri for writing out your content. See this sample app for a demonstration, though in my case I am writing out a video, not a PNG.
If, instead, all you want to do is share this content, then do not use MediaScannerConnection. Instead, use FileProvider. See the documentation and this sample app (though in my case I am sharing a PDF, not a PNG).
... in case the above solution was not fully clear to everyone - here's how I applied the suggested fix to the reported file sharing issue within the tutorial exercise "Kids Drawing App" (from "The Complete Android 10 & Kotlin Development Masterclass" at Udemy):
// offer to share content
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(
this#MainActivity,
arrayOf(result),
null
) { path, _ ->
// Use the FileProvider to get a content URI
val requestFile = File(path)
val fileUri: Uri? = try {
FileProvider.getUriForFile(
this#MainActivity,
AUTHORITY,
requestFile)
} catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
Log.e("File Selector",
"The selected file can't be shared: $requestFile")
null
}
val shareIntent = Intent()
shareIntent.action = Intent.ACTION_SEND
shareIntent.type = "image/png"
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, fileUri)
startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(
shareIntent, "Share"
)
)
}
... where I added the following AUTHORITY definition:
// static variables
companion object {
private const val STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE = 1
private const val GALLERY = 2
private const val AUTHORITY = "${BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID}.fileprovider"
}
My App use the file paths of images provided by Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() to create albums of photos, but with Android 11 I won't be able to access directly files.
According to the Android developers documentation they recently introduced the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, but I didn't understand if adding this permission I'm able to continue to access file by Environment or not.
I tried my application on an Android 11 Virtual device and it seems to work perfectly even without requesting the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission!
Reading the documentation on Android Developers, it seems that the applications that uses the File API for accessing Photos and Medias only locations can continue to work, but I'am not sure.
Is there anyone who better understood the Android Documentation???
Android 11
If you are targeting Android 11 (targetSdkVersion 30) then you require the following permissions in AndroidManifest.xml for modifying and document access.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="28" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
For Android 10 you place the following line in your AndroidManifest.xml tag
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
the method below checks if the permission is allowed or denied
private boolean checkPermission() {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
return Environment.isExternalStorageManager();
} else {
int result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this, READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
int result1 = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
return result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && result1 == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
}
The below method can be used for requesting a permission in android 11 or below
private void requestPermission() {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
intent.setData(Uri.parse(String.format("package:%s",getApplicationContext().getPackageName())));
startActivityForResult(intent, 2296);
} catch (Exception e) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
startActivityForResult(intent, 2296);
}
} else {
//below android 11
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, new String[]{WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
}
}
Handling permission callback for Android 11 or above versions
#Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, #Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 2296) {
if (SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
// perform action when allow permission success
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Allow permission for storage access!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
Handling permission callback for OS versions below Android 11
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
boolean READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
boolean WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
if (READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE && WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) {
// perform action when allow permission success
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Allow permission for storage access!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
break;
}
}
NOTE: MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE is a special permission only allowed for few apps like Antivirus, file manager, etc. You have to justify the reason while publishing the app to PlayStore.
Android 11 doesn't allow to access directly files from storage you must have to select file from storage and copy that file into your app package chache com.android.myapp.
Below is the method to copy file from storage to app package cache
private String copyFileToInternalStorage(Uri uri, String newDirName) {
Uri returnUri = uri;
Cursor returnCursor = mContext.getContentResolver().query(returnUri, new String[]{
OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, OpenableColumns.SIZE
}, null, null, null);
/*
* Get the column indexes of the data in the Cursor,
* * move to the first row in the Cursor, get the data,
* * and display it.
