I've never saw this
#RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private fun eraseOldLocations() {
val a: ArrayList<Ub> =myUbs
val minTime: Long = (now- tenDaysago)
val z = misUbs.size
for(i in 0 until z){
if( myUbs[i].time <minTime) {
a.removeAt(i)
}
}
myUbs = a
}
each time the condition is fulfilled, the element in the position i of a is removed ... BUT also from the myUbs !!! myUbs is a public object, so as the loop continues, appears an error because the variable i exceeds the size of myUbs ...
The function eraseOldLocations() must delete elements with date older than ten days ago. Why is this happening?
Do a shallow copy of myUbs, so that references of list will differ and changes won't reflect to each other:
val a: MutableList<Ub> = myUbs.toMutableList()
MutableList is essentially the same, but if you want ArrayList explicitly (althrough not recommended in Kotlin) you can call ArrayList constructor to delegate to the Collection specified. That essentially does the shallow copy as well:
val a: ArrayList<Ub> = ArrayList(myUbs)
Related
So I was hoping to make a list/array of textviews so that I can iterate a loop and set the .text value of the TextViews as I go. Otherwise I would have to set the values in the code statically which would be a whole lot messier and potentially not even feasible for my needs.
So in the code below the idea would be to iterate the loop and when the correct value is confirmed that [index] would then set the corresponding
var refillToken : Double = (0).toDouble()
var tweetStored : BooleanArray = BooleanArray(20)
var tweetActive : BooleanArray = BooleanArray(20)
var userID: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf("")
var textViewToken = 0
while (refillToken > 0) {
var token: Int = 0
while (token < (tweetStored.size)) {
if (tweetStored[token] == true) {
tweetActive[token] = true
textView[textViewToken].text = userID[token]
textViewToken++
refillToken--
token++
if (refillToken < 0) {
break
}
}
}
}
}
I know my loop is probably messy by sane people standards but it makes sense to me and (hopefully) isn't the issue at play. Have found a few articles or ideas searching for the past two hours but they're either 10 years old (and I think deprecated), for java or don't work for whatever reason.
You need to get a value and then add it to the textview and change this value after every action on the page.
Use variable assignment for this task
I'm trying to list the first 100 of a shuffled list. I'm telling it to shuffle if the list is at 0 and then increment. I then am trying to call that list in another section of the when but it's not working. How can I accomplish this?
when (countF) {
0 -> {
//shuffle at 0
val randomChaos = chaosList.asSequence().shuffled().take(chaosList.count()).toList()
cResult.text = randomChaos.elementAt(countF) + countF + "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" + this.cResult.text
countF++
}
1-99 -> {
//show 1-99
cResult.text = randomChaos.elementAt(countF) + countF + "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" + this.cResult.text
countF++
}
100 -> countF = 0
You would need to create the val randomChaos before the when enclosure for it to be available in the scope of multiple branches of the when statement.
That said, the way you're getting a random element is very convoluted. take(chaosList.count()) is completely redundant. And since you don't use multiple sequence operators, creating a sequence is also redundant. Finally, you are only pulling a single item from the random list, so it's unnecessary to create a shuffled list in the first place. Using elementAt() on a shuffled list is no different than picking any element out of that shuffled list, or simply picking a random item out of a list that isn't shuffled at all.
Also, the first two branches of your when statement currently would produce exactly the same results so they can be merged.
Based on what you described, I'm guessing you had this when statement inside a loop that tries to run it 100 times so you can list all the items. For that to work, you would need to shuffle the list one time outside the loop, and then you could iterate its elements in the loop.
However, there are functions that can make it easier to do what you're suggesting. Here's an example:
val randomChaos = chaosList.shuffled()
cResult.text = randomChaos.asSequence()
.take(100)
.withIndex()
.joinToString("\n") { (i, value) ->
"$value-$i"
}
In this case, using a Sequence helps avoid creating an intermediate list to hold the first 100 values.
var randomChaos = chaosList.shuffled()
fun cShuf() { randomChaos = chaosList.shuffled() }
cRoll.setOnClickListener() {
cResult.movementMethod = ScrollingMovementMethod()
if (countF < 1) { cShuf() }
cResult.text = randomChaos.elementAt(countF) + "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" + this.cResult.text
countF++
if (countF > 100) countF = 0
}
I have figured out how to use a function to generate a new shuffe of the list once I've hit > 100 shown.
My issue with making it a function was I was trying to use val variable in the function but the variable already existed so I didn't need to use val, just the name of the variable.
The documentation of SnapshotStateList states that it is similar to a regular mutable list. I have a use case where I need to modify all the elements in the list (set case). This does not change the size of the list, but I'm running into ConcurrentModificationException.
