Develop Reference

Sharing image to other apps without saving it permanently in device storage in Android 10 and above

I need to share image from my app to another app, I've image bitmap and would need to save it temporarily so as to share it via share intent. For Android 10 and 11, I used below code. But the issue is, it create multiple copies each time I share the image(i.e saves it permanently on device). Is there a way I can save the image temporarily, or maybe in a location which is not visible to the user?
Please ping here, if I couldn't make myself clear.
public Uri saveImageToGallery(Bitmap bitmap){
OutputStream fos;
Uri imageUri=null;
final String timestamp= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
final String imageFileName= "/JPEG_YourContent_"+timestamp+ ".jpg";
try {
ContentResolver resolver=getContentResolver();
ContentValues contentValues=new ContentValues();
contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,imageFileName);
contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpg");
contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES+ File.separator+"YourContent");
imageUri=resolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues);
fos=resolver.openOutputStream(Objects.requireNonNull(imageUri));
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);
Objects.requireNonNull(fos);
}catch (Exception e){
// Log.d("Exception in saving", e.toString());
}
return imageUri;
}

Save bitmap to internal storage and then choose it with picker

I'm trying to save bitmap to gallery to open it again from ImagePicker intent.
The problem is - if I'm saving it on external storage, it will not work on devices without it, and when I'm writing it on internal storage - it won't shown in gallery, so i can not pick that image.
Tried so many ways of resolving it, but no success this far.
I mean, is it possible to save bitmap in internal storage and open it from activity, which called to choose image from gallery?
edit: added code
private String saveToInternalStorage(Bitmap bitmapImage, String filename){
ContextWrapper cw = new ContextWrapper(getApplicationContext());
// path to /data/data/yourapp/app_data/imageDir
File directory = cw.getDir("imageDir", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
// Create imageDir
File mypath=new File(directory,filename + ".jpg");
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
fos = new FileOutputStream(mypath);
// Use the compress method on the BitMap object to write image to the OutputStream
bitmapImage.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return directory.getAbsolutePath();
}
With that procedure it's seems like saving bitmap is ok, but i can't find that file in gallery.

How To Properly Save To The Pictures Folder

I am trying to save a bitmap that is created by the user to the default 'Pictures' folder on the device. I will start with the option that seems to be the more common method:
public void saveImageToExternalStorage(String filename, Bitmap image) {
String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + File.separator;
try {
File directory = new File(path);
if (!directory.exists()) {
directory.mkdirs();
}
File file = new File(directory, filename + ".jpeg");
file.createNewFile();
OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
This is supposed to save to the 'Pictures' folder, but Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() seems to create a new file structure like this file://storage/emulated/11/Pictures/ and save the picture to that. I have also tried Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES) with the same result. But this is not the default 'Pictures' folder on any of my test devices or emulators. Which led me to look for other methods, and I found this:
public void saveImageToExternalStorage(String filename, Bitmap image) {
try {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.TITLE, filename);
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_TAKEN, System.currentTimeMillis());
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg");
Uri filepath = getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
OutputStream outputStream = getContentResolver().openOutputStream(filepath);
image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
This actually saves to the default file structure, which apparently looks like this: content://media/external/images/media/4282. But there seems to be no way to specify the filename of the image (Media.TITLE just sets the title attribute, not the actual filename), it saves as a (seemingly) random string of numbers. I looked at the API Guide for MediaStore.Images.Media and there does not seem to be any other variable that would set the filename. This also does not seem to be the correct way of saving, according to the Android Developer Guides. I would like to know if there is any way of saving to this folder, while also setting my own filename. And if this method could produce unforeseen problems on other devices.
EDIT:
For anyone interested this is my current code, based on the answer by #CommonsWare:
public void saveImageToExternalStorage(Context context, String filename, Bitmap image) throws IOException {
File directory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
File file = new File(directory, filename + ".jpeg");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
mBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.getFD().sync();
outputStream.close();
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, new String[] {file.getAbsolutePath()}, null, null);
}