* */
int nameIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
int sizeIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.SIZE);
returnCursor.moveToFirst();
String name = (returnCursor.getString(nameIndex));
String size = (Long.toString(returnCursor.getLong(sizeIndex)));
File output;
if (!newDirName.equals("")) {
File dir = new File(mContext.getFilesDir() + "/" + newDirName);
if (!dir.exists()) {
dir.mkdir();
}
output = new File(mContext.getFilesDir() + "/" + newDirName + "/" + name);
} else {
output = new File(mContext.getFilesDir() + "/" + name);
}
try {
InputStream inputStream = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(output);
int read = 0;
int bufferSize = 1024;
final byte[] buffers = new byte[bufferSize];
while ((read = inputStream.read(buffers)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read);
}
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("Exception", e.getMessage());
}
return output.getPath();
}
Review Android 11 Scoped Storage Updates here
Quick Solution is here :
For Quick Solution if you put your android target and compile sdk version is 29 then your app will run on android 11 with the same implementation as u did on android ten here
In mainfest file
When you updating your android Device from api 10(29) to android 11(30) Api , its not working to retrieve data from your device storage or mobile directory i have checked today on play store thousand of the apps having millions download live on play store they are not working on android 11 , because android 11 introduced new scoped storages update where you have to implement new methods to get media file using MediaStore Object,
some useful information that i wants to share with you after reading the android documentation are listed here:
in android 11 , you can access the cache only for their own specific apps.
apps cannot create their own app-specific directory on external storage. To access the directory that the system provides for your app, call getExternalFilesDirs()
If your app targets Android 11, it cannot access the files in any other app's data directory, even if the other app targets Android 8.1 (API level 27) or lower and has made the files in its data directory world-readable
On Android 11, apps can no longer access files in any other app's dedicated, app-specific directory within external storage.
Apps that run on Android 11 but target Android 10 (API level 29) can still request the requestLegacyExternalStorage attribute. This flag allows apps to temporarily opt out of the changes associated with scoped storage, such as granting access to different directories and different types of media files. After you update your app to target Android 11, the system ignores the requestLegacyExternalStorage flag.
before this on android 10 we were using
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
tools:targetApi="q"
in manifest under application attribute now this method is not working in android 11.
so migrate to the new updates now thanks
Review Here Scoped Storage Updates
follow the tutorial guidelines here
Follow the Scoped Storage tutorial at GitHub
According to the Android developers documentation they recently introduced the MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, but I didn't understand if adding this permission I'm able to continue to access file by Environment or not.
Yes, you will. However, bear in mind that if you intend to distribute your app on the Play Store (and perhaps elsewhere), you will need to justify the reason for requesting that permission. So, unless you have a very good reason to use MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, please use something else.
I found this way for Android 11 (SDK R - 30):
1- In Manifest must add this permission: (just for R)
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
2- Request the OS dialogue to ask for permission:
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
3- Check your app can access to the storage :
if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager())
4- Use Intent to open the "All Files Access " for your app
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", this.getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
startActivity(intent);
Note: This answer does not require MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission
In android 10 and above MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE we can't use it for play store applications unless it is file manager or antivirus that makes it pretty useless.
so to access photos from storage without MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE below answer would be useful
In Manifest
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="28" />
To access media files
// Need the READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission if accessing video files that your
// app didn't create.
// Container for information about each video.
data class Image(val uri: Uri,
val name: String,
val duration: Int,
val size: Int
)
val imgList = mutableListOf<Image>()
val collection =
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
MediaStore.Images.Media.getContentUri(
MediaStore.VOLUME_EXTERNAL
)
} else {
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
}
val projection = arrayOf(
MediaStore.Images.Media._ID,
MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,
MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE
)
// Display videos in alphabetical order based on their display name.
val sortOrder = "${MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME} ASC"
val query = ContentResolver.query(
collection,
projection,
null,
null,
sortOrder
)
query?.use { cursor ->
// Cache column indices.
val idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
val nameColumn =
cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME)
val sizeColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE)
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
val id = cursor.getLong(idColumn)
val name = cursor.getString(nameColumn)
val size = cursor.getInt(sizeColumn)
val contentUri: Uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
id
)
// Stores column values and the contentUri in a local object
// that represents the media file.
imgList += Image(contentUri, name, size)
}
}
To create a file
// Request code
const val CREATE_FILE = 1
private fun createFile(pickerInitialUri: Uri) {
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT).apply {
addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
type = "Type of file"
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TITLE, "Name of File")
// Optionally, specify a URI for the directory that should be opened in
// the system file picker before your app creates the document.