I have created a very simplified version of my usecase here. The following kotlin list works fine:
val myList2 = mutableListOf("a", "b", "c")
myList2.forEachIndexed { index, _ ->
// Modify item at index
myList2[index] = "x"
}
But I get a concurrent modification exception here:
val myList = mutableStateListOf("a", "b", "c")
myList.forEachIndexed { index, _ ->
// Modify item at index but I get an exception
myList[index] = "x"
}
How can I modify all elements of mutableStateList() in place without getting the concurrent modification exception?
Edit:
I can create a copy of the mutableStateList to iterate over which works fine but since I'm not changing the size of the list, is it possible to do it in place?
Some possible workarounds are to use replaceAll to transform the list in-place (as long as you don't need the index), or just use an old-fashioned loop over indices if you do
val listA = mutableListOf("A","B","C")
// this works
listA.forEachIndexed { i, s ->
listA[i] = s.lowercase()
}
val listB = mutableStateListOf("A","B","C")
// this fails - as you noted
listB.forEachIndexed { i, s ->
listB[i] = s.lowercase()
}
// this works, as long as you don't need the index
listB.replaceAll { s -> s.lowercase() }
// this also works, and lets you have the index
for(i in listB.indices) {
listB[i] = listB[i].lowercase()
}
I have an app in which gives you a certain photo based on an integer being fetched via
class RandomImageLogic(){
fun retrive(): Int{
return (1..9).random()
}
}
However, it is not professional to have a repeated outcome, as I desire a random integer to be fetched each time I call the function in order for the image to be different each time my button is pressed. How can I fetch a new random integer whenever the button calls the function?
The easy way is to pass in the last random number you received and filter it out.
fun retrive(except: Int): Int{
return ((1..9).filter {it != except}).random();
}
In your case, this method might not be called extremely often (only when the user clicks a button).
If this method was to be called more often, filter on an IntRange should be used with care (as proposed in #avalerio's answer).
This iterates the whole range (unnecessarily costing time) and it would create a temporary ArrayList on every call (creating unnecessary garbage and triggering the garbage collector more often than needed).
Here is a sample object NonRepeatingRandom (you can also implement it as a class if you wish). retrieve (which has been expanded with a max parameter and basic sanity checks) recursivly calls itself again if the same number would be generated twice in a row:
object NonRepeatingRandom {
private var previous = -1
fun retrieve(max : Int = 9): Int {
if(max < 0) {
error("Only positive numbers")
}
if(max <= 1) {
// There is nothing random about 0 or 1, do not check against previous, just return
previous = max
return max
}
val rand = (1..9).random()
return if(rand == previous) {
retrieve(max) // recursive call if two subsequent retrieve() calls would return the same number
} else {
previous = rand // remember last random number
rand
}
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
repeat(1000) {
println(NonRepeatingRandom.retrieve())
}
}
I made a quick-and-dirty performance test, calling my "recursive" method 10 million times and calling the "filter" method 10 million times.
Recursive: 125 ms (10 mio calls)
Filter: 864 ms (10 mio calls)
Pre-fill & random shuffle approach:
class RandomIntIterator(
private val range: IntRange
) : Iterator<Int> {
private lateinit var iterator: Iterator<Int>
init { randomize() }
fun randomize() {
iterator = range.shuffled().iterator()
}
override fun hasNext() = iterator.hasNext()
override fun next() = iterator.next()
}
...
val rnd = RandomIntIterator(1..9)
...
// on button click
if (rnd.hasNext()) {
val num = rnd.next()
// use num
} else {
// renew (if needed)
rnd.randomize()
}
I like using Sequences to generate unending streams of values.
In this case we'll have to write custom code, as checking for repeated values is a stateful operation, and while Sequences has a distinct() stateful filter, it applies to all generated values - we only want it to apply to a limited window.
TL;DR:
class RandomImageLogic(
private val random: Random,
/** The number of sequential values that must be distinct */
noRepeatsLimit: Int = 2
) {
private val sourceValues: List<Int> = (0..9).toList()
private fun nextValue(vararg exclusions: Int): Int =
(sourceValues - exclusions.asList()).random(random)
private val randomInts: Iterator<Int> =
generateSequence({
// the initial value just has one random int
val next = nextValue()
ArrayDeque(listOf(next))
}) { previousValues ->
// generate the next value, excluding previous values
val nextValue = nextValue(*previousValues.toIntArray())
// limit the size of previousValues, if necessary
if (previousValues.size >= noRepeatsLimit)
previousValues.removeLastOrNull()
// add the generated value to the beginning of the deque
previousValues.addFirst(nextValue)
previousValues
}
.map {
// convert the Sequence to a list of ints,
// each element is the first item in the deque
it.first()
}
.iterator()
fun retrieve(): Int {
return randomInts.next()
}
}
Testing
Let's write a test first, to make sure our solution works. Kotest has a specific property based testing subproject, and this will let us cover a wide range of test cases very quickly.