This is supposed to save to the 'Pictures' folder
getExternalStorageDirectory() returns the root of external storage, not some location inside of it (e.g., Pictures/, DCIM/, Movies/).
I have also tried Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES) with the same result
That will give you the proper directory, or whatever the device thinks the proper directory is (usually named Pictures/ in external storage for whoever the current user is).
but Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() seems to create a new file structure like this file://storage/emulated/11/Pictures/
The 11 is a bit unusual, and getAbsolutePath() does not return something with a file:// scheme, but otherwise that seems about right.
But this is not the default 'Pictures' folder on any of my test devices or emulators.
I do not know how you have determined this.
I would like to know if there is any way of saving to this folder, while also setting my own filename.
Start with your first sample, switching to DIRECTORY_PICTURES. Then:
have outputStream be a FileOutputStream
call outputStream.getFD().sync() after flush() and before close()
use MediaScannerConnection and its scanFile() method to arrange for the MediaStore to index the image, so it is available to on-device galleries, desktop OS file managers, etc.

With Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API >= 23), Google introduced a new permission model.
You have to request permission at run-time:
String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
requestPermissions(permissions, WRITE_REQUEST_CODE);
and handle the result in onRequestPermissionsResult(),
File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
File file = new File(path, "db.JPG");
try {
file.createNewFile();
}
catch (IOException e) {
Toast.makeText(this.getApplicationContext(),
"createNewFile:"+e.toString(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
then
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 19) {
sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_MOUNTED,
Uri.parse("file://" + filename)));
}
else {
sendBroadcast(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE,
Uri.parse("file://" + filename)));
}
to show in the gallery.

Android Wear: how to store image data into watch

I'm looking for how to store image data into my app on Android Wear.
What I want to do are followings:
Take a photo and send it to my watch. (via DataMap)
My watch displays the photo.
When my app on Android Wear restarts, the app displays the photo taken before.
For now, the photo is cleared after restart the app. I want to store the photo.
Are there any ways to save the photo into the watch.
Thanks.
[UPDATE1]
I tried to save an image by using Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
But "NOT EXISTS" is returned.
String imagePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/test.jpg";
try {
FileOutputStream out = openFileOutput(imagePath, Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE);
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, out);
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
File file = new File(bitmapPath);
boolean isExists = file.exists();
if (isExists) {
LOGD(TAG, "EXISTS");
} else {
LOGD(TAG, "NOT EXISTS");
}
[UPDATE2]
I found an error below..
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: File /storage/emulated/0/test.jpg contains a path separator
[UPDATE3]
try {
BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, out);
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
java.io.FileNotFoundException: /image: open failed: EROFS (Read-only file system)
[UPDATE4]
I put it. But not change.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
[UPDATE5 SOLVED]
I found that the path "imagePath" was correct. (Sorry. I didn't notice it)
String imagePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/test.jpg";
try {
BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(imagePath));
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, out);
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

I believe you are having problems because openFileInput() is for internal storage, not external storage. In fact there is no reason for using Environment.getExternalStorage(). I don't believe the watches have external storage anyway.
Try something like openFileOutput("test.jpg", Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE); (fyi MODE_WORLD_READABLE is deprecated).
Then use openFileInput("test.jpg") to get it back.
The reason you are getting an error is openFileOutput() cannot have subdirectories.

How to get an Uri on a file saved in app private storage?

I have to write an image in the private storage of my app. I do that this way:
FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput(FILE_FRONT_PROCESSED_IMAGE_CACHE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
mFrontBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos);
fos.close();
My question is : Is it possible to get / forge an Uri pointing to this file ? (i found many solutions with external storage, but impossible to find out how to achieve this with private app storage)
EDIT (with CommonsWare advices) :
private Uri saveTempImage(Bitmap bitmap, String filename)
{
File cache = new File(getFilesDir(), filename);
try
{
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(cache);
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fos);
fos.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return Uri.fromFile(cache);
}

Is it possible to get / forge an Uri pointing to this file ?
If you use FileProvider, you can get a content:// Uri for a file.