Develop Reference

Spring Boot/Security - can I use X509 Certificate as an extra layer in authentication?

I am building an Android App which communicates with my REST API that is protected by Spring Security.
Since the Android App is "public" and no keys etc is secure I want to create diffrent obstacles and make things complicated to protect my API as much as possible.
One way in which I would like to add more security is to make sure that the one calling my API has a certificate. I don't want to create thousands of certificates in my APIs trust-store so I just want to make sure that the caller have one single certificate that I hid away in a keystore in my Android app.
In the examples I have found it seems like a "normal" X509Certificate authentication in Spring Security requires a unique certificate for every user and then this certificate replaces Basic auth or JWT auth. I would like to have individual client JWT tokens but make sure that every call brings my ONE Android App certificate to make (more) sure that someone is calling my API from my Android app.
Is this possible or is it just not what it is for?
When you create a RestTemplate you can configure it with a keystore and trust-store so in that end it should be easy. But as for protecting my REST API it seems more difficult since I want both certificate + JWT token or Basic auth.
I am not using XML configuration for my securityconfig. I instead extend WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter. It would be great if this was configurable in the configure(HttpSecurity http) method, but I'm thinking that maybe I could achieve this in a OncePerRequestFilter somehow? Perhaps configure a filter before my JwtAuthFilter?
Edit:
In all the examples I have found for configuration of spring security they always seems to use the certificate as an authentication. I just want to configure so that when someone call example.com/api/** it checks so that the certificate is approved by my custom trust store (so that I "know" it is probably a call from my app) but if someone call example.com/website it should use the default java trust store.
If someone call example.com/api/** I would like my server to
check certificate and kill the connection if the certificate is not approved in my custom truststore.
If certificate is ok, establish https (or move on if I can't kill the connection before it have already established https-connection) to user auth with Basic-/JWT-authentication.

I think I figured it out. Here is how I configured it and it seems to work.
The "/**" endpoint is the website which should work with any browser without any specific certificate, but it requires Admin authority (you need to login as admin).
The "/api/**" and "/connect/**" endpoints require the correct certificate, the correct API-key and valid Basic- or JWT-token authentification.
#Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginPage("/loginForm")
.loginProcessingUrl("/authenticateTheUser")
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll().and().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.ALWAYS);
http.requestMatchers()
.antMatchers("/connect/**","/api/**")
.and()
.addFilterBefore(new APIKeyFilter(null), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
.addFilterBefore(new JwtAuthorizationFilter(), BasicAuthenticationFilter.class)
.csrf().disable()
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and()
.httpBasic()
.authenticationEntryPoint(authenticationEntryPoint)
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/connect/**").hasAnyRole("MASTER,APPCALLER,NEGOTIATOR,MEMBER")
.antMatchers("/api/**").hasAnyRole("MASTER,MEMBER,ANONYMOUS");
}
The ApiKeyFilter class is the one that check the api-key and also make sure that the certificate used in the call is approved in my server trust-store. The api-key check is all that I had to configure, the extended X509AuthenticationFilter will automatically check the request certificate. My ApiKeyFilter looks like this:
public class APIKeyFilter extends X509AuthenticationFilter {
private String principalRequestHeader = "x-api-key";
private String apiKey = "XXXX";
public APIKeyFilter(String principalRequestHeader) {
if (principalRequestHeader != null) {
this.principalRequestHeader = principalRequestHeader;
}
setAuthenticationManager(new AuthenticationManager() {
#Override
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
if(authentication.getPrincipal() == null) {
throw new BadCredentialsException("Access Denied.");
}
String rApiKey = (String) authentication.getPrincipal();
if (authentication.getPrincipal() != null && apiKey.equals(rApiKey)) {
return authentication;
} else {
throw new BadCredentialsException("Access Denied.");
}
}
});
}
#Override
protected Object getPreAuthenticatedPrincipal(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getHeader(principalRequestHeader);
}
#Override
protected Object getPreAuthenticatedCredentials(HttpServletRequest request) {
X509Certificate[] certificates = (X509Certificate[]) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate");
if (certificates != null && certificates.length > 0) {
return certificates[0].getSubjectDN();
}
return super.getPreAuthenticatedCredentials(request);
}
}
Cred goes to these resources that helped me put things together:
Spring Boot - require api key AND x509, but not for all endpoints
spring security http antMatcher with multiple paths