So, I ran through the setup, and started setting up the test case.
Seeding RandomImageLogic
First I modified the RandomImageLogic class so that the random selection could be seeded with a provided Random.
import kotlin.random.Random
class RandomImageLogic(private val random: Random) {
fun retrieve(): Int {
return (1..9).random(random = random)
}
}
This will help us to create a Generator for the RandomImageLogic.
Testing all values
Now we can use Kotest to write a property-based test that will assert "for all sequential values, they are different"
import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.arbitrary
import io.kotest.property.forAll
class RandomImageLogicTest: FunSpec({
// This generator will create a new instance of `RandomImageLogic`
// and generate two sequential values.
val sequentialValuesArb = arbitrary { rs ->
val randomImageLogic = RandomImageLogic(rs.random)
val firstValue = randomImageLogic.retrieve()
val secondValue = randomImageLogic.retrieve()
firstValue to secondValue
}
test("expect sequential values are different") {
forAll(sequentialValuesArb) { (firstValue, secondValue) ->
firstValue != secondValue
}
}
})
Of course, the test fails.
Property failed after 4 attempts
Arg 0: (1, 1)
Repeat this test by using seed 1210584330919845105
Caused by org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError: expected:<true> but was:<false>
So let's fix it!
Generating Sequences
As I said earlier, I really like Sequences. They're perfect for this use-case, where we have an infinite source of values.
To demonstrate how to make a Sequence, let's convert the existing code, and use an Iterator to fetch values.
class RandomImageLogic(private val random: Random) {
private val randomInts =
// generate a sequence using values from this lambda
generateSequence { (1..9).random(random = random) }
// use an iterator to fetch values
.iterator()
fun retrieve(): Int {
return randomInts.next()
}
}
This hasn't solved the problem yet - the Sequence only generates and provides one value at a time and so cannot do any filtering. Fortunately generateSequence() has an variant with nextFunction: (T) -> T?, where we can determine the next value based on the previous value.
If we use this constructor, and do a bit of refactoring to share the source values, and a util method to generate a next value while filtering out previous values...
private val sourceValues: List<Int> = (0..9).toList()
private fun nextValue(vararg exclusions: Int): Int =
(sourceValues - exclusions.asList()).random(random)
private val randomInts: Iterator<Int> =
generateSequence({ nextValue() }) { previousValue ->
nextValue(previousValue)
}
.iterator()
and now if we run the test, it passes!
Test Duration Result
expect sequential values are different 0.077s passed
Improvement: more than two distinct sequential values
What happens if you don't just want two sequential values to be distinct, but 3? Or even more? Let's make the 'no-repeated-values' limit configurable, and I think this will demonstrate why Sequences are a good solution.
class RandomImageLogic(
private val random: Random,
/** The number of sequential values that must be distinct */
noRepeatsLimit: Int = 2
) {
// ...
}
Testing
Once again, let's write a test to make sure things work as expected.
import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldHaveSize
import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldNotContainDuplicates
import io.kotest.property.Arb
import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.int
import io.kotest.property.checkAll
import kotlin.random.Random
class RandomImageLogicTest : FunSpec({
test("expect arbitrary sequential values are different") {
checkAll(Arb.int(), Arb.int(1..10)) { seed, noRepeatsLimit->
val randomImageLogic = RandomImageLogic(Random(seed), noRepeatsLimit)
val result = List(noRepeatsLimit) { randomImageLogic.retrieve() }
withClue("Result: $result") {
result shouldHaveSize noRepeatsLimit
result.shouldNotContainDuplicates()
}
}
}
})
And of course the test fails.
Property test failed for inputs
0) -459964888
1) 5
Caused by java.lang.AssertionError: Result: [3, 8, 0, 2, 8]
Collection should not contain duplicates
There's lots of options to make a Sequence stateful - again let's just look at one.
Sequence of values
Instead of a sequence of individual values, we can have a sequence where each element is a list of not only the current value, but also previously seen values.
Let's use ArrayDeque to store these values, because it's easy to add and remove values from the start and end.
Again, we use the same generateSequence constructor with a seedFunction and nextFunction - except this time each element is deque which stores all values, and in nextFunction we add new values to the start of the deque, trimming it if it's larger than the window size noRepeatsLimit
private val randomInts: Iterator<Int> =
generateSequence({
// the initial value just has one random int
val next = nextValue()
ArrayDeque(listOf(next))
}) { previousValues ->
// generate the next value, excluding previous values
val nextValue = nextValue(*previousValues.toIntArray())
// limit the size of previousValues, if necessary
if (previousValues.size >= noRepeatsLimit)
previousValues.removeLastOrNull()
// add the generated value to the beginning of the deque
previousValues.addFirst(nextValue)
previousValues
}
.map {
// convert the Sequence to a list of ints,
// each element is the first item in the deque
it.first()
}
.iterator()
And yup, the test passes!