putExtra(DocumentsContract.EXTRA_INITIAL_URI, pickerInitialUri)
}
startActivityForResult(intent, CREATE_FILE)
}
In Android 11 This is my fully functioning Code to get a Camera up and running:
`
<!--Still need to request legacy storage for devices running on API 29 and below otherwise they won't work -->
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.yourpackage">
<!-- For Various Types -->
<queries>
<intent>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND" />
<data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/email" />
</intent>
<intent>
<action android:name="android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE" />
</intent>
<intent>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.CALL" />
</intent>
</queries>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!-- ... Rest of manifest -->
<application
...
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
...
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="${applicationId}.provider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="#xml/file_paths">
</meta-data>
</provider>
</application>
</manifest
`
The file_path.xml document goes in the res/xml folder and contains the following for pictures:
`
<external-files-path
name="internal_images"
path="files/Pictures" />
<external-files-path
name="internal_images_alternate"
path="Pictures" />
</paths>
`
Then when actually checking for storage options I implemented the following piece of code:
`
private boolean hasManageExternalStoragePermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
return true;
} else {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageLegacy()) {
return true;
}
try {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:com.example.yourpackage"));
startActivityForResult(intent, RESULT_CODE); //result code is just an int
return false;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
if (Environment.isExternalStorageLegacy()) {
return true;
} else {
try {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:com.example.yourpackage"));
startActivityForResult(intent, RESULT_CODE); //result code is just an int
return false;
} catch (Exception e) {
return true; //if anything needs adjusting it would be this
}
}
}
return true; // assumed storage permissions granted
}
`
Next for the permission request:
`
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); //permission request code is just an int
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); //permisison request code is just an int
}
`
Then (and I know this is out of scope for the original question) you have the prospect of using the camera intent which goes like this now:
`
public static Intent getCameraIntentWithUpdatedPackages(Context context){
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = new ArrayList<>();
final Intent capturePhoto = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
resolveInfo = pm.queryIntentActivities(capturePhoto, 0);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R){
// For Android 11 we need to add specific camera apps
// due them are not added during ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE scanning...
resolveInfo.addAll(getCameraSpecificAppsInfo(context));
}
return capturePhoto;
}
private static List<ResolveInfo> getCameraSpecificAppsInfo(Context context){
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfo = new ArrayList<>();
if (context == null){
return resolveInfo;
}
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
for (String packageName : CAMERA_SPECIFIC_APPS) {
resolveInfo.addAll(getCameraSpecificAppInfo(packageName, pm));
}
return resolveInfo;
}
private static List<ResolveInfo> getCameraSpecificAppInfo(String packageName, PackageManager pm){
Intent specificCameraApp = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
specificCameraApp.setPackage(packageName);
return pm.queryIntentActivities(specificCameraApp, 0);
}
public static File dispatchTakePictureIntent(Context context, String photoNameSuffix) {
Intent takePictureIntent = getCameraIntentWithUpdatedPackages(context);
// Ensure that there's a camera activity to handle the intent
if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(context.getPackageManager()) != null) {
// Create the File where the photo should go
File photoFile = null;
try {
photoFile = createImageFile(activity, photoNameSuffix);
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
// Continue only if the File was successfully created
if (photoFile != null) {
Uri photoURI = Uri.fromFile(photoFile);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoURI);
} else {
File file = new File(photoURI.getPath());
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
file.mkdir();
try {
file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Uri photoUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context.getApplicationContext(), context.getApplicationContext().getPackageName() + ".provider", file);
activity.grantUriPermission(photoURI.getAuthority(), photoUri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri);
}
//disable strict mode policies
StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder builder = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder();
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(builder.build());
context.startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
}
return photoFile;
}
return null;
}
static final String[] CAMERA_SPECIFIC_APPS = new String[]{
"best.camera",
"net.sourceforge.opencamera",
"com.google.android.GoogleCamera",
"tools.photo.hd.camera",
};
`
And just like that we have a picture we can rename into our own directory assuming the package name is granted all files access!
MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE is strict permission and should be used for valid purposes only, e.g. file manager and anti-virus apps. See the usage.
I would offer something simpler with this library. You can access the scoped storage without the full disk permission (MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE). This code will ask the user to grant the access:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
private val storageHelper = SimpleStorageHelper(this)
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
setupSimpleStorage(savedInstanceState)
setupButtonActions()
}
private fun setupButtonActions() {
btnRequestStorageAccess.setOnClickListener {
storageHelper.requestStorageAccess()
}
btnSelectFolder.setOnClickListener {
storageHelper.openFolderPicker()
}
btnSelectFile.setOnClickListener {
storageHelper.openFilePicker()
}
}
private fun setupSimpleStorage(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
savedInstanceState?.let { storageHelper.onRestoreInstanceState(it) }
storageHelper.onStorageAccessGranted = { requestCode, root ->
Toast.makeText(this, "Yay, granted!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
storageHelper.onFileSelected = { requestCode, file ->
Toast.makeText(this, file.fullName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
storageHelper.onFolderSelected = { requestCode, folder ->
Toast.makeText(this, folder.getAbsolutePath(this), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
}
}
Since direct file paths (java.io.File) are no longer reliable, thus you need DocumentFile which manages files via URI. The library also provides rich extension functions, i.e.:
DocumentFile.getProperties()
DocumentFile.search()
DocumentFile.deleteRecursively()
DocumentFile.openOutputStream()
DocumentFile.copyFileTo()
List<DocumentFile>.moveTo(), etc.
If you want to write and read files from the device. You can basically use Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS)(it doesn't have to be DIRECTORY DOCUMENTS) instead of Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), you don't need to ask for MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission. It is working normally on Android 11 in this way.
I have solved the issue -
Do -
Save in the external directory as this will help to read in SDK version 30 or above.
Add '//' + directory path & your problem will be resolved So it means that your path will be '//'+ getExternalStorageDirectory())!.path
Add read and write permission -
In Manifest
to access media files
Don't use this as your app will not be accepted in the play store.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
This is the code to save and retrieve the file & it works on both SDK > 30 and SDK =< 30.
final directory = (await getExternalStorageDirectory())!.path;
ByteData? byteData =
await (image.toByteData(format: ui.ImageByteFormat.png));
Uint8List pngBytes = byteData!.buffer.asUint8List();
File imgFile = new File('$directory/screenshot${rng.nextInt(2000)}.png');
await imgFile.writeAsBytes(pngBytes);
setState(() {
_imageFile = imgFile;
});
// Add '//' + directory path & your problem will be resolved
return '//'+imgFile.path;
Now share the file - takeScreenshot().then((value) => Share.shareFiles(['$value'],
text:
'Hello'),
);
I also looked for a solution for several hours and tested some approaches. In my app, users can send emails with an pdf document as attachment and suddenly since android 11 the attachment was empty due to the permission changes of android. For getting the file I use a FileProvider.
The suggested methods I found here but also in other threads didn't work, until I tested around for my own and casually did the same as Monu meena and added this in my android manifest file:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
This is the only working solution in my case.I didn't remove read or write permissions and I also didn't set target sdk to 29 or lower, my target sdk is still 30 and it is also working for devices with API lower than 30. I have tested successfully on several devices with different API version in android studio emulator.
So give it a try, sometimes the simplest solutions are the best.
In File Location (wherever you are using it)
use
mContext.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
instead of
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
And in permissions
use (see comment out of permission)
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
// return Environment.isExternalStorageManager();
return true;
}
In my case just need was create an .csv file then send to server i had follow this document.
This document.