Deleting a user from Azure Active Directory B2C Android/Java

I have an Android application in which I'm using Azure AD B2C to authenticate users. Users login and logout of the application as needed. I would like to give the user the option to delete their own account.
I understand that I need to use the Azure AD Graph API to delete the user. This is what I have so far:
According to this link, it looks like deleting a user from a personal account (which is what the B2C users are using) is not possible. Is that correct?
Here's my code snippet for the Graph API call. Feel free to ignore it if I'm off track and there is a better way to solve this.
I believe I need a separate access token than what my app currently has (as the graph API requires other API consent). So, I'm getting the access token as follows:
AcquireTokenParameters parameters = new AcquireTokenParameters.Builder()
.startAuthorizationFromActivity(getActivity())
.fromAuthority(B2CConfiguration.getAuthorityFromPolicyName(B2CConfiguration.Policies.get("SignUpSignIn")))
.withScopes(B2CConfiguration.getGraphAPIScopes())
.withPrompt(Prompt.CONSENT)
.withCallback(getGraphAPIAuthCallback())
.build();
taxApp.acquireToken(parameters);
In the getGraphAPIAuthCallback() method, I'm calling the Graph API using a separate thread (in the background):
boolean resp = new DeleteUser().execute(authenticationResult.getAccessToken()).get();
Finally, in my DeleterUser() AsyncTask, I'm doing the following:
#Override
protected Boolean doInBackground(String... aToken) {
final String asToken = aToken[0];
//this method will be running on background thread so don't update UI from here
//do your long running http tasks here,you dont want to pass argument and u can access the parent class' variable url over here
IAuthenticationProvider mAuthenticationProvider = new IAuthenticationProvider() {
#Override
public void authenticateRequest(final IHttpRequest request) {
request.addHeader("Authorization",
"Bearer " + asToken);
}
};
final IClientConfig mClientConfig = DefaultClientConfig
.createWithAuthenticationProvider(mAuthenticationProvider);
final IGraphServiceClient graphClient = new GraphServiceClient.Builder()
.fromConfig(mClientConfig)
.buildClient();
try {
graphClient.getMe().buildRequest().delete();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.d(AccountSettingFragment.class.toString(), "Error deleting user. Error Details: " + e.getStackTrace());
}
return true;
}
Currently, my app fails when trying to get an access token with a null pointer exception:
com.microsoft.identity.client.exception.MsalClientException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'long java.lang.Long.longValue()' on a null object reference
Any idea what I need to do to provide the user the option to users to delete their own account? Thank you!

Thanks for the help, #allen-wu. Due to his help, this azure feedback request and this azure doc, I was able to figure out how to get and delete users silently (without needing intervention).
As #allen-wu stated, you cannot have a user delete itself. So, I decided to have the mobile app call my server-side NodeJS API when the user clicks the 'Delete Account' button (as I do not want to store the client secret in the android app) and have the NodeJS API call the Azure AD endpoint to delete the user silently. The one caveat is that admin consent is needed the first time you try to auth. Also, I have only tested this for Graph API. I'm not a 100% sure if it works for other APIs as well.
Here are the steps:
Create your application in your AAD B2C tenant. Create a client secret and give it the following API permissions: Directory.ReadWrite.All ;
AuditLog.Read.All (I'm not a 100% sure if we need the AuditLog permission. I haven't tested without it yet).
In a browser, paste the following link:
GET https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant}/adminconsent?
client_id=6731de76-14a6-49ae-97bc-6eba6914391e
&state=12345
&redirect_uri=http://localhost/myapp/permissions
Login using an existing admin account and provide the consent to the app.
Once you've given admin consent, you do not have to repeat steps 1-3 again. Next, make the following call to get an access token:
POST https://login.microsoftonline.com/{B2c_tenant_name}.onmicrosoft.com/oauth2/v2.0/token
In the body, include your client_id, client_secret, grant_type (the value for which should be client_credentials) and scope (value should be 'https://graph.microsoft.com/.default')
Finally, you can call the Graph API to manage your users, including deleting them:
DELETE https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/{upn}
Don't forget to include the access token in the header. I noticed that in Postman, the graph api had a bug and returned an error if I include the word 'Bearer' at the start of the Authorization header. Try without it and it works. I haven't tried it in my NodeJS API yet, so, can't comment on it so far.
#allen-wu also suggested using the ROPC flow, which I have not tried yet, so, cannot compare the two approaches.
I hope this helps!