Test Duration Result
expect arbitrary sequential values are different 0.210s passed
Storing state
It's important to think about how state will be stored. 'State' is required by RandomImageLogic to know whether a generated value is distinct.
In the Sequence implementation, it's stored internally, and so is specifically associated with an instance of RandomImageLogic. Maybe your application only has one instance of RandomImageLogic at any one time, in which case the state will always be up to date and will be shared between all invocations.
But what happens if there's more than one instance of RandomImageLogic? Or if there's multi-threading? Or if the RandomImageLogic instance is recreated?
The answers to these depend on the implementation and situation. From your question I suspect that it's not critically important that images never repeat, but I bring this up because it is important to think about.
Found the answer -> dataclass copy with field ArrayList - change the ArrayList of the copied class changes the original
I have this wired bug. I have an array list of size 3. The third item is a duplicate of the second item in the list. I differentiate them based on their position on the list. The problem is that when I do a for loop to change the properties of the item at index 1 the item at index 2 reflects the same change.
What I've tried so far. ...
I have confirmed that the list is being changed at only one spot in the app.
Added more fields to differentiate the duplicate items.
Set if statements to make sure that I am only changing the specific item.
What I think the solution is.
My assumption is that since the items at index 1 & 2 have a coupled relationship since they are duplicates of each other. (even with differentiating factors) I don't know what this relationship is.
My code snippet.
private fun testing(selectedNormalModifier: ToppingModel) {
var modIndex = -1
selectedNormalModifier.parentPosition = selectedModifierPosition
selectedNormalModifier.localToppingName = modifierGroupModel!!.itemModifierGroups[selectedModifierPosition].itemLocalTitle.toString()
val itemToEdit = modifierGroupModel!!.itemModifierGroups[selectedModifierPosition]
for (i in itemToEdit.modifierGroups.modifiers.indices) {
val mod = itemToEdit.modifierGroups.modifiers[i]
if (mod.title == selectedNormalModifier.toppingName) {
modIndex = i
}
}
itemToEdit.modifierGroups.modifiers[modIndex].isItemSelected = true
mSelectedNormalModifiers.add(selectedNormalModifier)
Log.e(TAG, "how many times did we get here $modifierGroupModel")
}
As you can see I am being very specific on the item that I want to edit. Regardless of this, the item at index 2 also gets edited and vice versa.
This is how I duplicate the items
for (i in modifierGroupModel!!.itemModifierGroups.indices) {
val item = modifierGroupModel!!.itemModifierGroups[i]
// only do this if the display count is greater than one
if (item.modifierGroups.displayCount.toInt() > 1) {
for(i in 0 until item.modifierGroups.displayCount.toInt()){
val localIndex = i + 1
item.itemIndex = localIndex
item.itemLocalTitle = getNumberOfName(localIndex) + " " + item.modifierGroups.modifierGroupTitle
tempItemModifierGroupModel.add(if (i > 0) item.copy() else item)
}
} else {
item.itemIndex = i
tempItemModifierGroupModel.add(item)
}
}
val newModidiferGroupModel = ModifierGroupsModel(
itemID = modifierGroupModel!!.itemID,
itemName = modifierGroupModel!!.itemName,
itemModifierGroups = ArrayList(tempItemModifierGroupModel.toMutableList())
)
modifierGroupModel = newModidiferGroupModel
The JSON object looks like this
"item" {
"nested list"[
"isSelected": "false"
]
},
"item" {
"nested list"[
"isSelected": "false" // when i change this to true
]
},
"item" {
"nested list"[
"isSelected": "false" // this one changes as well
]
}
]```
I'm guessing because you didn't show your Item data class but it looks like you are not editing the item in your list, but rather some indirectly referenced object. See this line:
itemToEdit.modifierGroups.modifiers[modIndex].isItemSelected = true
itemToEdit is not getting modified. Some indirectly referenced object in a collection called modifiers is what you're modifying.
When you copy an Item, it only copies all the property values. For a non-primitive property, the value is a reference to specific instance of a class. It does not perform a "deep copy". So your items at index 1 and 2 are different objects, but they reference the same instance of whatever is in the modifierGroups property.
I found the answer. ---> this other Stack Overflow question answered it. dataclass copy with field ArrayList - change the ArrayList of the copied class changes the original
The user #Andrey_yog