File folder = new File(getBaseContext().getFilesDir(), "/test/CSV");
filepath = folder.toString() + "/" + id + ".csv";
private fun loadFilesFromSharedStorage() {
try {
val projection = arrayOf(
MediaStore.MediaColumns._ID,
MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME
)
val selection = when (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
true -> "${MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH} LIKE ?"
else -> MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA + " like ? "
}
val selectionArgs = arrayOf("%test%")
val uriExternal = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external")
contentResolver.query(
uriExternal,
projection,
selection,
selectionArgs,
null
)?.use {
val idColumn = it.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns._ID)
while (it.moveToNext()) {
try {
val contentUri: Uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
uriExternal,
it.getLong(idColumn)
) /*Use this URI for next*/
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
Use block to fetch files Shared Storage in Android11 and use it
Ins simple way only we need to enable below permission
$<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
then we can use our old codes to perform any action
I need help with this problem since I'm new to Android.
My app support JellyBean (16) up to Oreo (26).
I have an UploadService that requires openInputStream() to upload data because the new behavior in Nougat.
This code works fine in Marshmallow and below, but always give me SecurityException crash on Nougat. And it crashes on the line where openInputStream() is called with error:
java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: reading com.miui.gallery.provider.GalleryOpenProvider uri content://com.miui.gallery.open/raw/%2Fstorage%2Femulated%2F0%2FDCIM%2FCamera%2FIMG_20171008_182834.jpg from pid=30846, uid=10195 requires the provider be exported, or grantUriPermission()
The file uri could be from various app (gallery, camera, etc). I've narrowed down the problem to uri that comes from ACTION_GET_CONTENT intent (anything that comes from camera intent or MediaRecorder works fine).
I think it's because the uri lost its permission when passed into the service, but adding Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION and Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION doesn't help.
Also tried adding FLAG_GRANT_PERSISTABLE_URI_PERMISSION flag, but it still crashes and getContentResolver().takePersistableUriPermission() causes another SecurityException crash saying the said uri hasn't been granted persistable uri...
UploadService.java
//.......... code to prepare for upload
if ( contentResolver != null && schemeContentFile ) {
mMime = UtilMedia.getMime(this, uri);
try {
InputStream is = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
byte[] mBytes = getBytes(is);
Bundle fileDetail = UtilMedia.getFileDetailFromUri(this, uri);
Log.d("AndroidRuntime", TAG + " " + mMime + " " + UtilToString.bundleToString(fileDetail) + " imageFile " + mFile);
currTitle = fileDetail.getString(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, "");
MediaType type = MediaType.parse(mMime);
requestFile = RequestBody.create(type, mBytes);
} catch ( IOException e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch ( SecurityException e ) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//............continue to upload
Thank You in advance.
EDIT (Additional Info)
In case this is important. The activity calling the service is calling finish() after it sends all the required data to the service, letting user to use the app, while the upload resumed in the background (with notification to tell user). And also, the upload works based on queue, and user can choose to upload multiple files in the activity. The first file always gets uploaded, but the files after always return with the crash.
I finally managed to fix this. Apparently it is because the permission for the given uri is only valid as long as the receiving activity is active. So, sending the uri to a background service (upload service) will result in SecurityException as expected, unless the uri is a persistable uri (ie. from ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT).
So my solution is to copy the file to a file my app created and use FileProvider.getUriForFile() function to get the uri and send it instead to the background service and delete the copy when my service finished uploading. This works fine even after the calling activity has finished.
The following code is working fine in my device (android 7):
public void pickImage(View view) {
try {
Intent photoPickerIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
photoPickerIntent.setType("image/*");
photoPickerIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_LOCAL_ONLY, true);
startActivityForResult(photoPickerIntent, RC_PICK_IMAGE);
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
onActivityResult:
Uri uri = data.getData();
InputStream in = getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
I'm using FileProvider API for sharing content actually storing in internal storage.
Following is my xml configuration that linked with Provider configured in Manifiest file.