There is a line of code: graphClient.getUsers("").buildRequest().delete();
It seems that you didn't put the user object id in it.
However, we can ignore this problem because Microsoft Graph doesn't allow a user to delete itself.
Here is the error when I try to do it.
{
"error": {
"code": "Request_BadRequest",
"message": "The principal performing this request cannot delete itself.",
"innerError": {
"request-id": "8f44118f-0e49-431f-a0a0-80bdd954a7f0",
"date": "2020-06-04T06:41:14"
}
}
}

Xamarin Android Web Service over HTTPS

I'm having some difficulties consuming a web service that is available only over https.
I have read posts from several other people who is having issues with achieving this as well, but none of the answers I have seen so far has fixed the problem for me, so I will try to explain my issue here and hope some of you know how to get past this obstacle.
I'm using Xamarin Studio 6.1.1 developing for Android specifically.
I have set the "HttpClient Implementation" under "Android Build" for the project to "AndroidClientHandler" (which appears to be the latest implementation and should support TLS 1.2).
I have added a web reference (not as WCF) to the web service and supplied the login information when prompted... So far everything is going as expected.
Note: I have tested the web service from a console application in Visual Studio and it works as expected.
However, when I attempt to call one of the methods of the web service I get the same error that I can see so many others have encountered before me which is this "Error: TrustFailure (The authentication or decryption has failed.)".
I have tried several of the previous posted solutions but nothing seems to help.
1.A) providing the callback function for ServicePointManager:
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += CertificateValidationCallBack;
1.B) the callback function:
private static bool CertificateValidationCallBack(
object sender,
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate certificate,
System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Chain chain,
System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
{
// If the certificate is a valid, signed certificate, return true.
if (sslPolicyErrors == System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.None)
{
return true;
}
// If there are errors in the certificate chain, look at each error to determine the cause.
if ((sslPolicyErrors & System.Net.Security.SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateChainErrors) != 0)
{
if (chain != null && chain.ChainStatus != null)
{
foreach (System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ChainStatus status in chain.ChainStatus)
{
if ((certificate.Subject == certificate.Issuer) &&
(status.Status == System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ChainStatusFlags.UntrustedRoot))
{
// Self-signed certificates with an untrusted root are valid.
continue;
}
else
{
if (status.Status != System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ChainStatusFlags.NoError)
{
// If there are any other errors in the certificate chain, the certificate is invalid,
// so the method returns false.
return false;
}
}
}
}
// When processing reaches this line, the only errors in the certificate chain are
// untrusted root errors for self-signed certificates. These certificates are valid
// for default Exchange server installations, so return true.
return true;
}
else
{
// In all other cases, return false.
return false;
}
}
2) Creating an instance of the AesCryptoServiceProvider:
System.Security.Cryptography.AesCryptoServiceProvider b = new System.Security.Cryptography.AesCryptoServiceProvider();
If anyone can has a solution this the apparently pretty common problem, please don't hesitate to let me know, I only have so much hair...
kind regards,
Aidal

Possible known bug. Search this here for "https": https://releases.xamarin.com
[Mono], [Xamarin.iOS], [Xamarin.Android], [Xamarin.Mac] – 43566 –
“TrustFailure (The authentication or decryption has failed.) … Invalid
certificate received from server.” with “Error code: 0x5” or “Error
code: 0xffffffff800b010f” when attempting to access HTTPS servers on
ports other than 443
Bug reference: https://bugzilla.xamarin.com/show_bug.cgi?id=44708

Consume WebAPI2 site from Android client with Google Authentication

I've been wracking my brain these past two days to try and understand how to use the authentication built into ASP.NET's WebAPI 2 using Google as an external authentication, and not being familiar with OAuth 2, I'm quite lost. I have followed this tutorial to set up the sign-in button on my Android client and send the "idToken" to the Web API. I've also followed this (now out of date) tutorial on setting up Google as an external login.
The problem happens when I try to send it I get {"error":"unsupported_grant_type"} as a response. Some other tutorials lead me to believe that the POST to mysite.com/token does not contain the correct data. This means I'm either building the request incorrectlyon the client, I'm somehow handling it incorrectly on the backend, I'm sending it to the wrong url, or I'm doing something entirely else wrong.
I found this SO answer which says to get a URL from /api/Accounts/ExternalLogins, but the sign-in button already gives me the access token that would supply to me (if I understand that correctly).
If someone could help me out here on what the exact process should be from start to finish, that would be amazing.
UPDATE: Okay, so here are some things that I've learned since I asked this question.
website.com/token URI is the redirect for the built in OAuth server in the WebAPI2 template. This is not useful for this particular problem.
The id_token is an encoded JWT token.
The website.com/signin-google URI is the redirect for normal Google login, but does not accept these tokens.
I may have to write my own AuthenticationFilter that uses the Google Client library to authorize through the Google API.
UPDATE 2: I'm still working on getting this AuthenticationFilter Implementation. Things seem to be going well at this point, but I'm getting stuck on some things. I've been using this example to get the token verification code, and this tutorial to get the AuthenticationFilter code. The result is a mix of both of them. I'll post it here as an answer once it's complete.
Here are my current problems:
Producing an IPrincipal as output. The verification example makes a ClaimPrincipal, but the AuthenticationFilter example code uses a UserManager to match the username to an existing user and returns that principal. The ClaimsPrincipal as created in the verification example directly does not auto-associate with the existing user, so I need to attempt to match some element of the claims to an existing user. So how do I do that?
I still have an incomplete idea of what a proper flow for this is. I'm currently using the Authentication header to pass my id_token string using a custom scheme: "goog_id_token". The client must send their id_token for every method called on the API with this custom AuthenticationFilter. I have no idea how this would usually be done in a professional environment. It seems like a common enough use case that there would be tons of information about it, but I haven't seen it. I have seen the normal OAuth2 flow, and since I'm only using an ID Token, and not an Access Token I'm a bit lost on what an ID Token is supposed to be used for, where it falls in a flow, and where it's supposed to live in an HTTP packet. And because I didn't know these things, I've kind of been making it up as I go along.