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<cache-path name="xs_audio" path="/audio/records"/>
</paths>
and code that I'm using to share is following:
private final static String FILE_PROVIDER = BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider";
private String testPackageAppHaveAccess = "com.whats";
public static void shareDocument(Activity activity, CallRecordData data) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Record File");
intent.setType("audio/*");
ArrayList<Uri> files = new ArrayList<>();
//for (AudioModelObj image : data.getDocuments()) {
files.add(getImageUri(activity, data.getFile()));
//}
activity.grantUriPermission(testPackageAppHaveAccess, files.get(0), Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
intent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, files);
activity.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Share Audio File."));
}
private static Uri getImageUri(Activity activity, String audioURI) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
return Uri.parse(audioURI);
} else {
URI uri = URI.create(audioURI);
File file = new File(uri);
return FileProvider.getUriForFile(activity, FILE_PROVIDER, file);
}
}
}
but while launching with app it's not attaching anything. In case of gmail it say "can't attach empty file". File is confirmedly available as I'm displaying list of file and playing.
For reference: Uri generating from getImageUri(..) is
/data/user/0/com.xl.cl.debug/cache/audio/records/17-10-17_170728_abc_.wav
Any suggestion what I'm doing wrong ?
<files-path> already points to what on some devices will be /data/user/0/com.xl.cl.debug
<cache-path> is what you should be using, replacing path with just the subdirectory of interest (audio/records), eliminating the /data/user/0/com.xl.cl.debug/cache bit
You are calling grantUriPermission(), where the first parameter is not a package
You are calling grantUriPermission(), where the first parameter is not a package identifying the app to which you are trying to grant permission
You are not adding FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION to the Intent, which is the typical way of saying "the Uri in this Intent should be readable by the recipient of this Intent" (though it is possible that ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE requires more work here, as I haven't played with that much)
No filesystem path in the human history has begun with content:/, so get rid of that
Calling new File() and supplying a value that is not a filesystem path is not going to work well
There may be more problems than those, but that should get you started
Since I had bugs on different devices I decided to changed the whole open camera and save picture code. I have used the exact same code in the Android tutorial.
My code:
private static File createImageFile(Activity activity) throws IOException {
// Create an image file name
String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp + "_";
File storageDir = activity.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
File image = File.createTempFile(
imageFileName, /* prefix */
".jpg", /* suffix */
storageDir /* directory */
);
// Save a file: path for use with ACTION_VIEW intents
photoPath = image.getAbsolutePath();
return image;
}
private static void dispatchTakePictureIntent(Activity activity) {
Intent takePictureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// Ensure that there's a camera activity to handle the intent
if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(activity.getPackageManager()) != null) {
// Create the File where the photo should go
File photoFile = null;
try {
photoFile = MainActivity.createImageFile(activity);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// Error occurred while creating the File
}
// Continue only if the File was successfully created
if (photoFile != null) {
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(activity,
"com.APPPACKAGE.fileprovider",
photoFile);
takePictureIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
activity.startActivityForResult(takePictureIntent, REQUEST_TAKE_PHOTO);
}
}
}
On the manifest file:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="18" />
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.APPPACKAGE.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="#xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
Using this works great on a Android 6 Marshmallow, on Android 4.4 Kitkat it doesn't. On Kitkat my onActivityResult i recieve from the camera result = 0 which is RESULT_CANCELLED.
I've checked if the camera was able to save the photo on the location specified in the file_paths.xml and it didn't. this folder is filled with 0 bytes files.
What can i do to fix it?
Not all camera apps will support content as a scheme for the EXTRA_OUTPUT Uri. Google's own camera app did not support it until the summer of 2016, for example. And, since we are passing the Uri via an extra, we have no means of limiting ourselves to camera apps that support content.
Your main options are:
Reduce your targetSdkVersion below 24 and stick with Uri.fromFile(), rather than using FileProvider
Use StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder().build()); to disable the FileUriExposedException, then stick with Uri.fromFile(), rather than using FileProvider
Scrap your use of ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE entirely, switching to the camera APIs directly or via some helper library (e.g., mine)
Tactically, you might get better results if you use setClipData() to force granting of permissions on your Uri.
Thanks to #CommonsWare i added this code and it works:
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
takePictureIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
ClipData clip=
ClipData.newUri(activity.getContentResolver(), "A photo", imageUri);
takePictureIntent.setClipData(clip);
takePictureIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
else {
List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList=
activity.getPackageManager()
.queryIntentActivities(takePictureIntent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
activity.grantUriPermission(packageName, imageUri,
Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
}
}