Wow, I did it. I figured it out. I... I can't believe it.
As metioned in my question Update 2, this code is assembled from Google's official API C# example and Microsoft's Custom AuthenticationFilter tutorial and code example. I'm going to paste the AuthorizeAsync() here and go over what each block of code does. If you think you see an issue, please feel free to mention it.
public async Task AuthenticateAsync(HttpAuthenticationContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
bool token_valid = false;
HttpRequestMessage request = context.Request;
// 1. Look for credentials in the request
//Trace.TraceInformation(request.ToString());
string idToken = request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter.ToString();
The client adds the Authorization header field with the scheme followed by a single space, followed by the id token. It looks something like Authorization: id-token-goog IaMS0m3.Tok3nteXt.... Putting the ID token in the body as given in the google documentation made no sense in this filter so I decided to put it in the header. For some reason it was difficult to pull custom headers from the HTTP packets so I just decided to use the Authorization header with a custom scheme followed by the ID token.
// 2. If there are no credentials, do nothing.
if (idToken == null)
{
Trace.TraceInformation("No credentials.");
return;
}
// 3. If there are credentials, but the filter does not recognize
// the authentication scheme, do nothing.
if (request.Headers.Authorization.Scheme != "id-token-goog")
// Replace this with a more succinct Scheme title.
{
Trace.TraceInformation("Bad scheme.");
return;
}
This whole point of a filter is to ignore requests that the filter doesn't govern (unfamiliar auth schemes, etc), and make judgement on requests that it's supposed to govern. Allow valid authentication to pass to the downstream AuthorizeFilter or directly to the Controller.
I made up the scheme "id-token-goog" because I had no idea if there was an existing scheme for this use case. If there is, somebody please let me know and I'll fix it. I guess it doesn't particularly matter at the moment as long as my clients all know the scheme.
// 4. If there are credentials that the filter understands, try to validate them.
if (idToken != null)
{
JwtSecurityToken token = new JwtSecurityToken(idToken);
JwtSecurityTokenHandler jsth = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
// Configure validation
Byte[][] certBytes = getCertBytes();
Dictionary<String, X509Certificate2> certificates =
new Dictionary<String, X509Certificate2>();
for (int i = 0; i < certBytes.Length; i++)
{
X509Certificate2 certificate =
new X509Certificate2(certBytes[i]);
certificates.Add(certificate.Thumbprint, certificate);
}
{
// Set up token validation
TokenValidationParameters tvp = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
ValidateActor = false, // check the profile ID
ValidateAudience =
(CLIENT_ID != ConfigurationManager
.AppSettings["GoogClientID"]), // check the client ID
ValidAudience = CLIENT_ID,
ValidateIssuer = true, // check token came from Google
ValidIssuer = "accounts.google.com",
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
RequireSignedTokens = true,
CertificateValidator = X509CertificateValidator.None,
IssuerSigningKeyResolver = (s, securityToken, identifier, parameters) =>
{
return identifier.Select(x =>
{
// TODO: Consider returning null here if you have case sensitive JWTs.
/*if (!certificates.ContainsKey(x.Id))
{
return new X509SecurityKey(certificates[x.Id]);
}*/
if (certificates.ContainsKey(x.Id.ToUpper()))
{
return new X509SecurityKey(certificates[x.Id.ToUpper()]);
}
return null;
}).First(x => x != null);
},
ValidateLifetime = true,
RequireExpirationTime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromHours(13)
};
This is all unchanged from the Google example. I have almost no idea what it does. This basically does some magic in creating a JWTSecurityToken, a parsed, decoded version of the token string, and sets up the validation parameters. I'm not sure why the bottom portion of this section is in it's own statement block, but it has something to do with the CLIENT_ID and that comparison. I'm not sure when or why the value of CLIENT_ID would ever change, but apparently it's necessary...
try
{
// Validate using the provider
SecurityToken validatedToken;
ClaimsPrincipal cp = jsth.ValidateToken(idToken, tvp, out validatedToken);
if (cp != null)
{
cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
ApplicationUserManager um =
context
.Request
.GetOwinContext()
.GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
Get the user manager from the OWIN context. I had to dig around in context intellisense until I found GetOwinCOntext(), and then found that I had to add using Microsoft.Aspnet.Identity.Owin; in order to add the partial class that included the method GetUserManager<>().
ApplicationUser au =
await um
.FindAsync(
new UserLoginInfo(
"Google",
token.Subject)
);
This was the very last thing I had to fix. Again, I had to dig through um Intellisense to find all of the Find functions and their overrides. I had noticed from the Identity Framework-created tables in my database that there is one called UserLogin, whose rows contain a provider, a provider key, and a user FK. The FindAsync() takes a UserLoginInfo object, which contains only a provider string and a provider key. I had a hunch that these two things were now related. I had also recalled that there was a field in the token format that included a key-looking field that was a long number that started with a 1.
validatedToken seems to be basically empty, not null, but an empty SecurityToken. This is why I use token instead of validatedToken. I'm thinking there must be something wrong with this, but since the cp is not null, which is a valid check for a failed validation, it makes enough sense that the original token is valid.
// If there is no user with those credentials, return
if (au == null)
{
return;
}
ClaimsIdentity identity =
await um
.ClaimsIdentityFactory
.CreateAsync(um, au, "Google");
context.Principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
token_valid = true;
Here I have to create a new ClaimsPrincipal since the one created above in validation is empty (apparently that's correct). Took a guess on what the third parameter of CreateAsync() should be. It seems to work that way.
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Multiple certificates are tested.
if (token_valid != true)
{
Trace.TraceInformation("Invalid ID Token.");
context.ErrorResult =
new AuthenticationFailureResult(
"Invalid ID Token.", request);
}
if (e.Message.IndexOf("The token is expired") > 0)
{
// TODO: Check current time in the exception for clock skew.
Trace.TraceInformation("The token is expired.");
context.ErrorResult =
new AuthenticationFailureResult(
"Token is expired.", request);
}
Trace.TraceError("Error occurred: " + e.ToString());
}
}
}
}
The rest is just exception catching.
Thanks for checking this out. Hopefully you can look at my sources and see which components came from which codebase.

Use NTLM/Basic Auth in WebView. Objective-C/Android

I'm making an iOS app, and I'm using an UIWebView to show a site, and everything seems to be working fine.
But when I go to a page of this site that require HTTP Authentication (Basic/NTLM Auth, HTTP) it does not work fine.
I was reading and I found a method didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge that indicate when is necessary Authentication in a page.
I found a example provided by Apple (but it does not work for me). https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/URLLoadingSystem/Articles/AuthenticationChallenges.html
-(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
{
if ([challenge previousFailureCount] == 0) {
NSURLCredential *newCredential;
newCredential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:[self preferencesName]
password:[self preferencesPassword]
persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone];
[[challenge sender] useCredential:newCredential
forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];
} else {
[[challenge sender] cancelAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];
// inform the user that the user name and password
// in the preferences are incorrect
[self showPreferencesCredentialsAreIncorrectPanel:self];
}
}
I was doing the same testing In Android and I found that We can use this method (It works for me):
#Override
public void onReceivedHttpAuthRequest(WebView view, HttpAuthHandler handler, String host, String realm) {
handler.proceed(username, password);
...
}
My question is, What is the correctly way to do HTTP Authentication (Basic Auth, HTTP) in objective-C ?
I did a test with two apps(android and IOS) for the same WebSite so Android app works fine, but the iOS app not.
Any advice will be use full for me!
Thanks.